1.) In some forms of epigenetic modification, when a gene is “marked.pdf
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1.) In some forms of epigenetic modification, when a gene is “marked”, a.) its expression is semi-permanently altered. b.) it is tagged for deletion. c.) its genetic code is temporarily modified. d.) all of the above 2.)A case in which Littorina snails upregulate shell deposition and develop a thicker shell when crabs are present is an example of: a.) seasonal polyphenism b.) phenotypic plasticity c.) genomic imprinting d.) amplification Solution 1. (a) its expression is semi-permanently altered. 2. (b) Phenotypic plasticity Phenotypic plasticity refers to the ability of a genotype to exhibit alternative morphological, behavioral and physiological characteristics in response to environmental condition. Inducible defenses are a ubiquitous form of plasticity that involve the production of chemicals, morphologies, or behaviors by prey species in response to predator cues. These changes reduce prey vulnerability to inducing predators or herbivores..
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Phenotypic plasticity
Evolution is the process of change in inherited characteristics of living things over generations. All life on Earth descended from a common ancestor. Phenotypic plasticity refers to changes in an organism's traits in response to the environment, allowing them to adapt to varying conditions within their lifespan. It can provide an evolutionary advantage for immobile organisms like plants or traits influenced by predictable environmental changes. Examples of phenotypic plasticity include plants altering photosynthesis or growth in response to water stress, and gray wolves expressing different behaviors based on climate.
phenotypicplasticity-200425561031518.pdf
Evolution is the process of change in inherited characteristics of living things over generations. All life on Earth descended from a common ancestor. Phenotypic plasticity refers to changes in an organism's traits in response to the environment, allowing them to adapt to varying conditions within their lifespan. It can include changes in behavior, morphology, and physiology. Plasticity is important for immobile organisms like plants to adapt, while mobile animals can sometimes move to more suitable environments. Plasticity is considered an evolutionary adaptation to reasonably predictable and temporary environmental changes that benefit an organism's survival and reproduction.
Lec 2_3_Biodiversity.ppt
This document discusses several key topics related to biodiversity and genetic diversity:
1. It outlines three scales of biodiversity - genetic diversity within species, species diversity in ecosystems, and ecosystem diversity across regions.
2. It then describes four levels of genetic diversity - allelic diversity within genes, differences in entire genes, chromosomal changes, and epigenetic factors.
3. Phenotypic plasticity and genotype-environment interactions are explored, noting how reaction norms can show plasticity or crossover effects between genotypes in different conditions.
4. Several genetic models for explaining genotype-environment interactions are summarized, including overdominance, pleiotropy, epistasis, linkage, and epigenesis.
Species of Drosophila that live only in wet tropical habitat.pdf
Species of Drosophila that live only in wet tropical habitats have little or no genetic variation that
would allow them to adapt to cool and dry habitats. This is an example of epistasis. an
evolutionary constraint. directional selection. an evolutionary trade-off. Question 38 2 pts
Heritabilitho the proportion of variation in a trait, across populations, that is due to genetic variation
between the populations. a number that indicates whether natural selection can act on a certain
trait. the proportion of variation in a trait that is due to different environments. the proportion of a
trait that is due to genes rather than to environment.In artificial selection. we can use the to predict
how much evolutionary change will result from selective breeding. adaptive landscape. correlation
coefficient. fitness function, breeder's equation. Question 36 2 pts An evolutfonary biologist is
studying two traits in a hypothetical population. After causing a selective pressure, the mean of
both traits have increased. This suggests the two traits are located at different locations on the
genome. are correlated. are not correlated. are controlled by epistasis.Genetic correlations can
occur through pleiotropy and linkage disequilibrium. Pieiotropy only linkage disequilibrium only
Recombination Question 34 In juvenile yale song sparrows, birds with low body mass survive best
if they have short wings, while heavy birds survive best if they have long wings. Selection of this
sort, which favors combinations of traits, is called a. disruptive selection. b. stabilizing selection d
correlational selection. c phenotypic selection.Researchers studying natural selection in horned
lizards compared the horn lengths of living lizards with those of lizards they found impaled by
shrikes. From these data, the researchers were able to estimate how relative survival varies with
horn length. A plot of survival against horn length is an example of a character displacement.
adaptive radiation. Fitness function normal distribution. Question 32 2 pts A certain species of land
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2. Heritable variation occurs through mutations, which are stable changes to the microbe's genes, and recombinations like transformation, transduction, and conjugation. Mutations can involve changes to a single DNA base pair or larger duplications and deletions.
3. Important genetic elements in microbes include plasmids, which can confer new functions, and transposons, which can move genetic material within and between genomes. Gene engineering and biotechnology make use of the genetic properties
NPR publication 2004
This review discusses approaches for identifying, cloning, and expressing bioactive metabolite genes from symbiotic microbes associated with marine invertebrates. It presents criteria for proving a symbiotic origin of bioactive compounds, including correlating the presence of a persistent symbiotic microbe with a bioactive compound. Techniques are outlined for localizing compounds, identifying symbiotic microbes, and investigating their genomes to find biosynthetic genes. Specifically, the review discusses cloning biosynthetic genes from symbiotic microbes, expressing the genes in cultured cells, and using the genes to produce bioactive compounds that may have medical applications. The marine invertebrate Bugula neritina and its symbiotic bacterium Endobugula
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The passage describes several ecological concepts and methods used to study plant and animal populations and communities, including:
1) Factors that influence species distributions such as temperature, water, light, soil pH, salinity, and nutrients are outlined.
2) Random quadrat sampling and transect methods to study and compare population sizes and distributions are explained.
3) The niche concept including an organism's habitat, feeding activities, and interactions is defined.
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Phenotypic plasticity
Evolution is the process of change in inherited characteristics of living things over generations. All life on Earth descended from a common ancestor. Phenotypic plasticity refers to changes in an organism's traits in response to the environment, allowing them to adapt to varying conditions within their lifespan. It can provide an evolutionary advantage for immobile organisms like plants or traits influenced by predictable environmental changes. Examples of phenotypic plasticity include plants altering photosynthesis or growth in response to water stress, and gray wolves expressing different behaviors based on climate.
phenotypicplasticity-200425561031518.pdf
Evolution is the process of change in inherited characteristics of living things over generations. All life on Earth descended from a common ancestor. Phenotypic plasticity refers to changes in an organism's traits in response to the environment, allowing them to adapt to varying conditions within their lifespan. It can include changes in behavior, morphology, and physiology. Plasticity is important for immobile organisms like plants to adapt, while mobile animals can sometimes move to more suitable environments. Plasticity is considered an evolutionary adaptation to reasonably predictable and temporary environmental changes that benefit an organism's survival and reproduction.
