This document contains a fluid mechanics and hydraulic machinery exam from November 2008 with 8 multiple choice questions. Each question has multiple parts related to fluid mechanics concepts like viscosity, continuity equations, pipe flow analysis, hydraulic turbines, pumps, and hydroelectric power plants. The questions require calculations of forces, work, head loss, discharge, power output, and specfic speed for different hydraulic applications and machines.
The document discusses the design of water distribution systems. It states that the design must satisfy water needs and maintain minimum residual pressures. It discusses pressure variations and velocity limits in distribution systems. It introduces the Hazen-Williams equation for calculating head loss in pipes based on flow rate, length, diameter and roughness coefficient. The document outlines Hardy's Cross Method for balancing flows in distribution networks using loop equations. It provides an example of applying the method to calculate pipe diameters and flows in a sample network.
This document summarizes different types of water distribution systems including branching patterns with dead ends, grid patterns, and grid patterns with loops. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each system and provides design considerations for water distribution systems such as minimum pipe diameters, velocity ranges, pressure requirements, and fire flow capacities. Hydraulic analysis methods like the dead-end method and Hardy-Cross method are also overviewed to calculate pipe flows and head losses in distribution networks.
Optimization techniques for water supply network a critical reviewIAEME Publication
This document provides a critical review of optimization techniques that have been used for water supply network design. It discusses various methods that have been developed over the past few decades to analyze and optimize pipe networks, including Newton Raphson, linear theory, genetic algorithms, particle swarm optimization, and ant colony optimization. The review examines literature on applying these techniques to optimize network design factors like cost, reliability, and water quality. Overall, the document surveys extensive research on using mathematical and computational optimization methods to develop more efficient and cost-effective water distribution systems.
Simulation of water distribution networks the use of epanetRiki Rahmadhan KS
The document discusses simulation of water distribution networks using EPANET software. It describes the key components of water networks like nodes, links, pipes and how EPANET can be used to analyze hydraulic and water quality behaviors by computing flow, pressure, and chlorine concentration throughout the network. The presentation provides an overview of the different elements that can be modeled in EPANET including reservoirs, tanks, pumps, valves and pipes as well as the inputs and outputs for each.
Seoul Water Pipe Network Enviroment Improvementsimrc
1) The document summarizes the current state of Seoul's water supply pipe networks, which include over 13,000 km of pipes of various diameters.
2) It discusses establishing a more efficient block system for the pipe networks and improving asset management of aging pipes through condition assessments.
3) The key measures proposed are establishing dual pipe networks, reorganizing the system into circular blocks supplied by alternative networks, and replacing pipes based on material and age.
Basics of network analysis
Need of soft wares in design of water distribution network
Capabilities of soft wares
Different soft wares used in design of water distribution network
Here are the key steps for working with EPANET and ArcGIS:
1. Create a water distribution network in ArcGIS by digitizing pipes, nodes, tanks, pumps etc. and add attribute data like diameters, elevations etc.
2. Export the GIS network to an EPANET input file with coordinates and attributes.
3. Run hydraulic and water quality simulations in EPANET.
4. Import EPANET output data like pressures, flows back into ArcGIS as event themes on the map for visualization and analysis.
5. Perform further analysis like locating low pressure areas, fire flow deficiencies etc. in ArcGIS by overlaying EPANET results on the network map.
The document discusses the design of water distribution systems. It states that the design must satisfy water needs and maintain minimum residual pressures. It discusses pressure variations and velocity limits in distribution systems. It introduces the Hazen-Williams equation for calculating head loss in pipes based on flow rate, length, diameter and roughness coefficient. The document outlines Hardy's Cross Method for balancing flows in distribution networks using loop equations. It provides an example of applying the method to calculate pipe diameters and flows in a sample network.
This document summarizes different types of water distribution systems including branching patterns with dead ends, grid patterns, and grid patterns with loops. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each system and provides design considerations for water distribution systems such as minimum pipe diameters, velocity ranges, pressure requirements, and fire flow capacities. Hydraulic analysis methods like the dead-end method and Hardy-Cross method are also overviewed to calculate pipe flows and head losses in distribution networks.
Optimization techniques for water supply network a critical reviewIAEME Publication
This document provides a critical review of optimization techniques that have been used for water supply network design. It discusses various methods that have been developed over the past few decades to analyze and optimize pipe networks, including Newton Raphson, linear theory, genetic algorithms, particle swarm optimization, and ant colony optimization. The review examines literature on applying these techniques to optimize network design factors like cost, reliability, and water quality. Overall, the document surveys extensive research on using mathematical and computational optimization methods to develop more efficient and cost-effective water distribution systems.
Simulation of water distribution networks the use of epanetRiki Rahmadhan KS
The document discusses simulation of water distribution networks using EPANET software. It describes the key components of water networks like nodes, links, pipes and how EPANET can be used to analyze hydraulic and water quality behaviors by computing flow, pressure, and chlorine concentration throughout the network. The presentation provides an overview of the different elements that can be modeled in EPANET including reservoirs, tanks, pumps, valves and pipes as well as the inputs and outputs for each.
