This document provides an overview of quality control based on a training module presented in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It discusses the objectives, scope and principles of quality control, including the distinction between quality assurance and quality control. It also outlines the basic requirements for quality control units, including qualified personnel, approved procedures, and tasks like sampling, testing and releasing or rejecting materials.
Vinacontrol Group is the first Vietnamese inspection, testing, certification and quality assessment organisation. Established in 1957, Vinacontrol has been a trusted partner of Government Management Agencies, Project Management Units, enterprises and individuals in areas of conformity assessment.
During over 60 years of development, Vinacontrol has made great contribution in ensuring the safety and improving the quality of goods. By that its also contributed to import-export businesses, to domestic quality control of goods and for the whole society.
Vinacontrol network include Head Quaters which is located in Hanoi and 28 branches & units, 7 laboratories and more than 1000 suveyors, appraise experts, analysts. Our solutions are ready to support your business:
- Reduce risk, meet obligation in purchase, payment, delivery, mortgage and insurance procedures.
- Process optimization, ỉmprove quality in each segments of production, transportation, distribution or the whole supply chain
- Building trust, creditbility, doing your business fluently by guaranteeing the quality, safety of products and goods to consumers and partners.
- Comply with the strict regulations of the regulatory body, including local, regional, national and international rules and regulations applied to the production and sale of the goods.
- Ensure quality, safety, health, environment and social responsibility for raw materials, semi-finished products, finished goods throughout the production process and supply chain.
Vinacontrol Group is the first Vietnamese inspection, testing, certification and quality assessment organisation. Established in 1957, Vinacontrol has been a trusted partner of Government Management Agencies, Project Management Units, enterprises and individuals in areas of conformity assessment.
During over 60 years of development, Vinacontrol has made great contribution in ensuring the safety and improving the quality of goods. By that its also contributed to import-export businesses, to domestic quality control of goods and for the whole society.
Vinacontrol network include Head Quaters which is located in Hanoi and 28 branches & units, 7 laboratories and more than 1000 suveyors, appraise experts, analysts. Our solutions are ready to support your business:
- Reduce risk, meet obligation in purchase, payment, delivery, mortgage and insurance procedures.
- Process optimization, ỉmprove quality in each segments of production, transportation, distribution or the whole supply chain
- Building trust, creditbility, doing your business fluently by guaranteeing the quality, safety of products and goods to consumers and partners.
- Comply with the strict regulations of the regulatory body, including local, regional, national and international rules and regulations applied to the production and sale of the goods.
- Ensure quality, safety, health, environment and social responsibility for raw materials, semi-finished products, finished goods throughout the production process and supply chain.
Qualification and Validation have big Weightage in the Regulatory Compliance and GMP. Qualification and Validation only can guarantee about the Product Safety, Integrity, Strength, Purity and Quality assurance.
M.pharm (Pharmaceutics) Modern Pharmaceutics unit- Validation Part-1 introduction, scope and merits of validation, Validation and calibration of Master plan, ICH & WHO guidelines for calibration and validation of equipment.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
1. Project co-financed by
European Union Project co- financed
by Asean
European Committee
for Standardization
Implementing Agency
1
Module 7
GMP Workshop Kuala Lumpur 14-16 Nov 2005
Prepared by :
Stephanie Wong Choong Moy ~ Malaysia
Eusebia Regodon ~ Philippines
Approved by
ASEAN GMP Team
Endorsed by
ASEAN Cosmetic Committee
ASEAN GMP TRAINING MODULE
QUALITY CONTROL
2. Project co-financed by
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by Asean
European Committee
for Standardization
Implementing Agency
Module 7
GMP Workshop Kuala Lumpur 14-16 Nov 2005 2
Introduction
Objective
Scope
Quality Control Principle
QC Overview
QA versus QC
General Principle
Basic Requirement of Quality Control
Quality control unit
Quality control laboratory
Responsibility
Quality Control Documents
Tasks of Quality Control
References
CONTENT OF PRESENTATION
3. Project co-financed by
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GMP Workshop Kuala Lumpur 14-16 Nov 2005 3
INTRODUCTION
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INTRODUCTION
Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) is the part of Quality
Assurance that ensures that products are produced and
controlled consistently and reliably. This consistency of
production and control is essential. It can only come about by
having clear descriptions of the way in which the work will be
done.