Lec 2_3_Biodiversity.ppt
This document discusses several key topics related to biodiversity and genetic diversity:
1. It outlines three scales of biodiversity - genetic diversity within species, species diversity in ecosystems, and ecosystem diversity across regions.
2. It then describes four levels of genetic diversity - allelic diversity within genes, differences in entire genes, chromosomal changes, and epigenetic factors.
3. Phenotypic plasticity and genotype-environment interactions are explored, noting how reaction norms can show plasticity or crossover effects between genotypes in different conditions.
4. Several genetic models for explaining genotype-environment interactions are summarized, including overdominance, pleiotropy, epistasis, linkage, and epigenesis.
Species of Drosophila that live only in wet tropical habitat.pdf
Species of Drosophila that live only in wet tropical habitats have little or no genetic variation that
would allow them to adapt to cool and dry habitats. This is an example of epistasis. an
evolutionary constraint. directional selection. an evolutionary trade-off. Question 38 2 pts
Heritabilitho the proportion of variation in a trait, across populations, that is due to genetic variation
between the populations. a number that indicates whether natural selection can act on a certain
trait. the proportion of variation in a trait that is due to different environments. the proportion of a
trait that is due to genes rather than to environment.In artificial selection. we can use the to predict
how much evolutionary change will result from selective breeding. adaptive landscape. correlation
coefficient. fitness function, breeder's equation. Question 36 2 pts An evolutfonary biologist is
studying two traits in a hypothetical population. After causing a selective pressure, the mean of
both traits have increased. This suggests the two traits are located at different locations on the
genome. are correlated. are not correlated. are controlled by epistasis.Genetic correlations can
occur through pleiotropy and linkage disequilibrium. Pieiotropy only linkage disequilibrium only
Recombination Question 34 In juvenile yale song sparrows, birds with low body mass survive best
if they have short wings, while heavy birds survive best if they have long wings. Selection of this
sort, which favors combinations of traits, is called a. disruptive selection. b. stabilizing selection d
correlational selection. c phenotypic selection.Researchers studying natural selection in horned
lizards compared the horn lengths of living lizards with those of lizards they found impaled by
shrikes. From these data, the researchers were able to estimate how relative survival varies with
horn length. A plot of survival against horn length is an example of a character displacement.
adaptive radiation. Fitness function normal distribution. Question 32 2 pts A certain species of land
snail exists as either a cream color or a solid brown color, Intermediate individuals are relatively
rare. Which of the following selection resulted in this? Artificial selection. Stabilizing selection.
Disruptive selection. Directional selection..
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2. Heritable variation occurs through mutations, which are stable changes to the microbe's genes, and recombinations like transformation, transduction, and conjugation. Mutations can involve changes to a single DNA base pair or larger duplications and deletions.
3. Important genetic elements in microbes include plasmids, which can confer new functions, and transposons, which can move genetic material within and between genomes. Gene engineering and biotechnology make use of the genetic properties
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1) Factors that influence species distributions such as temperature, water, light, soil pH, salinity, and nutrients are outlined.
2) Random quadrat sampling and transect methods to study and compare population sizes and distributions are explained.
3) The niche concept including an organism's habitat, feeding activities, and interactions is defined.
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D the uievival and reproduction of incividuals is pot random- II- In a.pdf
D the uievival and reproduction of incividuals is pot random. II. In an eccuysteen, ficfors auch as
food supply. climate, and predator population are keown as which of the Follawiag? A.
Fivolutionary catatystc. B. Selestion prestures, C. Darwin'y tules: D. Survival of the fictest. 12. A
bacteriologist places an antibkic ifrut in a preni dish centaining a strain of F . colf bacierin, Hlow
is this. likely to affoct the bacterial populaticen? A. The Aacteria will sense the need to develop a
resiutance to the antitiotis, which they will pass on to the resultiog genctation. 8. The initial
sirain will be able to develop a resiitance, but since it will not change the geretic code, the next
yeneration wiat be vulnerable to it and die eut. C. The aatibiotie will always kill the entife
perpulation of bacteria. D. Existing variants that are more resistance to the antibsetle will savive
and maltiply, and eventually the revalting population will becume resistant. 33. A fish biologist
colkets guppies from a stream with predators that loyy in on bright coloring and place them in a
stream that lacks prodators. Which of the following codld be predicted to occur? A. Crippies
would bocome more colorful. 1i. Ginppies would becoune less colorflal. C. Geppics would not
change is coloration. D. Cuppies would evolve to have females prefer less colorful males. 34.
Which of these cotiditions should completely prevent the occurrence af natural selection in a
popalation ower tirtic? A. All variation between individuais is doe oaly to enviroumental factors.
B. The environment is changing at a relatively show rate. C. The population sive is large. D. The
population lives in a hathitat where there are few pecdators pecsent. 35. Given a population chat
contains genctic variation, what is the correct sequence of the followinge events, under the
influence of natural seloctioa? 1. Well-adapted individuals leave more oflspring than poorly
adapted individuals. 2. A change occurs in the emvironment. 3. Gehetic frequencies within the
popelation change. 4. Poorly adapted individuals have decreased survivorship. A , 2 4 1 3 B. 4 2
1 3 C : 4 1 2 3 D. 2 4 3 1 36. Neutraf alleles are those that do not alter fitness; the average
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A. TrueB. False 37. Humans are among the most genetically diverse species on the planet. A.
True B. False 38. Which ot the following best describes somatic line mutations? A. Most are
beneficinl to the organism, but not the offspring, B. Most are passed on to the offspring. C. Most
do not pass on to the offispring. D. Most occur in plants, but not in animtats. 39. A single
mutation affects multiple traits through which process? A. Epistasis, B. Gene duplication. C.
Pleiotropy, D. Recombination. nitinatien 1) Surv nul of she fitent. A. Giegeres woplat bopume
move coloefial. 11. Cuppiesi woind hecone kesi colortit. timeit C. The porulation siotis Laree. 1).
The popul.
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Evolution and natural_selection
This document provides an overview of evolution and natural selection. It defines evolution as change over time in a population's gene frequency and natural selection as the process by which organisms best adapted to the environment survive and reproduce more. The document describes Darwin's theory of natural selection in four steps - overproduction, variation, competition, and selection. It also lists five pieces of evidence that support the theory of evolution: common descent, the fossil record, comparative anatomy, embryology, and genetic evidence.
