This document discusses four research studies related to sexual abuse. The first study examines reasons why sexual abuse is rarely reported, finding that fear, humiliation, and doubts about the legal system are common reasons. The second study looks at prevalence of sexual abuse among youth, especially LGBTQ individuals. The third evaluates the psychosocial impacts of sexual abuse on adolescents. The fourth analyzes common feelings after abuse like powerlessness and stigmatization. Together these studies explore topics like reporting rates, prevalence, impacts, and experiences of sexual abuse.

1. 1
Tenea Lewis
SOCW 6301
Methodological Approach
September 27,2021
Identification of Research Question and Research Methodology
In the study “Top 10 Reasons People do not Report Sexual
Abuse” by the Dordulian Law Group, there is an indication that
when it comes to being sexually abused, raped, or sexually
assaulted, most individuals never lie or brag about the situation.
However, there has been the discovery that despite being
abused. Survivors tend to shun reporting abuse as a resul t of
fear and other personal issues, and other survivors consider
reporting to be humiliating and non-beneficial. This, therefore,
prompts the need to answer the question: Why is sexual abuse
so rarely reported? Reasons why sexual abuse is not always said
are established through qualitative data from organizations such
as the National Sexual Violence Resource. This analysis
revealed that individuals who did not report sexual abuse had

2. numerous reasons, including misconceptions in relation to the
available options, doubt in the system of the law, or the fear of
consequences from the perpetrators.
In the study “Sexual Assault in Adolescents” by Banvard-Fox et
al., the question that is addressed is: what is the prevalence of
sexual abuse among the youth? This is further conceptualized
by the viewpoint that 26.6 percent and 5.1 percent of seventeen-
year-old boys and girls in America. There was also a higher
prevalence of sexual abuse amongst individuals from the
LGBTQ community where there was the discovery that even as
one continues to grow, he still encounters undesired
implications of sexual abuse. This, therefore, leads to the
exhibition of sexual and physical violence in the future. There
is also the use of medical peer review items that further affirm
that prevention of sexual abuse of adolescents generates better
economic health and stability.
The study “Outcomes of Sexual Abuse” by Olusolami et al.
evaluates the burden of sexual abuse and the pressure it
generates upon the psychosocial well-being of adolescents. The
study had the objective of determining the preexistent
correlation between sexual abuse and self-perception amongst
teenagers and the determining factors of self-perception
amongst teenagers who have been sexually abused. This,
therefore, prompts the development of the question: What is the
overall consequence of the possible outcomes of sexual abuse
on adolescents’ homes and society at large? To establish the
preexistent relationships, there has been the utilization of a
systematic search of Science Direct, African Journals Online,
PubMed and Cochrane to establish research on sexual abuse and
its impacts on adolescents. There was the identification of 7278
studies where eight studies were seen to meet the merit of
selection. According to findings, sexual abuse was highly
prevalent.
The study “Why Don’t they Tell” by NCTSN portrays sexual
assault as a form of sexual activity that takes place without the
necessary consent. Sexual assault has been seen to take up many

3. forms, such as attempted rape, actual rape, sexual coercion,
sexual touching that is rather unwanted, and any form of sexual
contact with an individual. This study analyzes the question:
what are the feelings one encounters after going through sexual
abuse? The research generated from numerous sources further
affirms that sexual assault may cause traumatic feelings such as
powerlessness, stigmatization, betrayal, and traumatic
sexualization.
In the study “Presumption of Sexual Abuse in Children and
Adolescents: Vulnerability of Pregnancy before 14 years” by
Silva et al., the question that is addressed is: what are the
instances of sexual abuse as demonstrated by mothers of up to
13 years of age? The study conducted was quantitative and was
retrieved from Maceió, where data from the Brazilian Live Birth
Information System from 2009 to 2017 I utilized in analyzing
crimes of sexual abuse against those deemed vulnerable.
Conclusion: there was the conclusion that pregnancy and
marriage are highly prevalent among girls under 14 years of
age, and therefore, health professionals demonstrated scarcity in
the filing of reports.
References
Banvard-Fox, C., Linger, M., Paulson, D. J., Cottrell, L., &