GMP specifically addresses risks of cross-contamination and mix-
up that cannot be fully controlled by testing of the final product.
These risks can best be controlled by having a properly
managed system of working that takes them into account. This
means that the quality checking system must be designed with
these risks in mind and set out to find whether any errors have
occurred.
5. Project co-financed by
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by Asean
European Committee
for Standardization
Implementing Agency
Module 7
GMP Workshop Kuala Lumpur 14-16 Nov 2005 5
To understand key elements in quality
control.
To understand specific requirements
on organization, procedures,
processes and resources.
OBJECTIVES
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SCOPE
Quality control involved sampling, inspecting and
testing of starting materials, in process,
intermediate, bulk and finished products.
It also includes where applicable, environment
monitoring program, review of batch documentation,
sample retention programs, stability studies and
maintaining correct specification of materials and
products.
7. Project co-financed by
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by Asean
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for Standardization
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GMP Workshop Kuala Lumpur 14-16 Nov 2005 7
QUALITY CONTROL PRINCIPLES
8. Project co-financed by
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Sampling
Inspection & testing of: Starting Material, Bulk, Intermediate, Finished product
Environment monitoring program Batch record review/documentation
Sample retention program Stability study Calibration Reagent Handling
Release/Reject: Control for materials & product disposition
QUALITY CONTROL OVERVIEW
Return
How
Reprocessing
Product with consistent quality for its intended use
Assurance
Established Quality System Requirements
Product contain the correct materials of specified quality & quantity
Manufactured under proper conditions accordingly to SOPs
Specification Control
Key
Focus
Area
Objective
9. Project co-financed by
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GMP Workshop Kuala Lumpur 14-16 Nov 2005 9
• The terms quality assurance and quality control are often used
interchangeably to refer to the actions performed for ensuring the
quality of a product, service, or process.
• Both terms, however, have many interpretations because of the
multiple definitions for the words "assurance" and "control."
• The definitions below, for example, point toward a specific distinction
between these two terms:
Assurance = The act of giving
confidence, the state of being certain, or
the act of making certain.
Assurance : The act of giving confidence,
the state of being certain, or the act of
making certain.
Quality assurance : All the planned and
systematic activities implemented within the
quality system that can be demonstrated to
provide confidence a product or service will
fulfill requirements for quality.
Control : An evaluation to indicate needed
corrective responses; the act of guiding or the
state of a process in which the variability is
attributable to a constant system of chance
causes.
Quality control :The operational techniques
and activities used to fulfill requirements for
quality.
QA VS QC
10. Project co-financed by
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GMP Workshop Kuala Lumpur 14-16 Nov 2005 10
Each holder of a manufacturing authorization should
have a QC Department
Independence from production and other departments
is considered to be fundamental
Under the authority of an appropriately qualified and
experienced person with one or several control
laboratories at his or her disposal.
If do not have any facility, it can be managed by
appointed respective external laboratory institution(s).
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
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BASIC REQUIREMENTS OF
QUALITY CONTROL
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Quality Control department should have :
resources:
adequate facilities
qualified personnel
approved written procedures
tasks :
sampling, inspecting, testing,
releasing or rejecting
monitoring
objects :
Starting materials, intermediates, bulk, and finished products
Returned products
Environmental conditions
BASIC REQUIREMENTS
13. Project co-financed by
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• There shall be QC laboratory attached to each manufacturing
unit.
• The laboratory shall be capable of performing all the test in
accordance to approve specification, or to perform part of test
while sub-contracting part of tests to approved contract
laboratory.
• Where appropriate, QC laboratories shall be separated from
production areas especially for microbiology lab.
• The laboratories should be designed to suit the operations to be
carried out in them. Sufficient space should be given to avoid
mix-ups and cross-contamination. There should be adequate
suitable space for sample and records.
• Separate rooms may be necessary to protect sensitive
instruments from vibration, electrical interference, humidity, etc.