Seoul Water Pipe Network Enviroment Improvementsimrc
1) The document summarizes the current state of Seoul's water supply pipe networks, which include over 13,000 km of pipes of various diameters.
2) It discusses establishing a more efficient block system for the pipe networks and improving asset management of aging pipes through condition assessments.
3) The key measures proposed are establishing dual pipe networks, reorganizing the system into circular blocks supplied by alternative networks, and replacing pipes based on material and age.
Basics of network analysis
Need of soft wares in design of water distribution network
Capabilities of soft wares
Different soft wares used in design of water distribution network
Here are the key steps for working with EPANET and ArcGIS:
1. Create a water distribution network in ArcGIS by digitizing pipes, nodes, tanks, pumps etc. and add attribute data like diameters, elevations etc.
2. Export the GIS network to an EPANET input file with coordinates and attributes.
3. Run hydraulic and water quality simulations in EPANET.
4. Import EPANET output data like pressures, flows back into ArcGIS as event themes on the map for visualization and analysis.
5. Perform further analysis like locating low pressure areas, fire flow deficiencies etc. in ArcGIS by overlaying EPANET results on the network map.
SIMULATION OF PRESSURE VARIATIONS WITHIN KIMILILI WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM USING E...IAEME Publication
Water Supply system is a system of engineered hydrologic and hydraulic components which provide water supply for domestic use, industrial purposes, fire fighting and so on. The system
comprises of intake structures, treatment units, storage tanks and distribution systems. A well designed water supply system is meant to operate optimally such that consumers have access to portable water of sufficient pressure and quality at all times. However during operations of water supply systems, cases of pressure drops, Leakages and contamination occur and the main challenge is the lack of a simple tool to accurately predict zones of low pressures and areas where quality is compromised.
WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM DESIGN REPORT UET LAHORE by envianMuhammad Usman
The report summarizes the design of a water distribution system for a housing society located near Upper Chanab Canal. It describes the study area, land use analysis, basics of water distribution systems, methodology using Hardy Cross and loop software, and design of the water distribution network for the housing society. The design considers grid iron layout, pumping with storage, and continuous water supply. Pipes of 225mm, 100mm and 75mm are proposed for the primary, secondary and tertiary networks respectively. The minimum residual head is set at 14m based on local criteria.
The Hazen-Williams formula and Darcy-Weisbach formula are commonly used to calculate flow velocity and head loss in pipes. The Hazen-Williams formula uses coefficients related to pipe material and condition to calculate velocity. The Darcy-Weisbach formula uses the friction factor, which varies based on pipe diameter and condition, to calculate head loss. Example calculations are provided applying these formulas to different pipe diameters, flows, and system lengths and slopes for the Kathmandu water supply system. Charts also show performance curves for submersible pumps under varying flow rates and heads.
The document provides details on the design of a sewer system for a housing society located in Jhelum, Pakistan. It includes preliminary investigations of the site, design considerations and criteria, and calculations for pipe sizing and slope between manholes. The design is based on a population forecast of 319 people in the future with an average daily sewage flow of 115 cubic meters and peak flow of 467 cubic meters. Calculations show a 225mm diameter pipe is required between the first two manholes with a slope of 0.0033 to maintain a minimum velocity of 0.7 meters per second.
The document discusses water distribution systems. It describes how distribution is the last phase of a water supply scheme. The function of a distribution system is to provide treated water to wherever it is needed in a city or town, maintaining quality and pressure. Distribution systems use networks of pipes of different sizes, as well as valves, fire hydrants, service connections, and water meters. Proper design of a distribution system considers factors like satisfying all demand types and meeting peak hourly flows. Continuous and intermittent water supply systems are also summarized.
The document discusses flow of fluids in pipelines including:
1. Laminar and turbulent flow and the factors that determine the transition between the two such as Reynolds number.
2. Methods for calculating head losses and pressure drops in pipes due to friction including the Darcy-Weisbach equation.
3. Factors that affect friction losses such as pipe roughness, geometry, and flow characteristics.
4. Analysis of flow in non-circular pipes using concepts like hydraulic diameter.
5. Examples of problems calculating flow characteristics like velocity and pressure changes in series and parallel pipe networks.
There are three main methods for distributing water:
1. Gravity distribution uses elevation to distribute water without pumps.
2. Pumping with storage pumps excess water into elevated storage during low usage, then gravity distributes from storage during high usage.
3. Direct pumping distributes water directly without storage using multiple pumps, but it has high costs and pressure fluctuations.
Distribution systems come in four main layouts:
1. Dead end or tree systems distribute from a main line to submains and houses.
2. Grid iron systems interconnect mains and submains to prevent stagnation.
3. Circle or belt systems use looped mains and submains around blocks.
This document summarizes the third edition of the Water Measurement Manual published by the U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation. It discusses the need for reliable water measurement to better manage water resources and extend existing supplies. It provides an overview of the benefits of improved water measurement, such as equitable allocation, reduced conflicts, improved decision making, and conservation. The manual contains guidance on selecting and using various devices to measure flow and aims to support accurate water management.