4. Davidov, D. M. (2020). Sexual Assault in Adolescents. Primary
Care: Clinics in Office Practice, 47(2), 331–349.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pop.2020.02.010
Okunlola, O. B., Odukoya, J. A., & Gesinde, A. M. (2020).
Outcomes of sexual abuse on self-esteem among adolescents: A
systematic review. Cogent Social Sciences, 7(1), 1856296.
https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2020.1856296
Silva, A. J. C. D., Trindade, R. F. C. D., & Oliveira, L. L. F. D.
(2020). Presumption of sexual abuse in children and
adolescents: vulnerability of pregnancy before 14 years. Revista
brasileira de enfermagem, 73.
Top 10 Reasons People Do Not Report Sexual Abuse. (2020,
September 22). Dordulian Law Group.
https://www.dlawgroup.com/reasons-people-do-not-report-
sexual-abuse/
Why Don’t They Tell? Teens and Sexual Assault Disclosure
Why Don’t They Tell? Teens and Sexual Assault Disclosure 1
Teen Sexual Assault. (n.d.).
https://www.nctsn.org/sites/default/files/resources/fact-
sheet/why_dont_they_tell_teens_and_sexual_assault_disclosure.
pdf
ACCT 3303
Access Assignment Using Microsoft Access
The purpose of this assignment is to help you gain a basic
understanding of both MS Access and relational database
concepts. You are to create tables, forms, queries, and reports
for a database that deals with accounting service billing.
Instructions for Microsoft Access 2019/365 are given in these
instructions. You may use another version; however, you will
need to be able to adjust the instructions.

5. Special Note: All examples contained in these project notes are
for illustrative purposes only. Your data (with the exception of
the service table) should not look like the examples or the data
of any other student.
Create an Access Database: After starting MS Access 2019/365,
click the Blank Database icon near the top of the right frame.
Change the filename in the pop-up window textbox. Name your
database as follows: xxx_Billing.accdb (where xxx represents
your first initial and last name. For example, I would name my
database SHenderson_Billing.accdb). Click on the folder icon
to the right of the textbox to select the folder location of your
database. Then click the Create button.
Create Tables: When your database first opens, you should see
Table1 by default. Click the View icon (top left of the icon
ribbon on the Home tab) and name your table as specified on the
next page (i.e. the first table should be named Service). If you
do not see Table1 or if you are ready to create another table,
click the Create tab, then the Table icon followed by the View
icon.
The Field Name should be input as described below and the
Data Type should be selected from the drop-down list in the top
section of the Table window. The Field Size, the Caption, Input
Masks, Validation Rules and Validation Text, and any other
required information (see comment column for additional
information) should be input in the Field Properties section of
the Table window. See the figure below and the information on
the next page.
Important: Do not forget to enter captions.

6. Service table:
Field Name
Data Type
Field Size
Caption
Comments
ServID
Short Text
3
Service ID
Primary Key
Description
Short Text
25
Description
Rate
Currency
Rate
Validation Rule:
· Rate – limit rates to between $100 and $500 inclusive.
(Between 100 And 500)*.
· Don’t forget the Validation Text!
To create the remaining tables, on the Create ribbon select the
Table icon and then click the View icon.
ClientType table:

7. Field Name
Data Type
Field Size
Caption
Comments/Other
ClientTypeID
Short Text
3
Client Type ID
Primary Key
ClientTypeDesc
Short Text
25
Client Type Description
Billing table:
Field Name
Data Type
Field Size
Caption
Comments/Other
TransNo
AutoNumber
Transaction Number
Primary Key/ (Transaction Number)
BillingDate
Date/Time
Billing Date
Format = Short Date
ClientID
Short Text

8. 5
Client ID
Foreign Key
ServID
Short Text
3
Service ID
Foreign Key
HoursBilled
Number
Double
Hours Billed
Client table:
Field Name
Data Type
Field Size
Caption
Comments/Other
ClientID
Short Text
5
Client ID
Primary Key, 5 digit number
ClientTypeID
Short Text
3
Client Type ID
Foreign Key
ClientName
Short Text
40
Client Name

9. Address
Short Text
50
Address
City
Short Text
25
City
State
Short Text
2
State
Default Value = "TX"
Zip
Short Text
10
Zip Code
Zip Code Input Mask (Click on at end of text box)
Phone
Short Text
15
Phone Number
Phone Number Input Mask
Validation Rules *:
· ClientID – (Like “#####”)*. Must be a 5-digit number. - Don’t
forget the Validation Text!
*Note: the validation rule is inside the parentheses. Be sure you
don’t include the parentheses ( ) in your validation rule. Your
import will not work if this is done incorrectly.
Import a table: Create an Excel worksheet similar to one below.