QC LABORATORY
14. Project co-financed by
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GMP Workshop Kuala Lumpur 14-16 Nov 2005 14
• Large firms : Quality Control Unit(s).
• Small firms :
specific tasks unit with limited laboratory apparatus, or
contract analysis with respective external laboratory
institute(s)
• Responsibilities defined in written procedures
• Independence from production and other
departments is fundamental
• Under the authority of an appropriately qualified
and experienced person
QUALITY CONTROL UNIT
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RESPONSIBILITIES
• Examines, approves or rejects incoming materials,
intermediates, bulk, the finished products, and returned
products.
• Does the inspection during production (in-process control)
• Establishes, standardizes, and implements all QC procedures,
and also establish the specification of each incoming materials.
• Establishes specification of intermediates, bulk and finished
goods together with head of Production.
• Approves reprocessing instruction and rework instruction
• Reviews production records to determine errors and ensures
that investigations have been conducted and corrective action
taken
• Involves in all decisions concern with the product quality
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Establishing, verification, and implementing all QC
procedures
Evaluating, maintaining, storing, and monitoring all
reference standards and retained samples
Reviewing batch documentation
Maintaining correct specification of materials and
finished products
Stability testing of each finished product
Participating in :
complaint investigations
environmental monitoring
GMP training
OTHER RESPONSIBILITIES
17. Project co-financed by
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by Asean
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for Standardization
Implementing Agency
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GMP Workshop Kuala Lumpur 14-16 Nov 2005 17
QC DOCUMENTS
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Each specification shall be approved, signed
and dated, and maintained by QC unit
The following specification shall be minimally
maintained and controlled:
Starting materials specification
Process water specification
Intermediate or bulk product where applicable
Finished product specification
Master formula
Batch Manufacturing Record (BMR)
SPECIFICATION CONTROL
19. Project co-financed by
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The following details should be included in the
specification:
designated name, and internal code reference if applicable
qualitative and quantitative requirement with acceptance
limits
Depending on the company practice, other data may
be added to the specification:
the supplier and the original producer
direction for sampling and testing, or reference to an
approved procedure
storage condition or precautions
the maximum period of storage before re-examination
STARTING MATERIAL SPECIFICATION
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• Drinking water standard is defined as minimum
standard for use in cosmetic processing.
Appropriate specification for chemical and
microbial quality should be established based on
point of use.
Periodic testing should be conducted, eg. weekly
• Further treatment may be necessary based on the
product formula, process and claim requirements.
Specification for water with further treatment shall be
established based on supplier design specification or
pharmacopoeia standard
PROCESS WATER SPECIFICATION
21. Project co-financed by
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Finished product specification should include:
Designated name, and internal code reference if
applicable
Formula number
Description of finished product and its package details
Qualitative and quantitative requirement with
acceptance limits
Direction for sampling and testing, or reference to an
approved procedure
Storage condition or precautions, if any
Shelf life, if any
Batch numbering requirement (including manufacturing
date or expiry date )
FINISHED PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
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• Inspection and testing based on process monitoring
or actual sample testing at defined sampling interval
and location
• Shall be documented in Batch Manufacturing Record
• The result shall conform to Batch Manufacturing /
Packaging Record requirements
• Control chart/other statistical tools for process
capability may be used for trend analysis
IN-PROCESS CONTROL
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Other laboratory documentation includes
Sampling procedures
Calibration and Maintenance Equipment
Stability Procedures, where applicable
Environment Monitoring, where applicable
Testing procedures and records (including worksheets
and/or laboratory notebooks)
Analytical reports and/or certificates
OTHER LABORATORY DOCUMENTATION
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• Master Formula and Batch Manufacturing Record
shall be retained for the shelf life + 1 year of the
product
• Other laboratory record (e.g. analytical tests results,
environmental controls…) it is recommended that
records be kept in a manner permitting trend
evaluation
• Other raw data such as laboratory notebooks and/or
records should be retained and readily available
QUALITY RECORD RETENTION
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TASKS OF
QUALITY CONTROL
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4. Test samples
Meet specification
YES
NO
5. Review of batch record
7. Non conformance or
out of specification
investigation
6. Goods release
End
Start
3. Sampling
2. Receiving
8. Goods Reject
End
Lab
Records
Release
QC/QA Status
Quarantine
Reject
Reject
Release
• Incoming materials
• Water
• Returned goods
• Intermediates
• Bulks
• Finished goods
• Environment monitoring
Quarantine
QC WORK FLOW
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• There should be written procedure on the receiving,
internal labeling, quarantine and storage of starting
materials, packaging materials and other materials as
appropriate
• Upon receiving of the supplied goods, its identity,
legibility of batch number, integrity of its primary
packaging and seal shall be verified prior to acceptance.
