This document provides an overview of a 6-week training series on integrating a trauma-informed approach in behavioral health settings. The training covers understanding the impact of trauma, its effects across the lifespan and on the body and brain, and implementing a trauma-informed care approach. Key topics include the prevalence and types of trauma, common trauma responses, PTSD diagnosis, and dissociation. The training emphasizes creating a culture of trauma-informed care through organizational policies, staff training, and identifying and appropriately serving trauma survivors.
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that a person may develop after experiencing or witnessing an extreme, overwhelming traumatic event during which they felt intense fear, helplessness, or horror.
Overview of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder including diagnostic criteria from ICD-10 and DSM-5, prevalence, course, differential diagnosis, co-morbidity, assessment, risk, prognostic and protective factors, etiology and management.
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a natural emotional reaction to a deeply shocking and disturbing experience. It is a normalreaction to an abnormalsituation.
•Any human being has the potential to develop PTSD
•Cause external –Psychiatric Injury not Mental Illness
•Not resulting from the individual’s personality –Victim is not inherently weak or inferior
Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) mamtabisht10
Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a stress related disorder (DSM5) is characterized by inability to adjust or recover after witnessing or experiencing a traumatic or life threatening event.
Course Description (From www.PESI.com):
Attend this day of training and leave with a brand new toolkit of skills, interventions, and principles for rapid success with traumatized clients. Join Jamie Marich and learn the standard of care for treatment in the field of traumatic stress – and its key ingredients. Implement evidence-based treatment protocols and interventions for establishing safety, desensitizing and reprocessing trauma memories, metabolizing and resolving grief/loss and finally, assisting clients in reconnecting to lives full of hope, connection, and achievement.
Jamie is a certified EMDR Therapist and approved consultant through the EMDR International Association (EMDR). She is additionally a member of the American Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress, the International Association of Trauma Professionals (IATP), and has earned Certification in Disaster Thanatology.
Jamie began her career in social services as a humanitarian aid worker in post-war Bosnia-Herzegovina opening her eyes to the widespread, horrific impact of traumatic stress and grief.
Objectives:
Describe the etiology and impact of traumatic stress on the client utilizing multiple assessment strategies.
Assess a client’s reaction to a traumatic event and make an appropriate diagnosis.
Explain how grief, bereavement, and mourning are accounted for in the new DSM-5®.
Implement interventions to assist a client in dealing with the biopsychosocial manifestations of trauma, PTSD, and traumatic grief/complicated mourning.
Utilize appropriate evidence-based interventions to assist a client in dealing with the biopsychosocial-spiritual manifestations of trauma.
Explain the effects of trauma on the structure and function of the brain.
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that a person may develop after experiencing or witnessing an extreme, overwhelming traumatic event during which they felt intense fear, helplessness, or horror.
Overview of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder including diagnostic criteria from ICD-10 and DSM-5, prevalence, course, differential diagnosis, co-morbidity, assessment, risk, prognostic and protective factors, etiology and management.
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a natural emotional reaction to a deeply shocking and disturbing experience. It is a normalreaction to an abnormalsituation.
•Any human being has the potential to develop PTSD
•Cause external –Psychiatric Injury not Mental Illness
•Not resulting from the individual’s personality –Victim is not inherently weak or inferior
Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) mamtabisht10
Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a stress related disorder (DSM5) is characterized by inability to adjust or recover after witnessing or experiencing a traumatic or life threatening event.
Course Description (From www.PESI.com):
Attend this day of training and leave with a brand new toolkit of skills, interventions, and principles for rapid success with traumatized clients. Join Jamie Marich and learn the standard of care for treatment in the field of traumatic stress – and its key ingredients. Implement evidence-based treatment protocols and interventions for establishing safety, desensitizing and reprocessing trauma memories, metabolizing and resolving grief/loss and finally, assisting clients in reconnecting to lives full of hope, connection, and achievement.
Jamie is a certified EMDR Therapist and approved consultant through the EMDR International Association (EMDR). She is additionally a member of the American Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress, the International Association of Trauma Professionals (IATP), and has earned Certification in Disaster Thanatology.