10. Be sure your column headings are exactly like the ones you
created in your table. ClientTypeIDs will be assigned later.
Client data: You should have at least 40 customers in 4 different
Client Types such as individuals, partnerships, corporations,
etc. Zip codes and phone numbers should only include numbers.
Note: Your data must be unique to your project. Do not copy my
client data nor that of a classmate.
Excel worksheet.
Close your Excel worksheet before continuing.
Click on the External Data tab. On the ribbon, in the Import &
Link group, click on the Excel icon. Browse to find the Excel
file you created. Select the Append a copy… option and select
the Client table from the drop-down list. Click OK to continue.
The next window will show your data as shown below. Make
sure it looks right before proceeding. If there are problems
cancel the import and correct your headings and data in your
Excel worksheet before starting the import process again. If
everything looks correct, click Next to continue. Make sure
Client is showing in the Import to Table: textbox then click
Finish. Click Close on the Save Import Steps window.
Open the Client table and make sure the data imported
correctly.
Close all open tables before continuing with the next step or
you will not be able to set up the relationships properly. . If the
process is not successful, the most common issue is with the

11. validation rules you set up at the end of Page 2. If not set up
correctly, the validation rule will cause the import to fail.
Create Relationships and Relationships Report: Set up
relationships to link your foreign keys to the appropriate
primary keys. Click the Database Tools tab and then click the
Relationships icon. A popup box should appear with a list of all
tables in your database. Select each one and then close the box.
You can rearrange the tables by clicking and dragging them to
where you want them. Set up relationships by clicking and
holding the primary key in the Service table. Drag and drop on
ServID in the Billing table. Verify that the specified tables and
field names are as desired. Click on the Enforce Referential
Integrity check box and then on the Create button. Do the same
for the Primary Key in the Client table. Finally, link the Client
Type table to the Client table using the primary key of the
Client Type table. If a relationship does not appear to be
correct, delete it and start over. The resulting relationships
should look similar to the following:
Click on the Relationships Report icon on the Tools Ribbon
(Design tab). Click the Close Print Preview icon on the right
side of the Ribbon. Now your screen should be showing the
report in the Design View. Change the report title to include
your first and last name similar to below:
Save the report. The default name (Relationships for
xxx_Billing) is fine.
Close any open Tables or Reports.

12. Create Forms: Create 4 data entry forms for the 4 tables
previously created. To create a form for the Service table, click
the Service table, click the Create tab and then click the Form
icon. A form like the one below should appear.
If at any point you get the following warning, click the Enable
Content button.
Notice that the form includes a subform. Click on this subform
and delete it.
Change the name of the form to Service form. Choose the
Layout View if you are not already in that view from the View
drop-down view list. Click in the title box on your form and
type in the new name. Also check the remaining labels on the
form to make sure they appear correctly. If not, make any
needed changes. You should not be showing any abbreviated
field names such as ServID (or words that run together such as
ClientName) in the forms. You may also make, if you wish,
your field sizes appear smaller by clicking and dragging the
edge of the text boxes to the left. Your form should appear as
below. Save your form as Service Maintenance Form.
Create the Client Type form as you did above making sure you
delete the subform. Change the title to Client Type Maintenance
For and save the form as ClientType.
Create the Client form making sure you delete the subform.
Save the form as Client.

13. Now replace the Client Type text box with a combo box. Click
on the Client Type ID text box and press the delete key. Click
the Combo-Box (Controls) icon (see figure below).
Click on the space left by the text box you deleted previously.
Once you do this, a Combo Box Wizard will open. Choose the
default “I want the combo box to get the values from another
table or query” option and click Next.
On the next screen select the ClientType table and click Next.
On the next screen, from the Available Fields
click the button to move both fields to the Selected Fields, then
click Next.
On the next screen concerning sort order, select ClientTypeDesc
from the first drop down list, make sure Ascending is showing
and click Next and Next again on the next screen.
On the next screen (see figure below), select the “Store that
value in this field:” option. In the drop-down box, select
ClientTypeID and click Next.
On the next screen, Type Client Type ID in the text box and
click the Finish button.