1.The first is, “Why worry Extinction is natural. Species have been.pdf
1.The first is, “Why worry? Extinction is natural. Species have been dying out through more than
3 billion years of history without permanent harm to the biosphere. Evolution has always
replaced extinct species with new ones.”
ANSWER IN 1-2 PARAGRAPH
2. The second stage of denial usually emerges as, “Why rush to save all the species right now?
We have more important things to do. Why not keep live specimens in zoos and botanical
gardens and return them to the wild later?\"
Answer in 1-2 paragraph
Solution
Ques-1: 1.The first is, “Why worry? Extinction is natural. Species have been dying out through
more than 3 billion years of history without permanent harm to the biosphere. Evolution has
always replaced extinct species with new ones.” ANSWER IN 1-2 PARAGRAPH
Answer:
Evolution has always replaced extinct species with new ones. The evolution of new species &
extinction of species on the biosphere is mainly depends on the \"environmental factors\",
predation-prey factors, mutations & these are going to be induced in the individual cellular
genome either by migration or genetic drift. Sometimes, these genetic variations are leading to
incidence of speciation so that evolution of new species occur sometimes, may leading to
extinction due to low fitness (higher incidence of deleterious recessive alleles due to
interbreeding). Sometimes, inbreeding depression is result in loss of heterozygosity in a
population so species result in extinction of species. This inbreeding is natural so that extinction
is natural. Individuals often develop favorable traits of these eyespots to escape from predators
via natural selection & genetic variations in the successive generations with evolution of new
traits in the new species as an evolutionary adaptation to attain adequate offspring fitness and to
struggle for the existence..
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In the formula for determining a populations genotype frequencies, .pdf
In the formula for determining a population\'s genotype frequencies, the pq in the term 2pq is
necessary because the population is diploid. heterozygotes can come about in two ways. the
population is doubling in number. heterozygotes have two alleles. What is the founder effect? a
selection of the best-suited traits for the environment a series of chance events that change allele
frequency when a few individuals become isolated from a larger population, and their gene pool
differs from that source population a sudden change in the environment that reduces the size of
the population Which of the following activities occurs first in order to begin speciation? single
gene change formation of mechanical barrier to reproduction postzygotic hybrid sterility in
Drosophila interruption of gene flow between two populations A genetic change that caused a
certain Hox gene to be expressed along the tip of a vertebrate limb bud instead of farther back
helped make possible the evolution of the tetrapod limb. This type of change is illustrative of the
influence of environment on development. paedomorphosis. A change in a developmental gene
or in its regulation that altered the spatial organization of body parts. heterochrony. Which of
the following statements about dinoflagellates is true? They possess two flagella. All known
varieties are autotrophic. Their walls are usually composed of silica plates. Many types lack
mitochondria. Their dead cells accumulate on the seafloor and are mined to serve as a filtering
material.
Solution
Ans. 6: pq in the term 2pq is necessary because heterozygoted have two alleles, hence option D
is correct.
Ans. 7: Founder\'s effect is when few individuals separate from large population and their gene
pool differs from source population. Hence option C is correct.
Ans. 8: interruption of gene flow between two population is first step for speciation hence option
D is correct.
Ans. 9: the given process is best explained by option C.
Ans. 10: option E is more correct amongst the given options..
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Bacteria Structure, Cell wall, Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, Ribosomes.pptx
Bacteria typically consist of a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, DNA, and sometimes flagella or pili for movement and attachment. They lack membrane-bound organelles like those found in eukaryotic cells. The cell wall provides structure and protection, while the cell membrane regulates what enters and exits the cell.
Compare and contrast protein import into the ER and into the nucleus.pdf
Compare and contrast protein import into the ER and into the nucleus. List at least two major
differences in the mechanisms and speculate on why the nuclear mechanism might not work for
ER import.
Solution
The Proteins are imported into the nucleus from the cytoplasm only after thay have been
synthesized,folded and properly assembled into complexes. They carry a sequence of amino
acids that acts as a tag called as Nuclear localization signals (NLS) ,bound by importins. In
contrast, all the unfolded polypeptide chains will be imported or translocated into ER as they are
been made by the ribosomes. Though ribosomes function in the cytosol they are assembled in the
nucleus where as the enzyme complexes function in the nucleus and assembles in the cytosol.
But, both these ribosomes and enzyme complexes are transported through a nuclear pore intact.
These Nuclear pores are gates, always opened for small molecules; in contrast, translocation
channels in the ER membrane will be normally closed and open only after the ribosome has
attached to the membrane. The ER membrane remains impermeable to small molecules during
the translocation process, as the ER is a major store for Ca2+ ions in the cell, and Ca2+ ions
released into the cytosol must be tightly controlled.
Nuclear localization signals (NLS) are not cleaved off after the protein is imported into the
nucleus; in contrast, ER signal peptides are usually cleaved off.
Nuclear localization signals (NLS) are needed inorder to reimport nuclear proteins repeatedly
after they have been released into the cytosol i.e during mitosis, when the nuclear envelop breaks
down..
Discuss some of the various ways MySQL allows you to explore a datab.pdf
Discuss some of the various ways MySQL allows you to explore a database and it\'s architecture.
Solution
The CLI mysql utility combined with 14.7.5 SHOW Syntax is one of the way to get most
information from MySQL.
Sometimes there is a need to query tables in system databases like information_schema, mysql,
performance_schema..
Dimitri and Rita eat some donuts for breakfast and then spend the mo.pdf
Dimitri and Rita eat some donuts for breakfast and then spend the morning at an amusement
park. After a few hours of riding the Super Looper Double Twist Dimitri feels nauseous and
regurgitates the donuts. Rita is fine, but Dimitri has developed a ________, and the next time
they stop for donuts, Dimitri immediately feels ill.
a. taste aversion
b. taste response
c. unconditioned aversion
d. unconditioned response
Solution
Taste aversion is a condition which is generally developed after ingestion of food that causes
nausea, vomiting, and sickness.
This condition serves as a mechanism to avoid poisonous substances before they can cause harm
to our body.
This condition is most commonly seen in human beings.
When a person eats bad food, he develops nausea and becomes aversive to that food.
The same thing happened in the above case. Dimitri has developed a food aversion for donuts.
The next time they stop for donuts, Dimitri immediately feels ill.