• Certificate of Analysis shall be provided by the supplier
accompanying the receiving of starting materials
• Quarantine goods shall be segregated from “Release”
goods
• Reject goods shall be stored in a define area with
consideration of control access (eg. Locked area)
RECEIPT
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The sample taking shall be done in accordance
with written procedure that describe:
The method of sampling
The sampling tools used
The amount of samples to be taken
The type and condition of the sample container to be
used (ie amber glass bottle)
The identification of the container sampled
Special precaution for hazardous materials
The storage condition (if any)
Instruction for cleaning and storage of sampling
equipment
Instruction for re-sealing the opened container.
SAMPLING
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SAMPLING PROCESS
• Sampling tools such as knives, pliers, saws, hammers, wrenches,
implements to remove dust (preferably a vacuum cleaner)
• Material to re-close the packages (such as sealing tape), as well as self-
adhesive labels to indicate that a part of the contents has been
removed from a package or container.
• Containers due to be sampled should be cleaned prior to sampling if
necessary.
• There should be a written procedure describing the sampling operation.
This should include health and safety aspects of sampling.
• The container used to store a sample should not interact with the
sampled material nor allow contamination. It should also protect the
sample from light, air, moisture, etc., as required by the storage
directions for the material sampled.
• Microbiology sampling tools shall be sterilised prior to use
• Aseptic technique shall be used during sampling
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1. Raw Material
Sampling plan for raw material should be based on defined
sampling standard, for example:
• the “n plan” is based on the formula n = 1+√N, where N is the
number of sampling units in the consignment;
• the “p plan” is based on the formula p = 0.4 √N, where N is the
number of sampling unit; or
• the “r plan” on the formula r = 1.5√N .
• reduce sampling plan such as “p plan” shall be considered only
when there is established confidence on the material’s
uniformity.
2. Packaging materials and Finished Product
Sampling plans for packaging materials should be based on defined
sampling standards, for example British Standard BS 6001-1, ISO
2859 or ANSI/ASQCZ1.4-1993.
SAMPLING PLAN
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Scoop for solid
Dip tube
for liquid
Weighted container for large tank
Spears for bag
SAMPLING TOOLS
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TESTING & ANALYSIS
• All tests shall be performed in accordance with the
test methods as stated in the specification
• Reduce testing rational shall be documented
• Test can be performed by in-house laboratory or
external laboratory
• Where test is performed in-house, laboratory shall be
available
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LABORATORY DATA (1)
QC should maintain adequate analytical records
concerning the examination of materials and
products.
Such records should include among others:
The result of every test performed, including observations
and calculations, relating to compliance with the established
specifications (calculations done on scratch paper shall be
included in the record).
The source of the specification used.
Signature(s) of the person(s) who performed the quality
control procedure.
A final review (eg. laboratory management), the decision
taken, and a dated endorsement by a duly authorized expert
(eg. supervisor/manager).
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LABORATORY DATA (2)
• Laboratory data must be recorded in a manner that
assures its accuracy, authenticity and completeness,
preserves its integrity and assures its retrievability
• Data recording should be clear, permanent (not pencil)
and traceable to the item tested.
• Records, either handwritten or equipment/ computer
generated, shall be reviewed, signed off and dated.
• There should be a written policy about averaging of
numbers, cross-outs of mistakes, significant figures,
leaving notebook pages or fill-in-the-blank entries
empty, etc.
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RETAIN SAMPLE (1)
• Retain sample should be representative of the batch of
materials or products from which they are taken.