14. Your form should appear with a combo-box as show below.
(your data will be different)
Save and close your Client form.
Create a Billing form as outlined in the steps above. The form
title should be Hours Billed. Create two (2) combo boxes on the
Hours Billed form for the Client ID and the Service ID.
Client ID: Choose the default “I want the combo box to look up
the values in a table or query” option and Click the Next button.
Choose the Client table from the Tables list. You should choose
the Client table for the Client ID combo box and click the Next
button. Select the ClientID and ClientName from the Available
Fields and click the button to move the fields to the Selected
Fields then click Next.
On the next screens, you can sort your data by ClientName and
change the size of the column if you wish, then click the Next
button on each screen. On the final screen make sure you select
the “Store that value in this field:” and choose ClientID from
the drop-down list before clicking the Next button. Name your
combo box so the appropriate label will appear on your form.
Service ID: Choose the default “I want the combo box to look
up the values in a table or query” option and Click the Next
button. Choose the Service table from the Tables list. You
should choose the Client table for the Client ID combo box and
click the Next button. Select the ServID and Description from
the Available Fields and click the button to move the fields to

15. the Selected Fields then click Next.
On the next screens, you can sort your data by Description and
change the size of the column if you wish, then click the Next
button on each screen. On the final screen make sure you select
the “Store that value in this field:” and choose ServID from the
drop-down list before clicking the Next button. Name your
combo box so the appropriate label will appear on your form.
Your form should appear similar to the one below. You will
have no data showing in the combo boxes as you have not
entered any data in your tables.
Save and close your Hours Billed form.
Enter Data: Use the forms you have created to enter data.
Note:Make up your data. Your data should not be like the
examples used in this tutorial or the same as another
classmate’s data.
*** Important Note: To prevent problems with data entry, you
should populate the tables with data in the following order:
Service, ClientType, Client, and Billing.
Service data: You should have three ServIDs: ACO, COS, and
TAS. The corresponding Descriptions should be as follows:
ACO – Accounting Services
COS – Consulting Services
TAS – Tax Services.
Enter your own rates for each service type following the
validation rules set up in the table.

16. ClientType data: You should have at least six client types.
Suggested clients types follow:
ClientTypeID
ClientTypeDesc
IDI
Individual
SPO
Sole Proprietor
PAT
Partnership
COR
Corporation
LLC
Limited Liability Company
EST
Estates and Trusts
OTH
Other
Client data: As you imported your data from an Excel worksheet
without Client Type IDs, you will need to navigate to each
record in your Client form and select the appropriate type of
Client Type. Make sure you have at least four (4) client types.
Add three (2) more clients using your Client form. To quickly
get to a blank record, click the New (blank) record icon at the
bottom of your form.
Billing data: Enter billing data for 6 work weeks (30 days;
Monday – Friday). Keep in mind the number of work hours in a
day should be reasonable. You should enter billing hours for all
of your clients at least twice once during the 6 weeks and use
all 3 of your services. At least half of the clients (20) should be
billed at least three times. At a minimum, that will require you
to make at least 100 billing entries.

17. Create Queries: Create the following queries. Click the Create
tab and then click the Query Design icon. Select the appropriate
tables needed for your query, click the Add button and close the
Show Table window. The tables you select depend on what
results the query needs to show.
Move the fields from the top panel where your tables are
showing to the Field row of bottom panel where you build your
query by dragging the field or by double-clicking on the field
name. Alternatively, you can select the field name from the
drop-down box in the Field row in the bottom panel.
You can also create new fields as shown in the first query. Add
any sorting, filtering, or other selection criteria to your query.
Next you want to run your query to see if it gives you the
correct results. The run button can be found in the Results
section of the Design ribbon. If the results are unexpected, you
can go back and refine your query until you have the data you
need.
Amount Billed by Date: Create a query showing the Billing
Date, Client Name, Service ID, Hours Billed, Rate, and Total
Billed. The results should be sorted in ascending order by
BillingDate and ServID. Total Billed should be calculated as
follows: Total Billed: [HoursBilled] * [Rate]. With the Total
Billed column in the Query Design View selected, click the
Property Sheet icon (Design Tab) at the top of the window and
choose the Currency format from the drop-down box (see
below).
Save the query as Amount Billed by Date. Your results should
be similar to the following when you run the query.