Therefore, option A is correct..
detail the importance of cell culture to the field of virologySo.pdf
detail the importance of cell culture to the field of virology
Solution
Virology is a study of viruses and cell culture is culturing of cells under controlled conditions in
the laboratory. Traditionally cell culture based viral diagnostic products are developed to
produce vaccines.Viral disease dignosis traditionally developed using these cell cultures. Animal
cell cultures are used to replicate the viruses instead of producing vaccines.Cell culture also used
to detect and isolate viruses, study the mode of infection from viruses and development cycles.
Recent advances in using cell culture based viral diagnostic products involve use of novel cell
cultures, cryopreserved cell products etc..
More Related Content
Similar to 1.) In some forms of epigenetic modification, when a gene is “marked.pdf
Genomic Insights into bat Senses
This document summarizes research on the molecular ecology of bat senses. It finds that most bat species have lost the ability to detect pheromones through the vomeronasal organ. However, a few bat families have retained intact vomeronasal function, suggesting independent losses of this sense in most bats. Analysis of vomeronasal receptor genes finds only a few intact receptors in bats, rather than expansions, indicating the system does not play a major role in bat communication.
Actinobacteria
Actinobacteria are a phylum of Gram-positive bacteria that can be terrestrial or aquatic. They behave similarly to fungi in soil and some form symbiotic relationships with plants. Actinobacteria have a thick peptidoglycan cell wall and high GC DNA content. They reproduce asexually through spore formation. Some important genera include Actinomycetes, Mycobacteria, Frankia, and Streptomycetes. Actinobacteria have both positive and negative economic impacts as they produce antibiotics but can also cause diseases in plants and humans.
D the uievival and reproduction of incividuals is pot random- II- In a.pdf
D the uievival and reproduction of incividuals is pot random. II. In an eccuysteen, ficfors auch as
food supply. climate, and predator population are keown as which of the Follawiag? A.
Fivolutionary catatystc. B. Selestion prestures, C. Darwin'y tules: D. Survival of the fictest. 12. A
bacteriologist places an antibkic ifrut in a preni dish centaining a strain of F . colf bacierin, Hlow
is this. likely to affoct the bacterial populaticen? A. The Aacteria will sense the need to develop a
resiutance to the antitiotis, which they will pass on to the resultiog genctation. 8. The initial
sirain will be able to develop a resiitance, but since it will not change the geretic code, the next
yeneration wiat be vulnerable to it and die eut. C. The aatibiotie will always kill the entife
perpulation of bacteria. D. Existing variants that are more resistance to the antibsetle will savive
and maltiply, and eventually the revalting population will becume resistant. 33. A fish biologist
colkets guppies from a stream with predators that loyy in on bright coloring and place them in a
stream that lacks prodators. Which of the following codld be predicted to occur? A. Crippies
would bocome more colorful. 1i. Ginppies would becoune less colorflal. C. Geppics would not
change is coloration. D. Cuppies would evolve to have females prefer less colorful males. 34.
Which of these cotiditions should completely prevent the occurrence af natural selection in a
popalation ower tirtic? A. All variation between individuais is doe oaly to enviroumental factors.
B. The environment is changing at a relatively show rate. C. The population sive is large. D. The
population lives in a hathitat where there are few pecdators pecsent. 35. Given a population chat
contains genctic variation, what is the correct sequence of the followinge events, under the
influence of natural seloctioa? 1. Well-adapted individuals leave more oflspring than poorly
adapted individuals. 2. A change occurs in the emvironment. 3. Gehetic frequencies within the
popelation change. 4. Poorly adapted individuals have decreased survivorship. A , 2 4 1 3 B. 4 2
1 3 C : 4 1 2 3 D. 2 4 3 1 36. Neutraf alleles are those that do not alter fitness; the average
reproductive suceess does not differ between individuats that carry one neulral allele or another.
A. TrueB. False 37. Humans are among the most genetically diverse species on the planet. A.
True B. False 38. Which ot the following best describes somatic line mutations? A. Most are
beneficinl to the organism, but not the offspring, B. Most are passed on to the offspring. C. Most
do not pass on to the offispring. D. Most occur in plants, but not in animtats. 39. A single
mutation affects multiple traits through which process? A. Epistasis, B. Gene duplication. C.
Pleiotropy, D. Recombination. nitinatien 1) Surv nul of she fitent. A. Giegeres woplat bopume
move coloefial. 11. Cuppiesi woind hecone kesi colortit. timeit C. The porulation siotis Laree. 1).
The popul.
Variability in fungi
1. What is pathogen variability?
2. Significance of pathogen Variability
3. Stages of variation
4. Mechanism of Variability in fungi
5. Characterization of variability among plant pathogens
Writing sample 2
Chemical ecology is the study of how chemical compounds affect organisms in their environment. These compounds can influence ecosystem interactions like community structure, reproduction, survival strategies, habitat selection, and predator-prey relationships. Phytoplankton, which are responsible for over 45% of primary production, communicate and have adaptive strategies through chemical means. Their environment and the identity of compounds themselves are important to understand. Studies explore the functions of metabolites and mechanisms of predator-prey interactions in phytoplankton chemical ecology, focusing on toxins produced by different marine phytoplankton species.
Chapt04 lecture
The document provides an overview of key concepts related to evolution, biological communities, and species interactions. It discusses evolution and natural selection, ecological niches, species interactions like competition and predation, community properties, how communities change over time through succession, and factors that influence where organisms can live.
Evolution and natural_selection
This document provides an overview of evolution and natural selection. It defines evolution as change over time in a population's gene frequency and natural selection as the process by which organisms best adapted to the environment survive and reproduce more. The document describes Darwin's theory of natural selection in four steps - overproduction, variation, competition, and selection. It also lists five pieces of evidence that support the theory of evolution: common descent, the fossil record, comparative anatomy, embryology, and genetic evidence.
1.The first is, “Why worry Extinction is natural. Species have been.pdf
1.The first is, “Why worry? Extinction is natural. Species have been dying out through more than
3 billion years of history without permanent harm to the biosphere. Evolution has always
replaced extinct species with new ones.”
