1. Reported speech is important for legal language as it is used in newspaper reports of crimes, investigations, and trial reports.
2. There are generally two rules for reported speech: there is no tense change if the introductory verb is in the present, present perfect or future tense, but there is a tense change if the introductory verb is in the past tense.
3. In addition to tense changes, there can also be changes to adverbs of time and place, questions, commands, and whether to use "say" or "tell" depending on if the person being spoken to is identified.
The sequence of_tenses and the reported speech - Natalija Stanković - Irena M...NašaŠkola.Net
Takmičenje na portalu www.nasaskola.net
"biramo najbolju lekciju"
februar 2012. godine,
The Sequence Of Tenses & The Reported Speech,
Engleski jezik,
Natalija Stanković,
Irena Matić-Todorović,
Gimnazija Aleksinac
The sequence of_tenses and the reported speech - Natalija Stanković - Irena M...NašaŠkola.Net
Takmičenje na portalu www.nasaskola.net
"biramo najbolju lekciju"
februar 2012. godine,
The Sequence Of Tenses & The Reported Speech,
Engleski jezik,
Natalija Stanković,
Irena Matić-Todorović,
Gimnazija Aleksinac
Brief introduction to Reported Speech for students of English. Includes a revision of tenses which usually go through "backshift" when reporting in the past tense. It also includes questions and orders in reported speech.
Brief introduction to Reported Speech for students of English. Includes a revision of tenses which usually go through "backshift" when reporting in the past tense. It also includes questions and orders in reported speech.
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The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
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The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
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Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
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How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
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How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
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Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
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This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Chapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptx
06-reported-speech.ppt
1. 1
REPORTED SPEECH
is very important for legal language,
because it is used in newspaper reports
of crimes and investigations, in reports
on trials, in judicial procedure…
2. 2
General rule:
1. When the introductory verb (say, tell, inform, state,
claim…) is in the present, present perfect or
future tense, no change in tense or adverbs of
time and place is necessary
Direct speech:
He says: “I don’t understand this question”.
Reported speech:
He says that he doesn’t understand this question.
3. 3
2. When the introductory verb is in the Past
Tense, there is a change of tense and
adverbs of time and place.
Direct speech:
He said: “I don’t understand this question”.
Reported speech:
He said that he didn’t understand that
question.
4. 4
CHANGE OF TENSES:
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
present past
present perfect past perfect
past past perfect
future past future
5. 5
CHANGE OF ADVERBS OF
TIME & PLACE
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
yesterday the day before
tomorrow the
next/following day
next day/week the following day/week
today that day
here
there
6. 6
CHANGE OF IMPERATIVE
(COMMANDS, WARNINGS, REQUESTS)
Direct speech:
He said: “Go home.”
Reported speech:
He told me to go home. (Infinitive)
“Stay in bed for a few days”, the doctor said to
me. The doctor told me to stay in bed for a
few days.
“Don’t shout”, I said to Jim. I told Jim not to
shout.
7. 7
CHANGE OF QUESTIONS
a) WH-questions: WH-word stays as conjunction
b) YES-NO-questions: we introduce conjunction if
or whether
Important: Word order changes into that of a
statement.
D.S. He asked me: “Do you find law
interesting?”
R.S. He asked me if I found law interesting.
8. 8
D.S. The police officer said to us: “Where
are you going?”
R.S. The police officer asked us where we
were going.
D.S. Clare said: “What time do the banks
close?”
R.S. Clare wanted to know what time the
banks closed.
9. 9
SAY and TELL
If you say who you are talking to, use tell:
Sonia told me that you were ill. (not “Sonia said me”)
What did you tell the police? (not “say the police”)
Otherwise use say:
Sonia said that you were ill. (not “Sonia told that..”)
What did you say?
But you can “say something to somebody”:
Ann said goodbye to me and left. (not “Ann said me
goodbye.”)
What did you say to the police?
10. 10
EXERCISES:
1. “I’m going out now, but I’ll be in by nine”, he said.
2. “I can’t live on my basic salary”, said Peter. “I’ll have to
offer to do overtime.”
3. “We are waiting for the school bus”, said the children.
“It is late again.”
4. “The ice will soon be hard enough to skate on”, said
Tom. “I’ll look for my skates when I get home”, Ann
said.
5. “Don’t lend Harry any money”, said Lucy. “He never
pays his debts.”
6. “Get into the right lane”, said the driving instructor.
7. “Who has been using my typewriter?” he asked.
8. “Would you like to come with us?” they asked.
11. 11
The following sentences are direct speech:
Don’t wait for
me if I’m late.
Please slow
down!
Will you
marry me?
Don’t
worry,
Sue.
Now choose one of these to complete each
sentence below. Use the reported speech.
1) Sarah was driving too fast, so I asked…..
2) I didn’t want to delay Ann, so I told…..
3) John was in love with Mary, so he….
4) Sue was very pessimistic about the situation. I
told….
12. 12
Complete the sentences with SAY or TELL.
1. Ann …. goodbye to me and left.
2. …. us about your holidays. Did you have a nice time?
3. Jack …. me that he was fed up with his job.
4. Don’t …. anybody what I …. It’s a secret just between
us.
5. George couldn’t help me. He …. me to ask Kate.
6. George couldn’t help me. He …. to ask Kate.
7. I wonder where Sue is. She …. she would be here at 8
o’clock.
8. The doctor …. that I should rest for at least a week.