18. Amount Billed by Client Type: Create a query showing the
Client Type Description, Client Name, Service ID, Hours
Billed, Rate, and Total Billed. The results should be sorted in
ascending order by ClientTypeDesc and ClientName. Total
Billed should be calculated as follows: Total Billed:
[HoursBilled] * [Rate]. With the Total Billed column in the
Query Design View selected, click the Property Sheet icon
(Design Tab) at the top of the window and choose the Currency
format from the drop-down box (see previous query).
Your results should be similar to the following when you run
the query. Save the query as Amount Billed by Client Type.
Create Reports: Prepare the following reports by selecting the
appropriate table or query and clicking the Create Tab followed
by the Report icon.
Important Notes: The appearance of your reports may be
different from the examples provided in this tutorial. If you
want to get rid of the default lines, select all of the data by
holding the control key down and clicking the top field in each
column. Click on the Property Sheet icon and select the Format
tab, find the Border Style property and select Transparent. You
can also get rid of alternating row colors by clicking on the
Detail bar in the Design View and selecting No Color in the
Alternate Back Color property.
Also, make sure you look at all of your data in the report. If any
data is not showing fully, just click on the cell and resize the
orange box until all of your data is showing.
Amount Billed by Client Type: This Report is based on the

19. Amount Billed by Client Type Query and should be Grouped on
ClientType and totaled on Total Billed and also Grouped on
ClientName and totaled on TotalBilled. Be sure to include
Grand Totals for both groupings. See grouping information
below:
See the example report below (shown in Report View):
Amount Billed by Date: This Report should be based on the
Amount Billed by Date Query and should be Grouped on
BillingDate and totaled on HoursBilled and Total Billed.

20. HoursBilled and TotalBilled should look similar to the above
pop up window screenshots.
As shown above, the grouping will result in the dates showing
for each individual row under each date. My screenshot does not
show this. It is acceptable to have the date for each line as well
as the header date, but you can hide the dates. There are likely
multiple methods to do this, but I just changed the font color
and removed the alternate row color. To remove the alternate
row color, go to the Design View and click on the BillDate
Header bar and open the Property Sheet. For the Alternate Back
Color property on the Format tab, select No Color from the
drop-down list. Do the same for the BillingDate Footer. In the
Detail section click on the BillingDate field and on the Property
Sheet Fore Color property and click the ellipsis button and
select the white color option.
(Continued on next page)
Client List: Create a client list report based on a client list
query (Hint: you will need to create a new query). The Report
should be grouped by Client Type and sorted by Client Name
(Group & Sort icon on the Design tab). You will need to change
the field sizes and make sure your report prints in the landscape
layout (Page Setup Tab). Change the field sizes in the Design
View and the layout to landscape in the Print Preview view. See
the example figures below:

21. See the example below (shown in Print Preview):
ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS:
1. Create queries to answer the following questions: Query will
be named by requirement (ex – 1a)
a. What was the average amount billed per transaction? (This
query should return a single number.)
b. What was the average amount billed for each service type?
(Sort descending by Description)
c. What was the average amount billed per client type? (This
query should return a single number per client type.)
2. Create the following query and report: Query will be named
the same as the report name
a. Amount Billed by Client. Include the following in your
report: Client Name, Transaction Number, Billing Date, Hours
Billed, Due Date (assuming due date is 15 days after the billing
date), and the Amount Billed. Total on the Amount Billed for
each client and include a grand total. Group by Client and sort
by Transaction Number.
*** Before turning in your file, be sure to compact the database.
From the menu bar, select File. In the Info section, click on
Compact & Repair. ***
DELIVERABLE:
1. Upload your database file (xxx_Billing.accdb) to Canvas.
Any assignments turned in after the due date/time are subject to
a 20% penalty for each day it is late.
IMPORTANT REMINDER: This is an individual
project.Identical or close to identical submissions constitute

22. academic dishonesty and can have serious consequences in
addition to a zero on the project. If you need help with this
project, you should seek the help of the instructor rather than
other students (including tutors).
1