ANSWER IN 1-2 PARAGRAPH
2. The second stage of denial usually emerges as, “Why rush to save all the species right now?
We have more important things to do. Why not keep live specimens in zoos and botanical
gardens and return them to the wild later?\"
Answer in 1-2 paragraph
Solution
Ques-1: 1.The first is, “Why worry? Extinction is natural. Species have been dying out through
more than 3 billion years of history without permanent harm to the biosphere. Evolution has
always replaced extinct species with new ones.” ANSWER IN 1-2 PARAGRAPH
Answer:
Evolution has always replaced extinct species with new ones. The evolution of new species &
extinction of species on the biosphere is mainly depends on the \"environmental factors\",
predation-prey factors, mutations & these are going to be induced in the individual cellular
genome either by migration or genetic drift. Sometimes, these genetic variations are leading to
incidence of speciation so that evolution of new species occur sometimes, may leading to
extinction due to low fitness (higher incidence of deleterious recessive alleles due to
interbreeding). Sometimes, inbreeding depression is result in loss of heterozygosity in a
population so species result in extinction of species. This inbreeding is natural so that extinction
is natural. Individuals often develop favorable traits of these eyespots to escape from predators
via natural selection & genetic variations in the successive generations with evolution of new
traits in the new species as an evolutionary adaptation to attain adequate offspring fitness and to
struggle for the existence..
BIODIVERSITY KEY TO MORE VARIETY_BIO_X_Learner's Copy.pptx
This document discusses biodiversity and its levels. It defines biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth, including all species, populations, and genes. The three levels of biodiversity are genetic diversity within species, species diversity between populations, and ecosystem diversity of habitats. Species diversity is the number of species in a community and incorporates both species richness and evenness. There are three types of species: endemic found only in one area, exotic transported by humans, and cosmopolitan found worldwide. Adaptations help species survive changes through traits like camouflage and mimicry.
3. Factors that affect organisms 2.pptx
This document discusses biological indicators and the habitat concept. It defines biological indicators as living things that can measure environmental changes and indicates their impact on ecosystems. Biological indicators are selected based on 11 standards, including clear ecology and wide distribution. Examples of biological indicators include plants, animals, and microbes, with specific species provided. The advantages of biological indicators are outlined. The document also defines habitat as the area supporting a species' survival and reproduction through biotic and abiotic interactions. It distinguishes between macrohabitats and microhabitats. In conclusion, biological indicators are a useful, objective tool for assessing ecosystem changes and impacts at various scales.
Ecology-Macroevolution
Macroevolution refers to large-scale evolutionary changes that occur over long periods of time and result in new taxonomic groups. It encompasses trends like the origin of mammals and the diversification of flowering plants. Speciation, the origin of new species, can occur through anagenesis, where a population accumulates traits to become a new species, or cladogenesis, where branching evolution creates a new species from an ancestral line. Speciation is driven by the emergence of reproductive barriers between populations, either before or after zygote formation.
Taxonomic characters
This document discusses different types of taxonomic characters that can be used to distinguish between taxa. There are 5 main kinds of characters: morphological, physiological, ecological, ethological, and geographical. Morphological characters include external features, internal structures, larval stages, and karyology. Physiological characters include growth rates and temperature tolerances. Ecological characters include habitat preferences, food sources, and host specificity. Ethological characters include behavioral traits like mating calls. Geographical characters include biogeographic patterns and whether populations are allopatric or sympatric. These various character types provide taxonomic information to differentiate between taxa.
In the formula for determining a populations genotype frequencies, .pdf
In the formula for determining a population\'s genotype frequencies, the pq in the term 2pq is
necessary because the population is diploid. heterozygotes can come about in two ways. the
population is doubling in number. heterozygotes have two alleles. What is the founder effect? a
selection of the best-suited traits for the environment a series of chance events that change allele
frequency when a few individuals become isolated from a larger population, and their gene pool
differs from that source population a sudden change in the environment that reduces the size of
the population Which of the following activities occurs first in order to begin speciation? single
gene change formation of mechanical barrier to reproduction postzygotic hybrid sterility in
Drosophila interruption of gene flow between two populations A genetic change that caused a
certain Hox gene to be expressed along the tip of a vertebrate limb bud instead of farther back
helped make possible the evolution of the tetrapod limb. This type of change is illustrative of the
influence of environment on development. paedomorphosis. A change in a developmental gene
or in its regulation that altered the spatial organization of body parts. heterochrony. Which of
the following statements about dinoflagellates is true? They possess two flagella. All known
varieties are autotrophic. Their walls are usually composed of silica plates. Many types lack
mitochondria. Their dead cells accumulate on the seafloor and are mined to serve as a filtering
material.
Solution
Ans. 6: pq in the term 2pq is necessary because heterozygoted have two alleles, hence option D
is correct.
Ans. 7: Founder\'s effect is when few individuals separate from large population and their gene
pool differs from source population. Hence option C is correct.
Ans. 8: interruption of gene flow between two population is first step for speciation hence option
D is correct.
Ans. 9: the given process is best explained by option C.
Ans. 10: option E is more correct amongst the given options..
The Ecology and Evolution of Seaweed Diversification
The document discusses species diversity and taxonomy of the algal order Dictyotales. It provides background on patterns of species diversification through speciation and extinction. It then summarizes ongoing research using DNA barcoding and phylogenetic analysis of Dictyotales species to understand their biogeographic patterns of diversification, including determining origins and dispersal routes of taxa. Models of evolutionary change are being used to analyze diversification patterns within the order.
11u bio div 02
The document discusses biodiversity and the variety of life found on Earth. It notes that over 1.7 million species have been classified by scientists, though the actual number is estimated to be around 15 million. A species is defined as a group that can breed and produce fertile offspring, though hybridization and asexual reproduction complicate this definition. Biodiversity refers to the number and variety of species in an ecosystem, including the genetic diversity within species and structural diversity of physical conditions that support different species, many of which depend on one another through interactions like predation, symbiosis, and food chains.
5.1 & 5.2 Notes
Guided notes covering material from Topics 5.1 and 5.2 of the updated IB Biology syllabus for 2016 exams. Notes sequence and prompts are based on the Oxford IB Biology textbook by Allott and Mindorff.
Bacteria Structure, Cell wall, Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, Ribosomes.pptx
Bacteria typically consist of a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, DNA, and sometimes flagella or pili for movement and attachment. They lack membrane-bound organelles like those found in eukaryotic cells. The cell wall provides structure and protection, while the cell membrane regulates what enters and exits the cell.