Jamie began her career in social services as a humanitarian aid worker in post-war Bosnia-Herzegovina opening her eyes to the widespread, horrific impact of traumatic stress and grief.
Objectives:
Describe the etiology and impact of traumatic stress on the client utilizing multiple assessment strategies.
Assess a client’s reaction to a traumatic event and make an appropriate diagnosis.
Explain how grief, bereavement, and mourning are accounted for in the new DSM-5®.
Implement interventions to assist a client in dealing with the biopsychosocial manifestations of trauma, PTSD, and traumatic grief/complicated mourning.
Utilize appropriate evidence-based interventions to assist a client in dealing with the biopsychosocial-spiritual manifestations of trauma.
Explain the effects of trauma on the structure and function of the brain.
Trauma and stressor-related disorders are a group of emotional and behavioral problems that may result from childhood traumatic and stressful experiences. These traumatic and stressful experiences can include exposure to physical or emotional violence or pain, including abuse, neglect or family conflict.
Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe anxiety disorder that can develop after exposure to any event which results in psychological trauma.”
reaction to stressful experiences. the normal reactions and psychological disorders related to it. short discussion of PTSD, acute stress reaction and Adjustment disorder along with treatment options.
very summarized management of each condition. good for medical students
Diagnostic Criteria:
exposure to actual or threatened death, serious, or sexual violence in one( or more) of the following ways:
1) Directly experiencing the traumatic events.
2) Witnessing in person
3) Learning that the traumatic event occur to close family member or friend.
4) Experiencing repeated or extreme exposure to aversive details of the traumatic events.
# 1 thing that all treatments mention is SAFETY
Followed by: coping skills/ support system/ regaining control/ reducing stress/ relaxation skills/ self nourishing
Trauma and stressor-related disorders are a group of emotional and behavioral problems that may result from childhood traumatic and stressful experiences. These traumatic and stressful experiences can include exposure to physical or emotional violence or pain, including abuse, neglect or family conflict.
Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe anxiety disorder that can develop after exposure to any event which results in psychological trauma.”
reaction to stressful experiences. the normal reactions and psychological disorders related to it. short discussion of PTSD, acute stress reaction and Adjustment disorder along with treatment options.
very summarized management of each condition. good for medical students
Diagnostic Criteria:
exposure to actual or threatened death, serious, or sexual violence in one( or more) of the following ways:
1) Directly experiencing the traumatic events.
2) Witnessing in person
3) Learning that the traumatic event occur to close family member or friend.
4) Experiencing repeated or extreme exposure to aversive details of the traumatic events.
# 1 thing that all treatments mention is SAFETY
Followed by: coping skills/ support system/ regaining control/ reducing stress/ relaxation skills/ self nourishing
Professional Risk Assessment: Risk of Harm to OthersDr Gemma Russell
Presentation delivered to Lifeworks Australia as part of their professional development in 2013.
Specifically discusses how to conduct a comprehensive risk assessment, regarding individual's risk of harm to others. Seminar includes ethical and legal obligations of the practitioner as well as implications for different types/levels of risk.
Chapter Seven:
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Background of PTSD
Psychic trauma is the result of experiencing an acute overwhelming threat in which disequilibrium occurs.
Most people are extremely resilient and will quickly return to a state of mental and physical homeostasis.
Acute stress disorder is when symptoms continue for a period of 2 days to 1 month and have an onset within 1 month of the traumatic event.
Background Cont.
If acute stress disorder symptoms develop, they will typically diminish in 1 to 3 months.
Delayed PTSD is when symptoms disappear for a period of time and then reemerge in a variety of symptomatic forms months or years after the event.
Benchmarks
Railway train accidents
“Railway spine”
Freud’s research on trauma cases of young Victorian women
“Hysterical neurosis”
Traumatized combat veterans (especially veterans of the Vietnam Conflict)
“Shell shock”
“Combat fatigue”
Benchmarks Cont.