This document provides design considerations for a sewerage system for a small township. Key assumptions are made about sewage generation rates and peak flows. Manning's formula and the rational method are used to size sewer pipes and drainage channels. Population calculations are made to determine sewage flows from different areas. Pipes with a diameter of 15cm and slope of 1:85 are designed to collect sewage from individual units. A 22.5cm pipe with slope of 1:100 is designed to collect the total sewage flow. A rectangular concrete channel with 30cm width and depth is designed to collect rainfall runoff and discharge it based on calculations using Manning's formula.
The document discusses requirements, layouts, and components of water distribution systems. It describes four common distribution system layouts - dead end or tree system, grid iron system, circular or ring system, and radial system. It also discusses distribution reservoirs, valves including gate valves, globe valves, check valves, and pressure relief valves. Pipe supports, parameters to measure in pipes like pressure and temperature, and designing considerations for distribution systems are also covered.
The document describes a proposed water supply scheme that would provide potable drinking water to 15 habitations in Velliyamattom Panchayath and surrounding areas. It involves designing an intake structure on the Thodupuzha River, a 4 MLD water treatment plant, eight service reservoirs, over 130 km of distribution piping, and pumping stations to transfer water between components. The scheme is estimated to cost around 3.19 crore rupees and would meet the projected water demand for the area through 2031.
This document provides guidance on designing irrigation systems. It discusses key concepts like water flow in pipes, hydrostatic pressure, head loss, and lateral pipe characteristics. The document presents examples calculating water velocity, flow rate, pipe diameter, and pressure under different system configurations. It also examines alternatives for designing manifolds and subplots. The overall aim is to provide practical methods for laying out any pressure irrigation system based on hydraulic principles.
This document discusses formulas related to fluid flow in pipes. It lists the names of group members and describes the major losses due to friction and minor losses due to entrance/exit, changes in cross-section, valves, bends, and elbows. It then summarizes Darcy's formula for head loss due to friction and provides the variables in Chezy's formula for velocity of flow in an open channel.
Design of sewerage collection system and cost estimationVijay Kumar
Vijay Kumar from the Department of Civil Engineering at Jamia Millia Islamia submitted a report on the design of a sewerage system. The report reviewed the existing sewerage system criteria, designed a new sewerage system, and estimated the costs according to the Delhi Schedule of Rates from 2012. It described the purpose of a sewerage system, different sewer types, sewer appurtenances, design considerations and parameters, hydraulic design of sewer lines from manhole to manhole, and a cost estimate breakdown of the new sewerage system project.
This presentation includes the estimation of storm sewage generated as a result of storm/rainfall events. It includes the detailed usage of rational formula for quantity estimation with solved examples.
Analysis of the drinking water supply system of dire dawa town & proposal...Endale Belete
This thesis analyzes the drinking water supply system of Dire Dawa town in Ethiopia and proposes improvements for identified problems. It assesses the system's organization, finances, performance, distribution pipes, water storage, pumps, transmission lines, water treatment, and high nitrate levels. The analysis finds issues like lack of skilled staff, mineral buildup, high water loss, nitrate contamination, and limited system capacities. It is proposed to upgrade capacities, protect water sources, expand and rehabilitate distribution pipes, redesign pump operations, and implement waste management to address pollution. The study aims to ensure a sustainable, efficient water supply system for Dire Dawa town in the future.
This document discusses different types of water distribution systems. It describes four common layouts for distribution networks: dead end, grid iron, ring, and radial systems. It also categorizes distribution systems based on how water is distributed - by pumping, gravity, or a combination. Pumping systems require continuous operation and supervision but can distribute water without reservoirs. Gravity systems rely on elevation but require sufficient head. Combination systems use pumping to fill reservoirs and then distribute via gravity, reducing costs and satisfying fire demands efficiently. The document provides advantages and disadvantages of each layout and distribution type.
The document discusses formulas for calculating head loss in pipes due to fluid flow resistance. It describes the Darcy-Weisbach formula, which expresses head loss as a function of friction factor, pipe length and diameter, fluid velocity, and gravity. It also discusses the work of researchers like Darcy, Fanning, Colebrook and White who contributed to developing and refining formulas for calculating friction factors and head loss. The Moody chart enabled determining friction factors graphically based on Reynolds number and relative pipe roughness.
This document discusses laminar and turbulent flow in pipes. It defines the critical Reynolds number that distinguishes between the two flow regimes. For non-circular pipes, it introduces the hydraulic diameter to characterize the pipe geometry. The document then covers topics such as the developing flow region, fully developed flow profiles and pressure drop, the friction factor, minor losses, pipe networks, and pump selection.
We have come up as one of the most reliable as well as prominent Exporters and Suppliers of Vortex Gas Flow Meters in New Delhi. The Vortex Gas Flow Meters, offered by the company, are feature-studded products with a guarantee of quality. These Vortex Gas Flow Meters are known for their durability as well high efficiency.