Similar to 1.) In some forms of epigenetic modification, when a gene is “marked.pdf (18)
D the uievival and reproduction of incividuals is pot random- II- In a.pdf
D the uievival and reproduction of incividuals is pot random- II- In a.pdf
1.The first is, “Why worry Extinction is natural. Species have been.pdf
1.The first is, “Why worry Extinction is natural. Species have been.pdf
BIODIVERSITY KEY TO MORE VARIETY_BIO_X_Learner's Copy.pptx
BIODIVERSITY KEY TO MORE VARIETY_BIO_X_Learner's Copy.pptx
In the formula for determining a populations genotype frequencies, .pdf
In the formula for determining a populations genotype frequencies, .pdf
The Ecology and Evolution of Seaweed Diversification
The Ecology and Evolution of Seaweed Diversification
4. Biodiversity and Stability (THURSDAY) jayian.docx
4. Biodiversity and Stability (THURSDAY) jayian.docx
Bacteria Structure, Cell wall, Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, Ribosomes.pptx
Bacteria Structure, Cell wall, Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, Ribosomes.pptx
More from michaelazach6427
Compare and contrast protein import into the ER and into the nucleus.pdf
Compare and contrast protein import into the ER and into the nucleus. List at least two major
differences in the mechanisms and speculate on why the nuclear mechanism might not work for
ER import.
Solution
The Proteins are imported into the nucleus from the cytoplasm only after thay have been
synthesized,folded and properly assembled into complexes. They carry a sequence of amino
acids that acts as a tag called as Nuclear localization signals (NLS) ,bound by importins. In
contrast, all the unfolded polypeptide chains will be imported or translocated into ER as they are
been made by the ribosomes. Though ribosomes function in the cytosol they are assembled in the
nucleus where as the enzyme complexes function in the nucleus and assembles in the cytosol.
But, both these ribosomes and enzyme complexes are transported through a nuclear pore intact.
These Nuclear pores are gates, always opened for small molecules; in contrast, translocation
channels in the ER membrane will be normally closed and open only after the ribosome has
attached to the membrane. The ER membrane remains impermeable to small molecules during
the translocation process, as the ER is a major store for Ca2+ ions in the cell, and Ca2+ ions
released into the cytosol must be tightly controlled.
Nuclear localization signals (NLS) are not cleaved off after the protein is imported into the
nucleus; in contrast, ER signal peptides are usually cleaved off.
Nuclear localization signals (NLS) are needed inorder to reimport nuclear proteins repeatedly
after they have been released into the cytosol i.e during mitosis, when the nuclear envelop breaks
down..
Discuss some of the various ways MySQL allows you to explore a datab.pdf
Discuss some of the various ways MySQL allows you to explore a database and it\'s architecture.
Solution
The CLI mysql utility combined with 14.7.5 SHOW Syntax is one of the way to get most
information from MySQL.
Sometimes there is a need to query tables in system databases like information_schema, mysql,
performance_schema..
Dimitri and Rita eat some donuts for breakfast and then spend the mo.pdf
Dimitri and Rita eat some donuts for breakfast and then spend the morning at an amusement
park. After a few hours of riding the Super Looper Double Twist Dimitri feels nauseous and
regurgitates the donuts. Rita is fine, but Dimitri has developed a ________, and the next time
they stop for donuts, Dimitri immediately feels ill.
a. taste aversion
b. taste response
c. unconditioned aversion
d. unconditioned response
Solution
Taste aversion is a condition which is generally developed after ingestion of food that causes
nausea, vomiting, and sickness.
This condition serves as a mechanism to avoid poisonous substances before they can cause harm
to our body.
This condition is most commonly seen in human beings.
When a person eats bad food, he develops nausea and becomes aversive to that food.
The same thing happened in the above case. Dimitri has developed a food aversion for donuts.
The next time they stop for donuts, Dimitri immediately feels ill.
Therefore, option A is correct..
detail the importance of cell culture to the field of virologySo.pdf
detail the importance of cell culture to the field of virology
Solution
Virology is a study of viruses and cell culture is culturing of cells under controlled conditions in
the laboratory. Traditionally cell culture based viral diagnostic products are developed to
produce vaccines.Viral disease dignosis traditionally developed using these cell cultures. Animal
cell cultures are used to replicate the viruses instead of producing vaccines.Cell culture also used
to detect and isolate viruses, study the mode of infection from viruses and development cycles.
Recent advances in using cell culture based viral diagnostic products involve use of novel cell
cultures, cryopreserved cell products etc..
Ageism disproportionately affects women since they outlive me. T.pdf
\"Ageism disproportionately affects women since they outlive me.\" This could be understood as
a form of intersectionality. FIRST explain the concept of intersectionality. THEN, identify and
explain two other ways (i.e. not pertaining to the intersection of advanced age and gender) in
which intersectionality might negatively affect medical treatment and/or outcomes. FINALLY,
identify and explain one way in which each of those negative effects could be migrated or
counteracted.
Suggested term(s): intersectionality, intersectionality and health disparities.
Solution
Intersectionality is the study of the overlapping (intersecting) social identities of oppression,
domination or discrimination. identities which intersect include gender, race, social class,
ethnicity, nationality, sexual orientation, religion, age, mental disability, physical disability,
mental illness, and physical illness etc.,.
Incase of intersectionality of mothers with HIV the mothers does not reveal that they have HIV
due to their cultural problems and does not take treatment for their disease. They have additional
responsibility of taking care of their children and other house hold activities.
The negative effects could be migrated or counteracted by utilization of intersectionality to aid
nurse scientists in knowledge development and inform nursing practice regarding issues of social
injustice and health inequities there by the people under the need have awareness about the
treatment and the need for it..
Could you please help me on this questionThe duty cycle of a conv.pdf
Could you please help me on this question:
The duty cycle of a converter is duty cycle D= 0.1319 and frequency is 50 Hz.
Find the values below?(you can assume if it\'s necessary)
T delays
T rise
T fall
T on
T period
Solution
D=0.1319
f=50 hertz
T=1/f=1/50=0.02 seconds
D=TON/T=0.1319
TON=0.1319*0.02=2.638*10^-3 SECONDS
TOFF=T-TON=0.02-2.638*10^-3=0.017362 SECONDS
T delay=0
T rise=0
Tfall=0.
A random sample of five observations from the first population resul.pdf
A random sample of five observations from the first population resulted in a standard deviation
of 12. A random sample of seven observations from the second population showed a standard
deviation of 7. At the .01 significance level, is there more variation in the first population?The
following hypotheses are given.Ho : 1² 2²H1 : 1² > 2²
Solution
As
F = s1^2/s2^2
Then
F = 12^2 / 7^2 = 2.94 [ANSWER]
*****************************
Here, df1 = n1 - 1 = 11
df2 = n2 - 1 = 7 - 1 = 6
Using a table, at 0.01 significance,
Fcrit = 7.78956974
As F did not exceed Fcrit, the DO NO REJECT HO. [ANSWER].