• Retain sample shall be of a size sufficient to permit at
least 2 full re-examinations
• Retain samples for each batch of finished products
shall be retained at a defined period
• Finished product should be kept in their final
packaging and stored under the recommended
condition (eg. Consumer use condition at room
temperature)
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RETAIN SAMPLE (2)
• A retain sample log shall be maintained with
the sample identification, batch number and
its storage location for ease of retrieval
• Prior to disposal of retain sample, visual
inspection should be carried out
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CONTROL OF
STARTING MATERIAL ACCEPTANCE
1. All starting materials shall be verified prior to use.
2. Verification should include the following:
Review of Certificate of Analysis from the manufacturer
versus approved specification
Other tests may be conducted as appropriate:-
Identification test / package identification and other
characteristic of the material shall be examined.
Primary packaging: No leakage, sharp dents, tear ,
exposed parts and seal integrity
Legible label and identification and batch number
Frequency: Every batch of manufacturer’s batch
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CONTROL OF
PROCESS WATER ACCEPTANCE
• Minimally meet National or WHO Drinking Water
standard.
• Treated water specification shall be based on
supplier’s design specification or pharmacopoeia
standard
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CONTROL OF
IN-PROCESS BULK/PRODUCT ACCEPTANCE
• In-process inspection and testing should be
performed by monitoring the process or by actual
sample analysis at defined locations and time.
• The results should conform to established process
parameters or acceptable tolerances.
• Line clearance shall be practiced on all packaging
lines
• Where necessary, standard reference for labeling and
coding format/ requirement should be available.
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CONTROL OF
FINISHED PRODUCT ACCEPTANCE
• Review of Batch Manufacturing Record
• Review all non-conformance or deviation
documented on the BMR and its reprocessing or
rework instruction
• Review of physical, chemical and microbiological
results
• Review of sample from the batch for verification on
its conformance to BMR requirement.
• Approve Certificate of Analysis with clear summary
statement on the product status, ie “Release” or
“Reject”
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OUT OF SPECIFICATION INVESTIGATION
Written procedure should be made available.
Typically, an investigation includes:
• A review of the calculation to ensure they are correct.
• A review of test procedures utilized.
• A review of equipment, columns, charts and previous
analyses of samples of the same product/material
• A review of reagent/ standardization carried out for the
test (e.g., pipettes).
• A complete investigation and evaluation of initial results
prior to a retest.
• A review of product/material history
• Assigned person responsible for investigation
• Documented rational for retest and re-sampling
Proper documentation of investigations,
recommendation and disposition must be in place.
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LABORATORY REAGENT
• Reagent should be prepared in accordance with written
procedures.
• Volumetric solution, the last date of standardization and the last
current factor should be indicated.
• Where necessary, the date of receipt of any reagents should be
indicated on the container. Instruction for use and storage
should be followed.
• Where necessary, the identification test and/or other testing of
reagent materials is required upon receipt or before use.
• Reagent to be certified by the original producer to the quality of
reagent grade purchased, typically a CoA shall be available for
review and verification on acceptance.
• Laboratory safety manual shall be available for safe operation of
the reagent and chemicals.
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LABORATORY REAGENTS
All reagents should bear a label containing
the following information :
The name of the reagent
Its strength or concentration
Its expiration date
Date of preparation
Name of the individual who prepared it
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
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ENVIRONMENT MONITORING (1)
• Environment Monitoring to be implemented where
appropriate.
• The objective is to demonstrate the manufacturing
environment is functioning at an adequate level of
microbial control for the specific product/product
group.
• Sample site selection based on:
Room design/ size
Manufacturing process
Product susceptibility
• Potential sampling site shall include
Starting material sampling room/area
Dispensing area
Manufacturing area
Microbiological lab
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ENVIRONMENT MONITORING (2)
• Alert and Action limits should be established
based on statistical methods.
• Sampling frequency shall be established, eg
weekly.
• The media selection for use of detection and
growth of viable airborne particulate shall be
established.
• Direct and in-direct methods available, most
commonly used are STA air sampler, SAS air
sampler and settling plate.