Recognition of domestic violence and rape via the women’s movement
“Battered women’s syndrome”
All came together to be defined as posttraumatic stress disorder in the third edition of the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (1980).
Diagnostic Criteria
Exposure to a trauma that involves:
Actual or perceived threat of serious injury or death to self or others
Response to the trauma was intense fear, helplessness, or horror
Symptoms arise that were not evident before the event
Persistent re-experiencing of the trauma in at least ONE of the following ways:
Recurrent and distressing recollections
Recurrent nightmares
Flashback episodes
Distress related to internal or external cues that symbolize the event
Physiological reactions to events that symbolize the trauma
Diagnostic Criteria Cont.
Behaviors consistent with at least THREE of the following:
Persistently avoiding related thoughts, dialogues, or feelings
Persistently avoiding related activities, people, or situations
Inability to recall important details of the trauma
Markedly diminished interest in significant activities
Emotionally detached from others
Restricted range of affect
Sense of foreshortened future
Diagnostic Criteria Cont.
Persistent symptoms of increased nervous system arousal that were not present prior to the trauma, as indicated by at least TWO of the following:
Difficulty falling or staying asleep
Irritability or outbursts of anger
Difficulty concentrating
Hyper-vigilance
Exaggerated startle reactions to minimal stimuli
The disturbance causes clinically significant impairment in social, occupational, or other critical areas of living.
PTSD in Children
Bus kidnapping in Chowchilla, CA
30-50% of children will experience at least one traumatic event by the age of 18.
3-16% of boys and 1-6% of girls will develop PTSD.
The type of trauma will impact the likelihood of developing PTSD.
Nearly 100% if they see a parent killed or sexually assaulted.
Approximately 90% if the child ...
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CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
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International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
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Explore our infographic on 'Essential Metrics for Palliative Care Management' which highlights key performance indicators crucial for enhancing the quality and efficiency of palliative care services.
This visual guide breaks down important metrics across four categories: Patient-Centered Metrics, Care Efficiency Metrics, Quality of Life Metrics, and Staff Metrics. Each section is designed to help healthcare professionals monitor and improve care delivery for patients facing serious illnesses. Understand how to implement these metrics in your palliative care practices for better outcomes and higher satisfaction levels.
Health Education on prevention of hypertensionRadhika kulvi
Hypertension is a chronic condition of concern due to its role in the causation of coronary heart diseases. Hypertension is a worldwide epidemic and important risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke and renal diseases. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels and is sufficient to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest. Hypertension is sustained elevation of BP. In adults, HTN exists when systolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 140mmHg or diastolic BP is equal to or greater than 90mmHg. The
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
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4. The Series
• WEEK 1 – Understanding the Impact of Trauma
• WEEK 2 – The Effect of Trauma on the Lifespan
• WEEK 3 – The Effect of Trauma on the Body and Brain
• WEEK 4 – Body and Brain Connections for Staff
• WEEK 5 – Effects of Stress & Trauma on Organizations
• WEEK 6 - Integrating TIC Approach in Behavioral Health Settings
• Toolbox – Handouts
• Weekly Homework
6. A trauma-informed approach to the
delivery of behavioral health services
includes an understanding of trauma and
an awareness of the impact it can have
across settings, services, and populations.
It involves viewing trauma through an
ecological and cultural lens and
recognizing that context plays a
significant role in how individuals
perceive and process traumatic events,
whether acute or chronic.
7. Three key elements of a trauma-
informed approach:
• Realizing the prevalence of trauma;
• Recognizing how trauma affects all
individuals involved with the
program, organization, or system,
including its own workforce; and
• Responding by putting this
knowledge into practice
8. Creating Cultures of Trauma-Informed Care
CCTIC
Procedures
and
Settings
Formal
Services
Policies
Identifying &
Serving
Survivors
Support
from the
Top
Staff Training
and
Education
Human
Resources
Practices
(Fallot and Harris, 2009)
9. Definition of Trauma
Individual trauma results from:
• an event
• series of events or
• set of circumstances
experienced by an individual
as physically or emotionally
harmful or life-threatening with
lasting adverse effects on the
individual’s functioning and
mental, physical, social,
emotional, or spiritual well-
being.