Highlights Of Vortex Gas Flow Meters
Stable long term accuracy and repeatability
No routine maintenance required
Lower cost of installation than traditional orifice-type meters
Reduced possibility of process fluid leakage
No moving parts to wear
No special protection needed against extreme weather condition
Specifications
Size DN 25 to DN 3000
Service Liquid / Gas / Steam
Pressure 25 bar
Output Signal 4-20 mA
Communication Interface RS485
Accuracy + / - 0.5%, + / - 1%
Repeatability 0.2%
Protection IP 65 / IP 68
Employee influence on retail crowding effects the mediating role of responsiv...Hülya Bakırtaş
Specifically, the authors focus on one top-rated employee quality, responsiveness, and demonstrate its mediating role in tempering the undesirable aftereffects of crowding in the retail setting.
Simple Verb tense review: Present, Past, and FutureHussain Al-ghawi
It is a summary for Simple present, past, and future. It will help both teachers and students. I'm sure this sheet will improve students English skills.
SIMULATION OF PRESSURE VARIATIONS WITHIN KIMILILI WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM USING E...IAEME Publication
Water Supply system is a system of engineered hydrologic and hydraulic components which provide water supply for domestic use, industrial purposes, fire fighting and so on. The system
comprises of intake structures, treatment units, storage tanks and distribution systems. A well designed water supply system is meant to operate optimally such that consumers have access to portable water of sufficient pressure and quality at all times. However during operations of water supply systems, cases of pressure drops, Leakages and contamination occur and the main challenge is the lack of a simple tool to accurately predict zones of low pressures and areas where quality is compromised.
WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM DESIGN REPORT UET LAHORE by envianMuhammad Usman
The report summarizes the design of a water distribution system for a housing society located near Upper Chanab Canal. It describes the study area, land use analysis, basics of water distribution systems, methodology using Hardy Cross and loop software, and design of the water distribution network for the housing society. The design considers grid iron layout, pumping with storage, and continuous water supply. Pipes of 225mm, 100mm and 75mm are proposed for the primary, secondary and tertiary networks respectively. The minimum residual head is set at 14m based on local criteria.
The Hazen-Williams formula and Darcy-Weisbach formula are commonly used to calculate flow velocity and head loss in pipes. The Hazen-Williams formula uses coefficients related to pipe material and condition to calculate velocity. The Darcy-Weisbach formula uses the friction factor, which varies based on pipe diameter and condition, to calculate head loss. Example calculations are provided applying these formulas to different pipe diameters, flows, and system lengths and slopes for the Kathmandu water supply system. Charts also show performance curves for submersible pumps under varying flow rates and heads.
The document provides details on the design of a sewer system for a housing society located in Jhelum, Pakistan. It includes preliminary investigations of the site, design considerations and criteria, and calculations for pipe sizing and slope between manholes. The design is based on a population forecast of 319 people in the future with an average daily sewage flow of 115 cubic meters and peak flow of 467 cubic meters. Calculations show a 225mm diameter pipe is required between the first two manholes with a slope of 0.0033 to maintain a minimum velocity of 0.7 meters per second.
The document discusses water distribution systems. It describes how distribution is the last phase of a water supply scheme. The function of a distribution system is to provide treated water to wherever it is needed in a city or town, maintaining quality and pressure. Distribution systems use networks of pipes of different sizes, as well as valves, fire hydrants, service connections, and water meters. Proper design of a distribution system considers factors like satisfying all demand types and meeting peak hourly flows. Continuous and intermittent water supply systems are also summarized.
The document discusses flow of fluids in pipelines including:
1. Laminar and turbulent flow and the factors that determine the transition between the two such as Reynolds number.
2. Methods for calculating head losses and pressure drops in pipes due to friction including the Darcy-Weisbach equation.
3. Factors that affect friction losses such as pipe roughness, geometry, and flow characteristics.
4. Analysis of flow in non-circular pipes using concepts like hydraulic diameter.
5. Examples of problems calculating flow characteristics like velocity and pressure changes in series and parallel pipe networks.
There are three main methods for distributing water:
1. Gravity distribution uses elevation to distribute water without pumps.
2. Pumping with storage pumps excess water into elevated storage during low usage, then gravity distributes from storage during high usage.
3. Direct pumping distributes water directly without storage using multiple pumps, but it has high costs and pressure fluctuations.
Distribution systems come in four main layouts:
1. Dead end or tree systems distribute from a main line to submains and houses.
2. Grid iron systems interconnect mains and submains to prevent stagnation.
3. Circle or belt systems use looped mains and submains around blocks.
This document summarizes the third edition of the Water Measurement Manual published by the U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation. It discusses the need for reliable water measurement to better manage water resources and extend existing supplies. It provides an overview of the benefits of improved water measurement, such as equitable allocation, reduced conflicts, improved decision making, and conservation. The manual contains guidance on selecting and using various devices to measure flow and aims to support accurate water management.
This document provides design considerations for a sewerage system for a small township. Key assumptions are made about sewage generation rates and peak flows. Manning's formula and the rational method are used to size sewer pipes and drainage channels. Population calculations are made to determine sewage flows from different areas. Pipes with a diameter of 15cm and slope of 1:85 are designed to collect sewage from individual units. A 22.5cm pipe with slope of 1:100 is designed to collect the total sewage flow. A rectangular concrete channel with 30cm width and depth is designed to collect rainfall runoff and discharge it based on calculations using Manning's formula.
