The document discusses various methods and resources for searching references, both traditional and modern. It begins by describing how references were searched in the past through indexes, books, and discussions with seniors. Now, internet and websites are commonly used for reference searching. The document then focuses on PubMed, outlining what it is, how to access and search it, and how to solve common problems like getting too many/few results or finding recent or single citations. It also discusses finding full text articles and filters. Finally, it lists additional useful medical and health-related websites and databases.

1. Dr.A.P. Kulkarni
Professor & Head
Department of Community Medicine
Rural Medical College, LONI
SEARCHING REFERENCES

2. In good old days…….
Crossreferences
Index Medicus: Subject index, Author index
Books
Discussion with seniors
Now……
Internet & Web sites

3. Databases
Data base Accessed through
MEDLINE
(PreviousIndex Medicus)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
pubmed/
POPLINE www.popline.org
INDMED www.indmed.nic.in
SCOPUS www.scopus.com
COCHRANE www.cochrane.org
EMBASE www.embase.com
GoogleScholar http://scholar.google.co.in

4. Lesson Objectives
At theend of thelesson, participantswill be
ableto:
1.Definekey words
2.Describeand accessPUBMED
3.Know & solvecommon problemswhile
searching referenceson PUBMED
4.Useother web-sites

5. PUBMED
Morethan 23 million citations
From MEDLINE, lifesciencejournals, and
onlinebooks. Citationsmay includelinksto
full-text content from PubMed Central and
publisher web sites.
Maintained by: National Library of
Medicines, National Instituteof Health,
USA
Freeaccess
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/

6. PUBMED: Homepage
Drop down menu Search Box

7. PUBMED: Examplefor Search
I want referenceson Calcium channel
blockersin hypertension
Key words
1.Calcium channel blocker
2.Hypertension
Find out MeSH (Medical Subject Headings)
for thekey words

8. MeSH alternatives
Key word: Calciumchannelblocker:
9 alternativeMeSH words

9. MeSH alternatives
Key word: Hypertension: 49 alternatives

10. Common problems
Common Problems
1.Too many references
2.Too few references
3.Recent references
4.Singlecitation
5.Full text, Free

11. Common problems: Too many
Reason Solution
Too broad search word
Ex: Hypertension
Use specific word
Ex: Pulmonary hypertension
Used single word
Ex: Bronchodilator
Use more key words with
Boolean operator AND
Ex: Bronchodilator AND
Asthma
Filters not used Make search more focused
with filters
1

12. Broad VsSpecific key word
Hypertension (4,06,350) VsPulmonary
hypertension (48,030)
1

13. Useof OneVs> Onekey words
Bronchodilator(2,40,302) Vs
BronchodilatorANDAsthma (21,268)
1

14. Useof Filters1

15. Useof Filters
Article types
Clinical Trial
Review
More ...
Text availability
Abstract
Free full text
Full text
PubMed Commons
Reader comments
Publication dates
5 years
10 years
Custom range...
Species
Humans
Other Animals
Clear all
Show additional filters
1

16. Useof Filters: 2,40,302  29691

17. Common problems: Too few
Reason Solution
May be, filters activated in
previous search are active
Deactivate filters
Use of single term
Ex: Black water fever
Use additional alternate
words with Boolean operator
OR
Ex: Black water fever
OR Malaria, hemolytic
Did not use MeSH term
Ex: Visham jvar
Use MeSH term for word you
have used: Ex: Typhoid OR
Enteric fever
2

18. Useof Broad Term
Black water fever (204) Vs
Black water fever OR Hemolytic anemia(4785)
2

19. Useof MeSH term
Visham jvar (0) Vs
Typhoid OR Enteric fever (15091)
2

20. Recent references3

21. Recent references: Malariavaccine
Date: 2015-01-01 To 2015-06-30
Total : 6749 In daterange: 247
3

22. Singlecitation
Author: Kulkarni AP, First author
Title: Typhoid (or Enteric?), Epidemic (or
outbreak?)
Journal: Not certain
Dateof Publication: Not certain
Useof “Singlecitation matcher” in HOME
PAGE
4

23. Singlecitation4

24. Singlecitation4

25. Singlecitation
Singlearticleretrieved !!!
JCommun Dis. 1996 Jun;28(2):117-21
4

26. Full Text (Free!!)
Search word: Malaria
vaccine
UseFilter…..(Text
Availability)
Choose“Freefull text”
Display: Only thosearticle
of
which Freefull test is
available
5

27. Full Text (Free!!)5
Click link shown. It takesyou to link of free
full text !!

28. Full Text (Free!!)5
Full articleretrieved. (Pdf version also
available!) Don’t forget to down load tables
& Figures

29. Few morethingsabout PUBMED
Display Setting: Summary, Summary (text),
Abstract, Abstract (Text), MEDLINE etc.
Search in specific areaof article: (Title,
Abstract, Affiliation etc.)
Saving search: Advantages
Registration for log-in: Advantage
User guide

30. MobileApplication
PUBMED Mobile!!

31. Few important websites
WHO www.who.int
WHO South East Asia Region www.searo.who.int
WHO India http://whoindia.org/en/index.htm
UNICEF www.unicef.org
UNICEF India http://www.unicef.org/india/
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare http://mohfw.nic.in/
National Institute of Health & Family Welfare http://nihfw.nic.in/index.asp
Revised National Tuberculosis Program, India http://www.tbcindia.nic.in/
Vector Borne Disease Control Program http://nvbdcp.gov.in/home.htm
National Rural Health Mission http://mohfw.nic.in/NRHM.htm
National Polio Surveillance Project http://www.npspindia.org/
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS http://www.unaids.org.in/
National AIDS Control Organization http://www.nacoonline.org/NACO
Solution Exchange http://www.solutionexchange-un.net.in/
Medknow Publication http://www.journalonweb.com/
Census of India http://censusindia.gov.in/

32. Shodhganga:
http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in
Sitefor searching PhD Thesis

33. Other options
www.popline .org USAID initiative. Provides
free full-text copies of
many documents to users
in low- and middle-
income countries

34. POPLINE- Registration

35. Search form in POPLINE

36. Result of Search in POPLINE
Add to basket

37. Other options
www.medkonw.co
m
Publisher for peer-
reviewed, online/print +
online journals

38. Other options……
www.medind.nic.in
www.indmed.nic.in
ICMR initiative. Free full
text articles published in
select Indian Journals

39. Other options……
Indian citation index
http://www.indiancitationi
ndex.com
Index of Indian journals

40. Other options……
Google scholar
http://scholar.google.co.in
Free access index of
international journals

41. Other options……
.Cochrane data bases
www.cochrane.org
Cochrane data base of Clinical
trials
Cochrane data base of
systematic reviews

42. Vit C in preventing common cold

43. Paid cites……
www.embase.com ELSVIER Product
Unique and comprehensive
journal and conference
coverage

44. Paid cites……
www.scopus.com ELSVIER Product
Abstract and citation database
of peer-reviewed literature

45. Paid cites……Individual Journals

46. 46
Thank You !