10. The Pervasiveness of Trauma
• National community-based surveys find that between 55
and 90% of us have experienced at least one traumatic
event.
• Average - Individuals report that they have experienced
nearly five traumatic events in their lifetimes.
• Trauma is not the rare exception it was once considered. It
is our social reality.
(Fallot and Harris, 2009)
11. Understanding the Impact of Trauma
May be one-time, multiple, or
long-lasting repetitive events
Affects individuals differently
Many individuals will exhibit
resilient responses, brief
subclinical symptoms or
consequences that fall outside of
diagnostic criteria
Not all stressful experiences
involve trauma
12. •40 million children
worldwide are abused
each year.
•Abuse occurs at every
socioeconomic level,
across all ethnic and
cultural lines, within all
religions, and at every
level of education
Often trauma experiences
begin in childhood –
commonly with childhood
physical or sexual abuse
13. Long Term Health Consequences of Child
Physical, Emotional, and Neglect
• Evidence suggests a causal relationship between non-sexual child
maltreatment and a range of mental disorders:
• drug use,
• suicide attempts,
• sexually transmitted infections,
• risky sexual behavior
All forms of child maltreatment should be considered important risks to health
with a sizeable impact on major contributors to the burden of disease in all
parts of the world.
14. Examples of Possible Traumatic Experiences
• Physical abuse
• Emotional abuse
• Sexual abuse
• Hate Crimes
• Domestic abuse
• Gender-based violence
• Accidents/Injuries
• Crime (e.g. robbery)
• Terrorism
• War related experiences
• Natural Disasters
15. DISCUSSION – Chat Box
•In the individuals in your practice, what
percentage have experienced trauma
beginning in childhood?
•Physical
•Sexual
•Emotional and Psychological
•Neglect
16. Initial Reactions
Indicators of More
Severe Responses
• Continuous distress without
periods of relative calm or rest
• Severe dissociation symptoms
• Intense intrusive recollections
that continue despite a return
to safety
May Include:
• Exhaustion
• Confusion
• Sadness
• Anxiety, agitation
• Numbness, dissociation
• Physical arousal/somatization
• Blunted affect
SAMHSA TIP 57 –pp. 62-63, https://store.samhsa.gov/system/files/sma14-4816.pdf
18. Big “T” Trauma
• Qualifies for PTSD Diagnosis
• Less common
• Usually more serious in nature (e.g.
life-threatening accidents, assaults, or
injury, rape, sexual or physical abuse)
• Threats of serious physical injury,
death, or sexual violence
• Witnessing or learning about
events/threats
19. Little “t” Trauma
• Will not qualify for PTSD diagnosis
• Can still be scary or traumatic (e.g.
exposure to an abuser or substance
user in the family, legal issues,
divorce, conflicts with others, some
bullying/harassment)
• Not life-threatening for self or
another person
21. Fight-Flight-Freeze Response
Usually shuts off after the event is over
With PTSD, the stress response doesn’t know when to
quit
Hippocampus can wrongly assume that the individual is
in the situation again when confronted with a trigger
Sends message to the amygdala that it is time to “Go!”
24. ACUTE
One-time traumatic incident:
Car accident
Robbery
Rape
Natural disaster
CHRONIC
Event may occur over and
over; or layers of different
types of trauma
Domestic violence
Ongoing abuse
Human trafficking
Abuse, then a robbery,
then a car accident,
then….