The document discusses requirements, layouts, and components of water distribution systems. It describes four common distribution system layouts - dead end or tree system, grid iron system, circular or ring system, and radial system. It also discusses distribution reservoirs, valves including gate valves, globe valves, check valves, and pressure relief valves. Pipe supports, parameters to measure in pipes like pressure and temperature, and designing considerations for distribution systems are also covered.
The document describes a proposed water supply scheme that would provide potable drinking water to 15 habitations in Velliyamattom Panchayath and surrounding areas. It involves designing an intake structure on the Thodupuzha River, a 4 MLD water treatment plant, eight service reservoirs, over 130 km of distribution piping, and pumping stations to transfer water between components. The scheme is estimated to cost around 3.19 crore rupees and would meet the projected water demand for the area through 2031.
This document provides guidance on designing irrigation systems. It discusses key concepts like water flow in pipes, hydrostatic pressure, head loss, and lateral pipe characteristics. The document presents examples calculating water velocity, flow rate, pipe diameter, and pressure under different system configurations. It also examines alternatives for designing manifolds and subplots. The overall aim is to provide practical methods for laying out any pressure irrigation system based on hydraulic principles.
This document discusses formulas related to fluid flow in pipes. It lists the names of group members and describes the major losses due to friction and minor losses due to entrance/exit, changes in cross-section, valves, bends, and elbows. It then summarizes Darcy's formula for head loss due to friction and provides the variables in Chezy's formula for velocity of flow in an open channel.
Design of sewerage collection system and cost estimationVijay Kumar
Vijay Kumar from the Department of Civil Engineering at Jamia Millia Islamia submitted a report on the design of a sewerage system. The report reviewed the existing sewerage system criteria, designed a new sewerage system, and estimated the costs according to the Delhi Schedule of Rates from 2012. It described the purpose of a sewerage system, different sewer types, sewer appurtenances, design considerations and parameters, hydraulic design of sewer lines from manhole to manhole, and a cost estimate breakdown of the new sewerage system project.
This presentation includes the estimation of storm sewage generated as a result of storm/rainfall events. It includes the detailed usage of rational formula for quantity estimation with solved examples.
Analysis of the drinking water supply system of dire dawa town & proposal...Endale Belete
This thesis analyzes the drinking water supply system of Dire Dawa town in Ethiopia and proposes improvements for identified problems. It assesses the system's organization, finances, performance, distribution pipes, water storage, pumps, transmission lines, water treatment, and high nitrate levels. The analysis finds issues like lack of skilled staff, mineral buildup, high water loss, nitrate contamination, and limited system capacities. It is proposed to upgrade capacities, protect water sources, expand and rehabilitate distribution pipes, redesign pump operations, and implement waste management to address pollution. The study aims to ensure a sustainable, efficient water supply system for Dire Dawa town in the future.
This document discusses different types of water distribution systems. It describes four common layouts for distribution networks: dead end, grid iron, ring, and radial systems. It also categorizes distribution systems based on how water is distributed - by pumping, gravity, or a combination. Pumping systems require continuous operation and supervision but can distribute water without reservoirs. Gravity systems rely on elevation but require sufficient head. Combination systems use pumping to fill reservoirs and then distribute via gravity, reducing costs and satisfying fire demands efficiently. The document provides advantages and disadvantages of each layout and distribution type.
The document discusses formulas for calculating head loss in pipes due to fluid flow resistance. It describes the Darcy-Weisbach formula, which expresses head loss as a function of friction factor, pipe length and diameter, fluid velocity, and gravity. It also discusses the work of researchers like Darcy, Fanning, Colebrook and White who contributed to developing and refining formulas for calculating friction factors and head loss. The Moody chart enabled determining friction factors graphically based on Reynolds number and relative pipe roughness.
This document discusses laminar and turbulent flow in pipes. It defines the critical Reynolds number that distinguishes between the two flow regimes. For non-circular pipes, it introduces the hydraulic diameter to characterize the pipe geometry. The document then covers topics such as the developing flow region, fully developed flow profiles and pressure drop, the friction factor, minor losses, pipe networks, and pump selection.
We have come up as one of the most reliable as well as prominent Exporters and Suppliers of Vortex Gas Flow Meters in New Delhi. The Vortex Gas Flow Meters, offered by the company, are feature-studded products with a guarantee of quality. These Vortex Gas Flow Meters are known for their durability as well high efficiency.
Highlights Of Vortex Gas Flow Meters
Stable long term accuracy and repeatability
No routine maintenance required
Lower cost of installation than traditional orifice-type meters
Reduced possibility of process fluid leakage
No moving parts to wear
No special protection needed against extreme weather condition
Specifications
Size DN 25 to DN 3000
Service Liquid / Gas / Steam
Pressure 25 bar
Output Signal 4-20 mA
Communication Interface RS485
Accuracy + / - 0.5%, + / - 1%
Repeatability 0.2%
Protection IP 65 / IP 68
Employee influence on retail crowding effects the mediating role of responsiv...Hülya Bakırtaş
Specifically, the authors focus on one top-rated employee quality, responsiveness, and demonstrate its mediating role in tempering the undesirable aftereffects of crowding in the retail setting.