Biomembranes contain many different types of lipid molecules. What a.pdf
Biomembranes contain many different types of lipid molecules. What are the three main types of
lipid molecules? How are the three types similar? How are they different?
Solution
The three main types of lipid molecules present in bio membranes are:
Similarities:
Differences: All the lipids differ in their functions.
2. The Lorenz curve measures inequality in person income distributio.pdf
2. The Lorenz curve measures inequality in person income distribution. What is the difference
between personal income distribution and functional income distribution?
Solution
Personal income distribution shows differences in income of citizens among a nation. On the
otherhand, functional income distribution may occur due to difference in factor rewards to
production, viz. wages, rent, interest and profits. The former one belongs to the discussion of
labour market and the later one is determined in input/factor market that ultimately show factor
rewards..
Will th ebelow code work andif not please help me fix it. Basically .pdf
Will th ebelow code work andif not please help me fix it. Basically I am taking in a line of code
and we are supposed to use fail state to figure out which kind of format the line will follow. It
will either follow one of two formats. So I am trying to say if while reading in it hits something
that doesn\'t work it must be the OTHER kind of line. Am I using clear and fail functions
correctly? It is important that when it fails the next value being read in goes into the place where
it failed reading in.
So if it tries to read something in and it fails the next value read in should go into THAT value
and not the next one.
Solution
Reasons:
i) You cannot start read vertexOne or vertexTwo, before you open the stream
ii) Set up your file reading in streams based on the layout of your files, so what you can do is to
have if-else
statements that select the right stream setup bases on the filname.
Program:
#include \"Triangle.h\"
#include \"Graphics.h\"
#include \"Shape.h\"
#include
using namespace std;
Triangle::Triangle()
{
}
Triangle::Triangle(Point pt1, Point pt2, Point pt3, Color color) {
vertexOne = pt1;
vertexTwo = pt2;
vertexThree = pt3;
vertexOneColor = color;
vertexTwoColor = color;
vertexThreeColor = color;
}
Triangle::Triangle(Point pt1, Color col1, Point pt2, Color col2, Point pt3, Color col3)
{
vertexOne = pt1;
vertexOneColor = col1;
vertexTwo = pt2;
vertexTwoColor = col2;
vertexThree = pt3;
vertexThreeColor = col3;
}
void Triangle::setColor(Color col)
{
vertexOneColor = col;
vertexTwoColor = col;
vertexThreeColor = col;
}
void Triangle::setVertexOne(Point pt)
{
vertexOne = pt;
}
void Triangle::setVertexTwo(Point pt)
{
vertexTwo = pt;
}
void Triangle::setVertexThree(Point pt)
{
vertexThree = pt;
}
Point Triangle::getVertexOne()
{
return vertexOne;
}
Point Triangle::getVertexTwo()
{
return vertexTwo;
}
Point Triangle::getVertexThree()
{
return vertexThree;
}
void Triangle::setVertexOneColor(Color col)
{
vertexOneColor = col;
}
void Triangle::setVertexTwoColor(Color col)
{
vertexTwoColor = col;
}
void Triangle::setVertexThreeColor(Color col) {
vertexThreeColor = col;
}
Color Triangle::getVertexOneColor()
{
return vertexOneColor;
}
Color Triangle::getVertexTwoColor()
{
return vertexTwoColor;
}
Color Triangle::getVertexThreeColor()
{
return vertexThreeColor;
}
void Triangle::read(istream& ins)
{
// These are values of the each vertex and color
Point vertex1;
Point vertex2;
Point vertex3;
Color col;
Color vertex1Color;
Color vertex2Color;
Color vertex3Color;
ins >> vertex1 >> vertex1Color >> vertex2 >> vertex2Color >> vertex3;
// Checks whether ins has entered a fail state of not
if (ins.fail())
{
ins.clear();
Triangle(vertex1, vertex2, vertex3, vertex1Color);
}
else
{
ins >> vertex3Color;
Triangle(vertex1, vertex1Color, vertex2, vertex2Color,vertex3, vertex3Color);
}
}
void Triangle::write(ostream& outs)
{
Point out_vertex1 = getVertexOne();
Point out_vertex2 = getVertexTwo();
Point out_vertex3 = getVertexThree();
Color out_vertex1Color = g.
The visual system that a mountain biker would use to identify changes.pdf
The visual system that a mountain biker would use to identify changes in the trail or to perceive
a rider in front of him or her is the: fovea. parallel processing system. ambient system. focal
system.
Solution
The two types of pathways in visual systems are focal and ambient.
The mountain biker uses ambient system to identify changes in the trial or to perceive a rider in
front of him/her.
The peripheral vision also referred as ambient pathway is concerned with movement and depth
perception and is generally considered to be crucially involved in motion processing..
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of breathing through the nose.pdf
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of breathing through the nose? extraction of heat and
moisture from the air leaving the nasal cavity destruction of pathogens entering the nasopharynx
filtration of the air entering the nasal cavity heating and moistening the air entering the nasal
cavity
Solution
B. Destruction of pathogens entering the nasopharynx
The pathogens are trappped by the mucous, but are not destroyed. The mucus is driven off and
either enters the GI tract or is spit out. This prevents the pathogens from gaining access to the
epithelium, and subsequent infection..
Which is not a secure MAC address learning for port securityA. St.pdf
Which is not a secure MAC address learning for port security?
A. Sticky method
B. Restrict method
C. Dynamic method
D. Static method
Solution
B is correct. Restrict is not a secure MAC address learning method.
A, C, and D are incorrect. They are all secure MAC address learning methods for port security..
what is the transport process for a methane gas leakSolutionS.pdf
what is the transport process for a methane gas leak?
Solution
Scientists have developed a material made out of a mixture of silica and water which can soak up
large quantities of methane molecules. The material looks and acts like a fine white powder
which, if developed for industrial use, might be easily transported or used as a vehicle fuel.
Methane is the principal component of natural gas and can be burnt in oxygen to produce carbon
dioxide and water. The abundance of the gas and its relatively clean burning process makes it a
good source of fuel, but due to its gaseous state at room temperature, methane is difficult to
transport from its source.
Many natural gas reserves are geographically remote and can only be extracted via pipelines, so
there is a need to look for other ways to transport the gas. It has been suggested that methane gas
hydrate could be used as a way of containing methane gas for transportation. The disadvantage
of methane gas hydrate for industry use is that it is formed at a very slow rate when methane
reacts with water under pressure.
