This document provides an introduction to causality assessment in determining if a vaccine has caused an adverse reaction in a patient. It discusses the evidence and methods used in causality assessment including biological hypotheses, individual case reports, and epidemiological studies. Challenges in vaccine causality assessment are also outlined due to complex vaccine composition and simultaneous administration. The document concludes by noting causality assessment is the first step to determine an appropriate response and can be difficult, requiring consideration of multiple clinical, biological and epidemiological factors in each case.
detection methods of Adverse drug reactions, postal survey method, Reporting of Adverse drug reactions, Preventability assessment, predictability assessments
SEVERITY AND SERIOUSNESS ASSESSMENT OF ADR’S
Definitions, Severity assessment, Seriousness assessment
Naranjo algorithm, Preventability assessment
By
Ms. B. Mary Vishali
Department of Pharmacology
detection methods of Adverse drug reactions, postal survey method, Reporting of Adverse drug reactions, Preventability assessment, predictability assessments
SEVERITY AND SERIOUSNESS ASSESSMENT OF ADR’S
Definitions, Severity assessment, Seriousness assessment
Naranjo algorithm, Preventability assessment
By
Ms. B. Mary Vishali
Department of Pharmacology
Adverse drug reaction , types ,Detection and Reporting,severity and seriousness(Hartwig'severity assessment), preventibility(Schumock and thornston) and predictability, causality assessment Naranjo"s algotithm, WHO UMC causality scale
The presentation aims to give a basic understanding about the various drug reactions. It explains the mechanisms of ADR, Types, predisposing factors for ADR, and other common drug related adverse events
pharmacovigilance, adverse effects, causality assessment,methods, who-umc method with case study, FOR DOWNLOAD PPT MAIL ME ON iamgauravchhabra@gmail.com
Adverse drug reaction , types ,Detection and Reporting,severity and seriousness(Hartwig'severity assessment), preventibility(Schumock and thornston) and predictability, causality assessment Naranjo"s algotithm, WHO UMC causality scale
The presentation aims to give a basic understanding about the various drug reactions. It explains the mechanisms of ADR, Types, predisposing factors for ADR, and other common drug related adverse events
pharmacovigilance, adverse effects, causality assessment,methods, who-umc method with case study, FOR DOWNLOAD PPT MAIL ME ON iamgauravchhabra@gmail.com
Minimize the Impact of E2B(R3) on Drug Safety Operations with Argus SafetyPerficient, Inc.
The electronic transmission of adverse event information to stakeholders, using the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) E2B standard, is an essential component of global drug safety and pharmacovigilance operations.
E2B(R3), the latest version of the ISO ICSR standard, presents a number of challenges that need to be addressed before life sciences companies can implement the essential technology and processes required to perform day-to-day activities and comply with the new regulatory guidelines.
Our webinar delivered insight into the impact of the requirements on your drug safety business processes (e.g., CIOMS reporting, Line Listings, PSURS/DSURS, Signal Generation), as well as to how Oracle's Argus Safety can help you meet the E2B(R3) requirements.
What are some of the challenges in pharmacovigilance? This presentation offers you more information on signal detection, signal management and risk minimisation measures.
www.interlinkconsultancy.com
Healthcare industry challenges and pharmacoeconomic solutions.The pharma industry product pipelines are drying up, leading to a high dependence on existing products for survival. The branded generic drugs segment has become commoditized due to ever increasing and fierce
competition.Price plays a major role in drug prescription and buying decisions. High price may not always assure high quality or more benefits and companies are finding it difficult to substantiate higher prices..
This PPT comprises of brief history of vaccines and its details, concentrated on adverse reactions due to various vaccines, and briefly bout the cold chain.
1
Gastroenteritis
Name
United State University
Primary Health of Acute Client/Family Across the Lifespan: xxx
Professor xxxxx
Gastroenteritis in Children
Introduction
The presentation of the 6-months old male patient, brought in by the mother to the clinic is a requirement since the prenatal consent is needed for the best intervention. There was no medical history since when the baby was born healthy and has an exclusive breastfeeding that indicate that there are no previous warning signs.
Below are the questions I would ask the mother.
1. Ask of the mother about the onset of the symptoms, knowing when the symptoms began can assist determine the severity of the dehydration
2. Ask the mother, when she check the temperature of the baby, what does the thermometer show?
3. Have you given any over-the counter medication to help with the fever and diarrhea? If so, what medication is it, how often do you give it to the child, and when was the last time you gave it to him?
4. How many times has the child had diarrhea in a single day, what are the features of the baby's feces in terms of color, volume, and frequency and how many soiled diapers do you change every day on average?