COMPLEX
Multiple events
Wide-ranging, long-
term effects
Can disrupt many
aspects of child
development
Often interferes with
secure attachments
25. Common Responses/Reactions
• Nervous, jumpy, startle response
• Re-experiencing – memories,
images, sensory impressions
• Nightmares/sleep problems
• Avoidance/withdrawal
• Difficulty concentrating/paying
attention
• Hypervigilance
• Negative belief system – world is
unfair, violent, and/or unsafe
• Angry outbursts, aggression, or
defensiveness
• Attempts to numb with substances
• Excessive worry – safety for self
and others
• Emotional numbing/indifference
• Change in grades/school behaviors
• Defiance to authority/rules
• Increased impulsive and risk-taking
behaviors
• Repeated discussion of the event
and details of the event
• Reenactment
27. PTSD Diagnosis - DSM 5
Relocated from anxiety disorders category to:
Trauma and Stressor-related Disorders
Entails multiple other emotions – shame, guilt, anger
Criterion A – exposure to death, threatened death, actual or
threatened serious injury, or actual or threatened sexual violence
• Non-immediate, non-catastrophic life-threatening illness (e.g.
terminal cancer or medical incidents involving natural causes such
as a heart attack) no longer qualify as trauma, regardless of how
stressful or severe it is.
• Symptoms must be connected to a traumatic event to qualify for
PTSD - Begin or worsen due to the event
28. PTSD Diagnosis - DSM 5
4 Clusters
• Intrusion,
• Avoidance,
• Negative alterations in
cognition and mood,
• Alterations in arousal
and reactivity
Avoidance and
numbing symptoms
separated
At least one
avoidance symptom
now required
3 symptoms added
• Persistent negative
emotional state
• Persistent distorted
cognitions about the cause
or consequences of the
trauma leading to blame of
self or others
• Reckless or self-
destructive behavior (e.g.
substance use, self-harm,
reckless driving, etc.)
29. PTSD Diagnosis - DSM 5
Added:
• “persistent and exaggerated negative beliefs
or expectations about oneself, others, or the
world”
• “persistent inability to experience positive
emotions”
Separate criteria for children 6 and younger
New dissociative subtype
(e.g. flashbacks) which may occur on a continuum
from brief episodes to complete loss of
consciousness
children may re-enact the event in play
30. B. Involuntary Intrusive Symptoms- Need 1-5 symptoms
Images, thoughts, memories – dual
awareness is maintained
Dissociative Flashbacks – dual awareness
is not maintained
Dreams/Nightmares – may be difficult to
recognize the content
31. C. Avoidance Symptoms- 1 - 2 needed
Persistent effortful avoidance of distressing
trauma-related stimuli after the event
• Emotional avoidance
• Behavioral avoidance
Indicators of avoidance may include:
• Withdrawal/isolation
• Substance use
• Dissociating/suppressing memories
• Engagement in problematic behaviors Denial
32. D. Negative alterations in cognitions and mood that began or worsened after
the traumatic event (2/7 symptoms needed)
• Inability to recall key
features of the traumatic
event (not due to head
injury, alcohol or drugs)
• Persistent distorted negative
beliefs and expectations
• Persistent distorted blame
of self or others
• Persistent negative trauma-
related emotions
• Markedly diminished
interest in (pre-traumatic)
significant activities
• Feeling alienated from
others
• Constricted affect
33. Substance use, childhood traumatic experience, and
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in an urban civilian population
Examines the relationship
between childhood trauma,
substance use, and PTSD
in a sample of 587 urban
primary care patients
3Khoury et al, 20109% alcohol
34.1% cocaine
6.2% heroin/opiates
44.8% marijuana
A STUDY
34. Assumptions, Overgeneralizations &
Shattered Assumptions
• The world is benevolent – goodness in the
world
• The world is meaningful – the world makes
sense
• The self is worthy – good, capable, and moral
individuals
Janoff-Bulman, R, (1992) Shattered Assumptions –Towards a New Psychology of Trauma, Free Press
35. E. Trauma-related alterations in arousal and reactivity
that began or worsened after the traumatic event
(Need 2 - 6 symptoms)
• Irritable or aggressive behavior
• Self-destructive or reckless behavior (new)
• Hypervigilance
• Exaggerated startle response
• Problems in concentration
• Sleep disturbance
36. REMEMBER…
Many self-destructive behaviors can be
understood as symbolic or literal re-enactments of
the abuse or adaptations over time
Najavits – Normal responses to abnormal
events
Herman – Normal responses to extreme
circumstances
Moving from “What’s wrong with you” to “What
happened to you?