To counteract these difficulties, a method to break water up into tiny droplets to increase the
surface area in contact with the gas can be used. Mixing water with a special form of silica – a
similar material to sand – which stops the water droplets from coalescing. This ‘dry water’
powder soaks up large quantities of methane quite rapidly at around water’s normal freezing
point.
‘Dry water’ could be more economical than other potential products because it is made from
cheap raw materials. The material may also have industrial applications if methane could be
stored more conveniently and used to power clean vehicles..
Summarize the article Trading liberty for illusions by Wendy Kam.pdf
Summarize the article \"Trading liberty for illusions\" by Wendy Kaminer in 300 words by
following these steps: - the central idea of the passage - what, who, why, where, when and how -
the author\'s conclusion - the subject of the description and it\'s key feature(s)
Solution
The central idea of the article is about how the September 11 attacks have affected the civilian
population. In such circumstances, people are really scary and it is the responsibility of the
government to take all necessary precautions to secure its citizens. But the actions adhered to go
beyond the logical approach to safety by using several surveillance devices to track criminals or
abnormal behavior.
Kaminer accuses government of ignoring the civil liberties and the processes followed were
pointless and demonstrated its failures. She further adds that Americans have had to trade their
privacy with security, which means there is no privacy. The ways facial recognition was used
and abused, she says it constitutes a threat to security and liberty, not a promise of security.
The hard-core trained criminals fooled the intelligence surveillance system by suppressing their
emotions, behaviors, and facial expressions which proved the systems to be highly inefficient.
This leaves technology surveillance system a very controversial topic in the United States. She
goes on to say that the government is divided between using law as it was intended or breaking
law to meet special interest breaching security of the people it is supposed to protect. The
government should not exploit the gullibility of the citizens, for dissenters will start questioning
the credibility of the American philosophy.
What she concludes is that though technological advancement is geared up at improving security,
it should be relied upon as the most accurate measure against threat. The government need a
sober approach to security and privacy and should not rely upon the existing systems, laws, and
technology.
*****.
what is a shared derived charterer and how is it useful for construc.pdf
what is a shared derived charterer and how is it useful for constructing a phylogeny ?
Solution
Phylogeny can be understood as the science of developmental history of an organism with
respect to other organisms. Since the origin of an individual remains unknwon and
developmental characters can be measures only relative to other known organisms, the science of
phylogeny is based upon relavance of the features of a developing organism with respect to other
organisms whose features have been already well studied. For this purpose, the extent of
relatedness and differences between two or more organisms are generally studied. There are
some features which remain exclusive for a species whereas some features are common in
different species. These common features are termed as \'shared derived characters\' because it is
supposed that owing to their presence, anatomical relavance and similarities in physiological
function in different species, these features must have been orginated from a common ancestor
and gradually shared by different species for development. Thus, the more is the number of
shared derived characters between two or more species, the more likely is their evolutionary
relatedness.
For example, while constructing a phylogeny tree, the index of these shared derived characters
remains highly useful. It helps in grouping and clssifying organisms based upon their
evolutionary history and evident relatedness based upon number of shared characters. For
example, all organisms with jointed feet are placed under phylum arthropoda. After that,
organisms with paired feet and un-paired feet are differentiated either as millipeds or centipeds.
After that, organisms are differentiated based upon their mouth structures and so on. Thus, the
occurence of jointed feet, nature of feet and distribution of body plates on mouth cavity represent
shared derived characters. These characters can be further elaborated at anatomical and
molecular levels.
Thus, this clearly explains the role of shared derived charterer and its usefullness for
constructing a phylogeny tree..
TF Unsaturated fatty acids have double or triple bonds creative kin.pdf
T/F: Unsaturated fatty acids have double or triple bonds creative kinks in the carbon chain. Fat
at room temperature is an example of grouped unsaturated fatty acids. What does
\"amphipathic\" mean? What does \"amphiphilic\" mean?
Solution
Unsaturated fatty acids have double or triple bonds = True
Fats at room temperature is an example of grouped unsaturated fatty acids = false
Amphipathic or amphipilic molecules are molecules having both polar and non-polar portions in
their structure..
samples, then compuie ine im samples, then cop me 9. Patient Waiting .pdf
samples, then compuie ine im samples, then cop me 9. Patient Waiting Times The Newport
Health Clinic experiments with two different configurations for serving patients. In one
configuration, all patients enter a single waiting line that feeds three different physicians. In
another configuration, patients wait in individual lines at three different physician stations.
Waiting times (in min- utes) are recorded for ten patients from each configuration. Compare the
results. Single line: Multiple lines: 42 54
Solution.
The figure below shows two normal distributions. A and B. The distrib.pdf
The figure below shows two normal distributions. A and B. The distribution that has the higher
mean is A B The distribution that has the higher standard deviation is A B
Solution
a) B
b) A
Mean : mean lis in the middle most observation, The chart A clearly visible that it has lessar
mean than B
Standard deviation: It is the value distance from the mean, Figure A has longer distance b/w the
edges to middle.
Random signal analysis question (19). Not sure whether true or false.pdf
Random signal analysis question (19). Not sure whether true or false
QUESTION 19 For two independent random variables, variance of the sum is the sum of the
variances True False
Solution
True
Variance of sum or difference is sum of individual variances of two independent variables.
Mean of sum is sum of individual mean of two independent variables..
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Compare and contrast protein import into the ER and into the nucleus.pdf
Compare and contrast protein import into the ER and into the nucleus.pdf
Discuss some of the various ways MySQL allows you to explore a datab.pdf
Discuss some of the various ways MySQL allows you to explore a datab.pdf
Dimitri and Rita eat some donuts for breakfast and then spend the mo.pdf
Dimitri and Rita eat some donuts for breakfast and then spend the mo.pdf
detail the importance of cell culture to the field of virologySo.pdf
detail the importance of cell culture to the field of virologySo.pdf
Ageism disproportionately affects women since they outlive me. T.pdf
Ageism disproportionately affects women since they outlive me. T.pdf
Could you please help me on this questionThe duty cycle of a conv.pdf
Could you please help me on this questionThe duty cycle of a conv.pdf
A random sample of five observations from the first population resul.pdf
A random sample of five observations from the first population resul.pdf
Biomembranes contain many different types of lipid molecules. What a.pdf
Biomembranes contain many different types of lipid molecules. What a.pdf
2. The Lorenz curve measures inequality in person income distributio.pdf
2. The Lorenz curve measures inequality in person income distributio.pdf
Will th ebelow code work andif not please help me fix it. Basically .pdf
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