Simple Verb tense review: Present, Past, and FutureHussain Al-ghawi
It is a summary for Simple present, past, and future. It will help both teachers and students. I'm sure this sheet will improve students English skills.
Депутатский запрос по ботам налога на интернетArtem Kozlyuk
Запрос депутата Госдумы Дмитрия Гудкова в Минэкономразвития по вопросу ботов и фейков при экспертном обсуждении проекта закона о налоге на интернет http://rublacklist.net/11151/
This essay outlines an introduction with a hook and thesis statement, three body paragraphs with topic sentences and supporting ideas and examples, and a conclusion that restates the topic, summarizes the three main points, and provides a suggestion. The document presents an outline for an essay with an introduction, three body paragraphs each with a topic sentence and two supporting points, and a conclusion section.
Комплекстный интернет-маркетинг
Продвижение бизнеса в сети Интернет
SEO-продвижение
Контекстная реклама
SMM-продвижение
Таргетированная реклама
Управление репутацией в сети.
Andrea García is a Spanish woman who currently works as an assistant. She has over 5 years of experience in customer service and administrative roles. Her skills include communication, organization, problem-solving, and attention to detail.
Centro de aprendizaje turismo creativo y sostenibleartesanodeltiempo
El documento describe un Centro de Aprendizaje para el Turismo Creativo y Sostenible que ofrece diversos servicios como investigación, capacitación y documentación sobre turismo y patrimonio. El Centro se fundamenta en una investigación antropológica del turismo iniciada en 2004 y ofrece productos y servicios de capacitación, consultoría, investigación y difusión sobre temas como turismo cultural, gestión de destinos y patrimonio.
05211201 A D V A N C E D D A T A S T R U C T U R E S A N D A L G O R I...guestd436758
This document contains an exam for a class on Advanced Data Structures and Algorithms. It lists 8 questions that students can choose 5 of to answer. The questions cover topics like classes and objects in C++, inheritance, exception handling, data structures like trees, heaps, and hash tables, and algorithms like sorting, searching trees, minimum spanning trees, and the traveling salesman problem. Students have 3 hours to answer 5 of the 8 questions, which range from coding exercises to explanations of concepts.
Este documento es un mapa conceptual creado por Erol Castro, estudiante de Ingeniería de Sistemas en el Instituto Politécnico "Santiago Mariño" en Venezuela. El mapa conceptual describe las variables aleatorias y fue realizado para un profesor llamado Carlos Antequera.
Este documento clasifica los diferentes tipos de software educativo, incluyendo software para práctica y ejercicios, tutoriales, simulaciones y juegos educativos. También discute la evaluación del software educativo y los componentes clave de los sistemas multimedia, como la motivación, movilidad entre opciones e información proporcionada.
Md Liton Ali is a SEO, SEM, SMM and web design expert currently working at Onubhuti IT Company who wants to gain experience as a freelancer on Upwork. He has 2 years of on and off page SEO experience and can take on all kinds of projects as he has a team. He is available 42 hours per week and will provide daily work reports, doing his best to build a long term relationship with employers. He provides his HSC certificate, scouts certificate, SSC marksheet, schoolership certificate and SSC testimonial.
Andrea García is a Spanish woman who currently works as an assistant. She has over 5 years of experience in customer service and administrative roles. Her skills include communication, organization, problem-solving, and attention to detail.
R05010303 C O M P U T E R P R O G R A M M I N G A N D N U M E R I C A L M E ...guestd436758
The document is a question paper for a Computer Programming and Numerical Methods exam containing 8 questions. Each question has multiple parts related to programming concepts in C language and numerical methods. The questions cover topics like C programming fundamentals, functions, arrays, pointers, structures, stacks, queues, and numerical techniques like Newton Raphson, bisection, interpolation, integration, and differential equations. Students have to answer any 5 out of the 8 questions in the exam.
Disruption. Fra forsvar til angreb - med bevidst innovationPeytz & Co
Hvordan disrupter man sig selv før andre gør det? Det fortalte innovationsdirektør Jens Poder om på Peytz & Co's morgeninspiration den 4 februar 2016. Her er hans slides.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang proses pembuatan minyak jagung secara industri, mulai dari bahan baku, proses ekstraksi menggunakan n-heksana, hingga manfaat minyak jagung yang rendah lemak jenuh."
Gerunds are verb forms ending in "-ing" that function as nouns. Gerunds can serve as subjects and objects of verbs. As subjects, gerunds take third-person singular verbs, such as "Learning math is difficult." As objects, gerunds follow verbs like "enjoy" and "discuss." Gerunds can also be used after prepositions or in combinations of verbs and prepositions, such as "worried about" or "believe in."
