This document provides an introduction and overview of the TSIM geophysical technique. It discusses how TSIM has been used successfully over the past 10 years to map shallow geological features important for coal exploration, such as the Limit of Oxidation and paleochannels. Case studies from Mongolia demonstrate how TSIM improved targeting of exploration drilling and reduced costs by better delineating these features between 50-100m depth. The document concludes that integrating TSIM geophysics into typical coal exploration programs can effectively reduce geological uncertainty and risks by limiting wasted drilling.

1. by: Adrian Buck
abuck@geoconsult.com.au
August 2014
J:22_TSIM02_2_TSIM_Resources03 Presentations & PapersTSIM_2014

2. Brief Introduction - GeoConsult
1. GeoConsult is geological services provider.
2. We are celebrating 20 years of operations in 2014.
3. The group comprises approximately 40-50 geologists.
4. Diverse geological expertise, Coal exploration is a strength.
5. Our first operations in Mongolia were in 2005

3. Brief Introduction - Myself
1. I am a geological and geophysical consultant.
2. I’ve been with GeoConsult for 12 years.
3. JORC competent person for reporting coal Resources.
4. Worked on coal projects; Australia, Southern Africa, Europe,
North America, Southeast Asia, Central Asia and Mongolia.

4. Outline
1. General Background on the geophysical technique.
2. Present some application case studies.
3. Review the effectiveness of integration of TSIM into an
exploration program.

5. Background
The TSIM geophysical technique has been established through
research and development work between GeoConsult and an
Australian University over the last 10 years.
In Australia the technique has recently been adopted into coal
exploration programs by many major coal companies.
- Anglo – Callide Coal Project
- Rio Tinto – Valaria Coal Project
- BHP – BMA Caval Ridge Coal Project
- Peabody – Wilpinjong Coal Project

6. Background
TSIM is a ground based geophysical technique applicable to
coal basins to identify LOX lines, areas of intrusion, paleo-
channels and faulting.
TSIM is useful for shallow feature identification up to 50 m in
depth. It aims to reduce drilling costs by providing a more
targeted drill program.

7. The Technique
- Electro Magnetic
- VLF (15-30kHz)
- Single or Broad
Spectrum

8. The Technique
- Polarized
- Acquisition in
series of parallel
traverses

9. The Technique
- Essentially Passive
- Distance Source
- Global Coverage
- Potential for
natural sources

10. The Technique

11. TSIM units

12. Ground Conditions

13. Ground Conditions

14. Outline
1. General Background on the geophysical technique.
2. Present some application case studies.
3. Review the effectiveness of integration of TSIM into an
exploration program.

15. Limit of Oxidation (LOX)
We have found that one of the techniques core strenghts is
filling in the gap in geological information between seismic and
resource drilling and the surface.
This depth region contains a significant feature to opencut coal
exploration, base of weathering and limit of oxidation (LOX).
Definition of LOX is important, costly to get it wrong.
Traditionally defined by large numbers of shallow drillholes

16. Mongolian Case Study: LOX - Delineation
3day Project in the
Southern Gobi Region
Targeting Concealed Coal
Seam Sub-crop
Objective reduce drilling
cost through better
targeting

17. Mongolian Case Study: LOX - Delineation
Setting: No coal surface expression
Cover: Approximately 10m thick
Coal Seam: Shallow-Moderate dips
Limited geological control on the subcrop location was
resulting in Drillholes being wasted into areas away from
subcrop.

18. Mongolian Case Study: LOX - Delineation

19. Mongolian Case Study: LOX - Delineation

20. Mongolian Case Study: Paleo-Channel Delineation

21. Mongolian Case Study: Paleo-Channel Delineation
Setting: No coal surface expression
Cover: Approximately 10m thick, channel thicker
Coal Seam: Shallow dips
Poor geological control on areas with deep alluvial was
resulting in Drillholes being wasted into thick unconsolidated
sediments.

22. Mongolian Case Study: Paleo-Channel Delineation

23. Mongolian Case Study: Paleo-Channel Delineation

24. Mongolian Case Study: Paleo-Channel Delineation

25. Outline
1. General Background on the geophysical technique.
2. Present some application case studies.
3. Review the effectiveness of integration of TSIM into an
exploration program.

26. Integration of TSIM into an Exploration Program
- TSIM and Ground Geophysics should be included to reduce
geological uncertainty and risk.
- The technique cost effectively integrates into typical coal
exploration program.
- Geophysical costs are quickly covered by reduction of
wasted drillholes and reduced delineation holes.

27. Integration of TSIM into an Exploration Program
Pre TSIM Geophysics Exploration Program:
-Remote sensing and satellite imagery
-Geological mapping observations
-Scout Exploration Drilling
-2D Seismic surveys
-Resource definition drilling

28. Integration of TSIM into an Exploration Program
Post TSIM Geophysics Exploration Program:
-Remote sensing and satellite imagery
-Geological mapping observations
-Scout Exploration Drilling
-2D Seismic surveys
-TSIM Ground Geophysics
-Resource definition drilling
Reduction of wasted drillholes, time and cost savings

29. Thank-You
Questions?
Adrian Buck
abuck@geoconsult.com.au