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STABILITY STUDY (1)
Stability test shall be carried out where applicable
Real time stability shall extend to the end of shelf life
period for any new products and should include the
following parameters:-
Number of batch(es) for different batch size
Relevant physical, chemical, microbiological test methods
Acceptance criteria
Description of the container closure system(s)
Testing intervals (time points)
Description of the condition of storage
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STABILITY STUDY (2)
• The number of batches and frequency of testing shall
provide a sufficient amount of data to allow for trend
analysis.
• Bracketing and matrixing design may be applied where
applicable.
• Worst case situation shall be covered within the real
time stability program after any significant change or
deviation to the process or package, ie. After rework or
reprocessing.
• A summary of data should be generated, with interim
conclusion on the trend analysis.
• Result of stability studies should be reviewed by
authorized person(s).
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CALIBRATION
• To maintain the accuracy and precision of test equipment
at all times.
• To ensure highest level of confidence in all measurement
that affect materials disposition decision, with unbroken
chain of traceability to national standard.
• To determine whether the equipment is still fit for its
intended purpose.
• It is based on the comparison of a primary standard or
instrument of known accuracy with another equipment (to
be calibrated)
• It is used to detect, correlate, report or eliminate by
adjustment of any variation in the accuracy of the
equipment being calibrated.
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EQUIPMENT CLASSIFICATION
Critical equipment:
Direct measurement that affect the final product
quality
Measurement on critical process parameters in
the process specification
Non critical equipment:
Indirect measurement that will not directly affect
the final product quality
Shall be maintained based on company
maintenance schedule
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CALIBRATION INTERVAL
Depending on:
Classification of Critical or non-critical
Usage (light or heavy usage)
Handling (light or heavy handling)
Manufacturer’s recommendation
Reference to NIST or accreditation body
guideline for a specific measurement system
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PRIMARY STANDARD
• Highest accuracy order in the
measurement system
• Traceable to National or
International standard
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Note: * Working Standards
REFERENCE STANDARD*/MATERIAL
• Reference Standard
It shall be calibrated by a body that can provide
traceability. Such reference standard of measurement
held by the laboratory shall be used for calibration
only. It shall be calibrated before and after any
adjustment
• Reference Materials
Where possible, it shall be traceable to SI units of
measurement, or to Certified Reference Materials.
Internal Reference Material shall be checked as far as
is technically and economically practical
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CALIBRATION RESULT
• Traceable to National or International
standard
• Measurement standard to be specified
with validity period
• Conclusion made on the validity of
calibration
• Certificate to be reviewed by authorize
personnel
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VERIFICATION
• Applicable to equipment that cannot be
calibrated (adjustment, correlation, etc)
• Verification against measurement standard
with correction factor documented
• Actual reporting of result shall include the
correction factor
• Temperature correction factor “- 2 0C”.
Measured value: 240 C
Reported value = 24 0 C –2 0 C= 22 0 C
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OUT OF CALIBRATION
• Remove equipment from use
• Out of Calibration Investigation to be carried
out to determine the source of inaccuracy
• Evaluate the impact of OOC result on the final
product quality and other previously
measured data
• All investigation findings should be
documented
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CALIBRATION RECORDS
• Calibration Master Plan
Include the control of all critical measurement
equipment that contain the following details
Name
Identification by model # and serial #
Location
Owner/Responsible
Calibration Frequency
Calibration due date
• Calibration Certificate
• Calibration Procedure
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CALIBRATION CERTIFICATE
• Name and address of contracted calibration
laboratory
• Name and address of client
• Description and identification of item calibrated
• Environment conditions when calibration was
made
• Date of receipt of instrument, date of
calibration and date of next calibration
• Calibration method
• Result of calibration
• Signature and title of person responsible for
the calibration
• External calibration contract shall be awarded
to Accredited by the nation institution
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CALIBRATION IDENTIFICATION
• Status of equipment calibration shall be
available and affixed to the equipment
where applicable.