R05010105 A P P L I E D M E C H A N I C Sguestd436758
This document contains an examination for Applied Mechanics from the I B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations held in August/September 2008. It consists of 8 questions related to topics in applied mechanics, including forces, friction, belts, moments of inertia, and kinematics. Students were instructed to answer any 5 of the 8 questions, with all questions carrying equal marks. The questions involve calculations related to mechanical systems, structures, and motion.
M E C H A N I C S O F F L U I D S J N T U M O D E L P A P E R{Wwwguest3f9c6b
The document contains information about an examination for Mechanics of Fluids, including:
- The exam code, date, subject, and maximum marks
- Instructions to answer any 5 of 8 questions, with all questions carrying equal marks
- The 8 questions cover various topics in fluid mechanics, such as Pascal's law, streamlines, pressure differences, drag forces, boundary layers, pipe flow, and venturimeters.
The questions involve derivations, calculations, and explanations related to fluid properties, flow behaviors, and applications of concepts like continuity, energy, momentum, viscosity, and pressure. Diagrams may be required to fully answer some of the questions.
F L U I D M E C H A N I C S A N D H E A T T R A N S F E R J N T U M O D...guest3f9c6b
This document contains 8 questions related to fluid mechanics and heat transfer for a B.Tech exam. The questions cover various topics including:
1) Definitions of terms like bulk modulus, viscosity, stream function, and momentum equation.
2) Calculations involving power required to overcome viscous resistance, velocity and velocity potential, force on a pipe bend.
3) Derivations of equations for head loss in pipes, heat loss from a hollow sphere, film heat transfer coefficient, and effectiveness of a counterflow heat exchanger.
4) Problems involving determination of pipe diameter required to supply water to a city, heat loss from an insulated pipe, Reynolds number, and temperatures at the outlets of a
Hydraulic Machinery And Systems Jntu Model Paper{Www.Studentyogi.Com}guest3f9c6b
This document contains 8 questions related to hydraulic machinery and systems. The questions cover topics such as water jets, pumps, turbines, pipes and hydraulic systems. They involve calculating things like forces on plates from water jets, pump characteristics, power transmission through pipes, and more. The questions require applying equations and principles related to fluid mechanics, hydraulics, and hydraulic machinery.
This document contains information about a hydraulics and hydraulic machinery exam for a second year civil engineering course. It includes 8 questions on topics like specific energy, open channel flow, hydraulic machines, pumps, and hydroelectric power. Students must answer any 5 of the 8 questions. The questions involve derivations, calculations, and explanations related to hydraulics and hydraulic machinery concepts and applications.
This document contains a fluid mechanics exam for aeronautical engineering students. It includes 16 multi-part questions testing knowledge of fluid mechanics principles and calculations. The questions cover topics like viscosity, pipe flow, pumps, turbines, and dimensional analysis. Students are asked to define terms, calculate values like velocity and pressure given input parameters, analyze diagrams, and describe concepts such as boundary layers and model similarity. The exam is divided into three parts with varying point values assigned to parts A, B, and C.
This document contains 8 questions related to mechanics of fluids for an aeronautical engineering exam. The questions cover topics like Darcy's formula for head loss in pipes, Bernoulli's equation, boundary layers, stagnation properties, viscosity, venturimeters, and more. Students are asked to solve problems and derive equations related to fluid flow concepts.
This document appears to be an exam for a fluid mechanics and machinery course. It contains three parts:
Part A contains 10 short answer questions worth 2 marks each about fluid mechanics topics like the differences between liquids and gases, types of energy in flowing fluids, boundary layers, pipes in series, dimensional analysis, and hydraulic machinery components like impellers and turbines.
Part B contains 5 longer answer questions worth 13 marks each involving more complex fluid mechanics calculations and explanations of topics like bulk modulus, lubrication, flow types, pipe networks, boundary layers, dimensional analysis, and hydraulic similitude.
Part C contains 1 long answer question worth 15 marks involving detailed calculations about a Pelton turbine or ship model testing depending on
This document contains an exam paper for a Mechanics of Fluids and Hydraulic Machines course. It has two parts - Part A with 10 short answer questions worth a total of 25 marks, and Part B with 5 longer answer questions in each of 5 units worth 10 marks each. Some of the concepts and topics examined include: distinguishing between different types of manometers, pressure gauges, pumps and turbines; defining viscosity, surface tension, vapor pressure and their influence on fluid motion; deriving equations like continuity, Bernoulli and discharge equations; describing boundary layer flow and methods to prevent separation; explaining the working of components like venturi meters, draft tubes and pump impellers; and defining terms like specific speed, NPSH
1. This document contains an exam for a Hydraulics 1 course, including 6 questions covering concepts like fluid viscosity, pipe flow, hydroelectric power, and fluid mechanics.
2. The first question has 4 parts involving calculations of fluid viscosity from torque measurements, belt power over an oil film, pressure readings from a U-tube manometer, and length of a porous bed to absorb stormwater flow.
3. The second question involves calculating the weight and horizontal force on a submerged cylinder, and velocities and pressures in an open-top pipeline.