37. Disguised Presentations
• Physical symptoms
• Chronic insomnia
• Chronic anxiety
• Intractable depression
• Problematic relationships
• Substance use
• Memory gaps
• Eating disorders
• Impulsive risk taking
Prolonged, repeated
traumas = more difficult to
identify and assess,
especially if the traumas
began in childhood
38. Dissociative Subtype of PTSD
• Individual experiences high levels of
depersonalization or derealization (not due
to substances or medical issues)
• Depersonalization – outside observer of mind or
body, feeling like one is in a dream, sense of
unreality of self or body, time moving slowly
• Derealization – environment appears unreal,
dreamlike, distant, or distorted
• Not related to substance use or medical
conditions
39. Experiences that May Indicate Dissociation
• Gaps in memory
• Blackouts/lost time
• Changes in ability
• Unexplained possessions
• Lack of memory for life events
• Relationship changes that are puzzling
• Confusion about what is real
40. Experiences that may indicate DID
• “Coming to” in an unfamiliar place and not knowing how one got
there
• Long periods of time when the individual feels unreal, as though in a
dream
• Voices – all ages
• Speak of self as “we” or “us”
41. DES-II and DES Taxon
DES-II
http://traumadissociation.com/downloads/information/dissociativeexperiencesscale-ii.pdf
DES Taxon
https://www.isst-d.org › uploads › 2019/06 › DES-Taxon-scorer
42. Item # DES DES-T Depersonal/Dereal Amnesia Absorption/Imagination
Name: T 1
Date: 3/13/2018 0:00 2 0
3 0 0
INSTRUCTIONS 4 0
5 0 0
6 0
7 0 0
8 0 0
9
10 0
11 0
12 0 0
13 0 0
14 0
15 0
16 0
17 0
18 0
19
20 0
21
22 0 0
23 0
24
25 0
26 0
27 0 0
28 0
Average: #DIV/0! 0
Probability of taxon given X o Pt_x 0.00040 0.00 0 0.00
This spreadsheet calculates a single test-taker's score on the
Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES). It also caculates the
Bayesian probability that the test-taker belongs in the DES Taxon.
Cell E30 computes the DES score by taking the mean of all the DES
item scores. Cell F30, which is labeled as the "average DES-T," is
actually the sum of the scores on the eight taxon items, divided by
the DES score in Cell E30. This spreadsheet was written by Darryl
Perry, who specified that it is to remain in the public domain and that
its source code is to be distributed for free. The caculations in this
workshop are a translation of the SAS computer program that may be
found in the following article: Waller, N. G., & Ross, C. A. (1997). The
prevalence and biometric structure of pathological dissociation in the
general population: Taxometric and behavior genetic findings. Journal
of Abnormal Psychology, 106(4), 499-510.
Enter DES item scores in column E.
Results will automatically be calculated.
These three categories help furthertease outthe likelihood
of a dissociativedisorder. Those with amnesiaand
symptoms of intrusions of dissociative parts are more likely
to have a dissociative disorderthan are those who score
highermostly on absorption items.
44. Seeking Safety 25 Topics
Safety
Asking for Help
Setting Boundaries in Relationships
Healthy Relationships
Community Resources
Compassion
Recovery Thinking
Taking Good Care of Yourself
Coping with Triggers
Self-Nurturing
Red and Green Flags
Life Choices
45. Week 1 Learning Activity
Refer to the Handout and answer the following
questions:
1. How do you notice that someone has trauma
symptoms in your practice?
2. Why do you think it may be important to
understand trauma as a behavioral health
professional?
46. Resources
• Fallot and Harris, 2009
• Seeking Safety - Lisa Najavets
• Trauma & Recovery - Judith Herman
• Shattered Assumptions –Towards a New Psychology of Trauma -
Janoff-Bulman, R, (1992)
47. Acknowledgments
Kate Speck, Kate Speck, PhD MAC LADC
Pam Oltman, MS LIMHP LADC
Mountain Plains Addiction Technology Transfer Center (MPATTC)