• Equipment identification shall bear the
following information:
name of equipment
serial no.
date calibrated
status
schedule of next calibration and
initial/signature of the person who performed
the calibration
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REPROCESSING (1)
• Reprocessing includes both definitions of
Reprocessing and Rework
• Definitions
Reprocessing: Subjecting all or part of the
batch/lot of an in-process bulk, intermediate or
product of a single batch or lot to the previous step
of the approved manufacturing/packaging process
due to failure to meet pre-determined specification.
Rework: Subjecting all or part of the batch /lot of
an in-process bulk, intermediate or product of a
single batch or lot to an alternate manufacturing/
packaging process due to failure to meet pre-
determined specification.
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• Complete OOS/Non-conformance investigation with risk
assessment on recovery decision, based on approved
procedure
• Reprocessing Instruction includes the following details:
Additional Ingredient where necessary
Reprocessing instruction
Responsibility
Sampling Plan
Acceptance Criteria
• Approval of Reprocessing Instruction by QC
• Where batch adjustment which is part of the In-Process
Quality Control, this should not be considered where
there is reprocessing.
REPROCESSING (2)
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CONTROL OF
REPROCESSING PRODUCT
• Meeting the Reprocessing Instruction
acceptance criteria
• Where the stability of the product is in doubt,
additional testing of any finished product
which has been reprocessed should be
performed, stability study to be included as
appropriate.
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RETURN (1)
• Definition- Finished product that has been
distributed and is being returned for reasons other
than a product complaint reason.
• Returned products shall be identified as such and put
on hold. If the conditions under which returned
products have been held, stored, or shipped before or
during their return, or if the condition of the product,
its container, carton, or labeling, as a result of storage
or shipping, casts doubt on the safety, identity or
quality of the product, the returned product shall be
destroyed unless examination, testing, or other
investigations prove the product meets appropriate
standards of safety, identity or quality.
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• A product may be reworked/reprocessed
provided the subsequent product meets
appropriate standards, specifications, and
characteristics.
• Records of returned products shall be
maintained and shall include the name, lot
number (or control number or batch number),
reason for the return, quantity returned, date
of disposition, and ultimate disposition of the
returned product.
RETURN (2)
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RETURN (3)
• If the reason for a product being returned implicates
associated batches, an appropriate investigation shall
be conducted.
• Procedures for the holding, testing, and reprocessing
of returned products shall be in writing and shall be
followed.
• The recovery rational shall be documented with
approval from the QC unit.
• Disposal of return goods shall be based on approved
procedure.
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CONTROL OF RETURN PRODUCTS
Products that have been subjected to improper storage
conditions including extremes in temperature, humidity, smoke,
fumes, pressure, age, or radiation due to natural disasters, fires,
accidents, or equipment failures shall not be salvaged and
returned to the marketplace.
Whenever there is a question whether products have been
subjected to such conditions, salvaging operations may be
conducted only if the following acceptance criteria were fulfilled:
Product labeling meeting current regulatory requirements
Laboratory tests that the product meet the product
specification
Visual inspection on the product and their associated
packaging were intact and comparable to standard
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Trainer Manual of GMP ASEAN Quality Control
ASEAN GMP Supplementary Module : Water
ASEAN GMP Supplementary Module : Calibration
WI of QC Working Procedure
WI of Sampling of Incoming Raw Materials
WI of Sampling of Incoming Packaging Materials
WI of Handling Incoming Materials
WI of Handling Finished Goods
WI of Handling and Testing of Raw Materials
WI of Stability Study
WI of Environment Monitoring
RELATED HYPERLINK DOCUMENTS
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REFERENCES
1. Guideline on ASEAN Cosmetic GMP (2003)
2. U.S. Food Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety Applied
Nutrition, Cosmetic Compliance program
3. NIST
4. WHO Guideline for Drinking Water Quality
5. EUDRALEX, Medicinal Products for Human and Veterinary Use :
Good Manufacturing Practice, ,Volume 4.
6. WHO, Good Manufacturing Practices: Starting Materials.
7. Ariffin F., Consultation to Discuss : Stability Studies in a Global
Environment.
8. International Pharmacopoeia
9. WHO Guideline For Sampling OF Pharmaceuticals and related
materials.
10. PDA Technical Report No. 13 revised, Fundamentals of an
Environmental Monitoring Program
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