Here are the steps to solve this problem: (a) Calculate the mean (x-bar) of the data: 7.34 Calculate the standard deviation (s) of the data: 0.41 The 90% confidence interval is given by: x-bar ± ts/√n Where t is the t-statistic for n-1 degrees of freedom at the 90% confidence level (for n=5, t=2.015) So the 90% confidence interval is: 7.34 ± 2.015(0.41/√5) = 7.34 ± 0.36 (b) Given that σ is believed to be 0.28%, the 90% confidence interval

1. Question and answer
discussion
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY & IPR

2. What will be the answer?
1.12(±0.02)-0.68(±0.21)=
2.1152(±0.5524)+5.2154(±0.1125)=
1.36(±0.01)*1.21(±0.52)/1.11(±0.21)=
1.0851(±0.2015)-
.456(±0.254)+2.11(±0.11)=

3. Errors in log and antilog
y=log10a
Sy=0.434(sa/a)
Example:
Y=log [2.00(±0.02)*10-4]
y=10a
Y=Antilog(a)
Sy/y=2.303(sa)
Example:
Y=Antilog [45.4(±0.3)]

4. Error in power related equation
 The standard deviation in measuring the diameter of a sphere as 0.02 cm. What is
standard deviation of the calculated volume V of the sphere if d = 2.15 cm.

5. Patentable or non-patentable
 Business methods
 Mathematical formulas and Scientific principles
 Computer software and hardware or accessories
 Design of a furniture
 Games
 Laws of nature
 Jewellery
 Magic tricks
 Musical instruments
Perfumes
Plants
New lava found in volcano
The painting of Mona Lisa
Surgical methods and procedures.
Drugs that place the user at safety
risk.
Inventions whose purpose is
criminal
Inventions that violate existing
scientific rules

6. Patentable subject matter:
which can not be patented
 Natural phenomena
 Laws of nature
 Abstract ideas: Any mathematical phenomena
 Literary, dramatic, musical or artistic works
 Inventions that are not useful
 Inventions that are immoral or illegal
 Inventions that have been disclosed to the public before the
patent application
It is important to note that these are general categories, and

7. Patentable or non-patentable
 Business methods
 Mathematical formulas and Scientific principles
 Computer software and hardware or accessories
 Design of a furniture
 Games
 Laws of nature
 Jewellery
 Magic tricks
 Musical instruments
• Perfumes
• Plants
• New lava found in volcano
• The painting of Mona Lisa
• Surgical methods and
procedures.
• Drugs that place the user at
safety risk.
• Inventions whose purpose is
criminal
• Inventions that violate existing
scientific rules

8.  A method of analysis yields masses of gold that are low by 0.4 mg. Calculate the
percent relative error caused by this result if the mass of gold in the sample is(a)
500 mg. (b) 250 mg.
 The color change of a chemical indicator requires an over-titration of 0.03 mL.
Calculate the percent relative error if the total volume of titrant is: (a) 50.00 mL. (b)
10.0 mL.

10. We know that quantitative molecular absorption spectrometry is based on Beer’s law, which can be
written as
-log10T= єbcX
where T is the transmittance of a solution of an analyte X, b is the thickness of the absorbing
solution, cX is the molar concentration of X, and є is molar absorptivity and b is path length of the
cuvette. By measuring a series of standard solutions of X, єb was found to have a value of 2100 M-1,
where the number in parentheses is the absolute standard deviation.
An unknown solution of X was measured in a cell identical to the one used to determine єb. The
replicate results were T = 0.200, 0.300 and 0.400. calculate
(a) the mean molar concentration of the analyte X
(b) the absolute standard deviation of the cX and
(c) the coefficient of variation of cX.

13. The following are very important parts of a manuscript
 Figures and tables
 Results and discussion
 Methods
 Conclusion
 Abstract
 Introduction
If you are a writer, in which order you will cover this topics while writing? Explain

14. Writers point of view
1. Prepare the figures and tables.
2. Write the Methods.
3. Write up the Results.
4. Write the Discussion.
5. Write a clear Conclusion.
6. Write a compelling introduction.
7. Write the Abstract.
8. Compose a concise and descriptive Title.
9. Select Keywords for indexing.
10. Write the Acknowledgements.
11. Write up the References.

15. A chemist obtained the following data for percent lindane in the QUINTPLICATE
analysis of an insecticide preparation: 7.11, 6.95, and 7.51, 7.89, 8,12. Calculate the
90% confidence interval for the mean of the data, assuming that
(a) the only information about the precision of the method is the precision for the
three data. (4M)
(b) on the basis of long experience with the method, it is believed that s is very close
to σ =0.28% lindane. (z-value = 1.64) (1M)