5. Apart from your baby, is there anyone in your household that is ill? Is there a recent travel with the baby?
The questions directed to the mother of the 6-months old baby is important for the nurse practitioner to get the information that would drive the evaluation and diagnosis of the diseases. The mother sharing about the latest over-the counter medication would guide about the intervention that would be done that would ensure that there is no reaction that might affect the baby in a detrimental manner (Fries, 2020). The nurse practitioner’s questions are critical in guiding about the experiences with the baby since there was no medical history and gives a hint about the differential diagnoses that would be focused on to offer quality evaluation and care.
Addition symptoms and Signs that Needs ER
At 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit, a person has a fever. In many cases, doctors advise against treating fevers below 101°F. Due to the body's natural response to infection, a fever is a common sign of illness. Fever is a sign that your child's immune system is working properly (Fields, 2016). In case the child temperature is measured and stated temperature above 100.3°F, are sluggish, and aren't taking in any fluids should be sent to the emergency room immediately.
Continuous Vomiting
A consistent vomiting in the 6-months baby is a serious condition that demands for an immediate intervention and the child must be taken in an emergency room. Vomiting result to an excessive loss of fluids in the body of the baby and this puts the life at high risk (Fields, 2016). Taking the baby to the emergency room makes sure that the lost fluid is restored.
Fast breathing and Breathing Problems
The baby should be taken to an emergency room when fast breathing or difficulty is experi ...
Parent’s opinions on the diagnosis of children under 2 years of age with urin...Josep Vidal-Alaball
Urinarytractinfection(UTI)inchildhoodcanbediagnosedin5%offebrileinfants. Renal scarring is associated with increasing numbers of UTI episodes, and the incidence of renal scarring rises with each urinary infection. High levels of awareness of childhood UTI are im- portant among both professionals and parents. Whilst problems for professionals in making the diagnosis have been explored, few data exist concerning parental understanding and perspectives
Mortality meeting is a practice in all hospitals. In ours, we try to discuss the case in depth, so that the management can become better. This is one such case.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
4. EVIDENCE FOR CAUSALITY Biologic hypothesis Individual cases Epidemiologic studies Uncontrolled observational studies Cohort Case control
5.
6. SINGLE CASES/ UNCONTROLLED OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES Meyboom et al.: 1992 Pharmacological effects Previous knowledge Clinical characteristics Lab findings Data quality Likelihood/exclusion of other causes CAUSALITY Association (time, place ) Biological Plausibility Temporal association Geographically associated Local reactions Reproducibility Reliability Rx, risk factors, susceptibility, progamme error Confident diagnosis of lesion lab results favour causation
7. ADVERSE DRUG REACTION VS. ADVERSE EVENT Adverse drug reaction (event attributed to drug ) Adverse event All spontaneous reports Events not attributed to drug Diseases Other drugs Environment Diet Genetics Compliance Other factors Programmatic errors
8.
9. Classify and compare (3) EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDY: CASE-CONTROL STUDY // Begin Risk factor + Drug A Risk factor - No drug A Risk factor + drug A Risk factor - No drug A - Cases - People with disease or outcome - Controls - People without disease/outcome Past Present //
10. (3) EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDY: COHORT STUDY Study population Free of disease Have outcome already (exclude) Risk factor + drug A Risk factor - No drug A Disease/outcome + Disease/outcome - Disease/outcome + Disease/outcome - // Present Future
11. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES Case control studies Cohort studies Adverse event Yes No Total Vaccine Yes a b a+b No c d c+d Auriche M, Loupi E. Drug Safety 1993; 9 (3): 30-35 Risk ratio= Risk in vaccinated: A/A+B Risk in unvaccinated: C/C+D
12.
13. Knowledge of the adverse drug effect (%) // Signal assessment Time Signal generation Strengthening Signal Signal DISCOVERY OF AN ADVERSE EFFECT Follow-up Meyboom RHB et al Drug Safety 1997;17(6):374-389 0 100 70 20 50 //
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18. YOUR DECISION ON CAUSALITY WILL DETERMINE HOW YOU AND OTHERS WILL REACT ...
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Editor's Notes
This is a table which shows you the way in which a drug -event relationship can be established You can either start with the drug or the adverse event.
In this case, the patient above experienced severe pain and swelling after receiving TT vaccine. She had received several doses of TT vaccine during campaigns and pregnancy. To alleviate the pain she put a glass bottle (Coke bottle) of boiling water and applied it to the injection site. Therefore in addition to a local reaction, the patient also developed burns to the skin. (vaccine reaction complicated by mismanagement by the patient). One could discuss what should be done in this situation.