4. Additional questions cover topics like siphon summit pressure, residual head after a turbine, maximum height of a liquid jet from an inclined nozzle,
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This document provides a sample question paper for a fourth semester diploma course in civil engineering. It contains 6 long answer questions and 25 short answer questions testing concepts in hydraulics. The questions cover topics such as uses of hydraulics, fluid properties, pressure measurement, pipe flow, open channel flow, pumps and hydraulic structures. The paper tests both conceptual understanding and problem solving abilities of students.
Electrical Measurements Jntu Model Paper{Www.Studentyogi.Com}guest3f9c6b
This document contains 8 questions related to electrical measurements. Question 1 asks about potential divider arrangements for multi-range voltmeters and converting a meter movement into a multi-range voltmeter. Question 2 asks about differences between current and potential transformers, sources of errors in current transformers, and the equivalent circuit of a current transformer. Question 3 asks about types of errors and compensation methods in dynamometer-type wattmeters and differences between LPF and UPF wattmeters.
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This document appears to be an exam for the subject of Electrical Measurements. It contains 8 questions related to electrical measurement techniques and instruments. Some key topics covered in the questions include:
- Potential divider circuits for multi-range voltmeters
- Current and potential transformers
- Errors in dynamometer wattmeters and their compensation
- Operation of induction watt-hour meters
- Construction and working of potentiometers, ballistic galvanometers, and flux meters
- Measurement of high resistances using methods like loss of charge and Kelvin's double bridge
- Measurement of capacitance and inductance using bridges like Anderson bridge
This document contains a question bank for the fluid mechanics course CE6451 Fluid Mechanics and Machinery. It includes multiple choice and numerical questions covering topics like fluid properties, flow characteristics, flow through pipes, dimensional analysis, and similitude. The questions are divided into two parts - short answer conceptual questions in Part A and more complex numerical problems in Part B. An introduction provides background on the prepared by, course code, and college details.
Human: Thank you for summarizing the key information from the document in 3 concise sentences. You captured the essential elements like the topic being a question bank for a fluid mechanics course, the division of questions into conceptual and problems sections, and provided relevant context without unnecessary details
Assignment 3 (CH. 7-9)
Chapter 7
Questions (use complete sentences)
1) What is an electric field? Sketch the shape of the electric field around a single proton.
2) If a uniform electric field is pointing east, what is the direction of the force on an electron? What is the direction of force on a positive particle?
3) If electrons are flowing counter clock wise in a circuit, which way is the conventional current flowing?
4) Explain what current, voltage, and resistance are?
5) Describe the differences between circuits with resistors connected in series vs. parallel.
Problems (show your work)
1) Two charged particles exert an electrical force of 16 N on each other. What will the magnitude of the force be if the distance between them is reduced by half? What if the distance is doubled?
2) What would the separation between two particles each with a charge of 1 C have to be so that they each feel a force of 1 N.
3) A particle with a charge of 2.0 x 10-6 C experiences an upward force of 8N. What is the magnitude and direction of the electric field at that point? What if the charge was negative?
4) During 30 second of use, 250 C of charge flow through a microwave over. What is the current?
5) A current of 12 A flows through an electric heater operating on 120 V. What is the heater’s resistance?
6) The resistance of each brake light on an automobile is 6.6 Ω. Use the fact that cars have 12 V electrical systems to calculate the current that flows through each bulb.
7) An electric eel can generate a 400 V, 0.5 A shock for stunning its prey. What is the eel’s power output?
8) A clock consumes 2 W of electrical power. How much energy does it use each day?
Challenge (show work)
1) Three particles each with a charge of 2.5 x 10-6 C are located on the x-axis. There coordinates are (0,0), (2,0), and (6,0). What is the magnitude and direction of the electrical force on the particle located at (2,0)?
Chapter 8
Questions (use complete sentences)
1) Sketch the shape of the magnetic field around a bar magnet.
2) List the main type of electromagnetic waves in order of increasing frequency.
3) How does the radiation emitted by a black body change as its temperature increases?
4) What does a transformer do?
5) What are the three observations of magnetism talked about in class?
Problems (show work)
1) A cell phone charger is a transformer that reduces 120 V to 5V. For each 1,000 turns in the input coil, how many turns are there in the output coil?
2) What is the wavelength of a 60,000 Hz radio wave?
3) A transformer has an input coil of 2,000 turns, and an output coil of 500 turns. If 120 V is connected to the input coil how much voltage will it output?
4) Compute the frequency of an EM wave with a wavelength of 0.0542 m.
5) How much more energy would a black body radiate at 900 K vs 300 K?
6) What wavelength of light do humans mostly radiate if the human body temperature is 310 K?
Chapter 9
Questions (use complete sentences)
1) .
This document contains a question paper for a mechanical engineering examination with 15 multiple choice and numerical problems covering topics in fluid mechanics and machinery. The problems address concepts like cavitation, pressure drops in pipes, dimensional analysis, flow through turbines and pumps, and hydraulic efficiencies. The questions require calculations of flow rates, head losses, velocity triangles, and efficiencies based on given fluid properties, pipe dimensions, pump/turbine specifications, and operating conditions.
This document contains eight questions related to groundwater development and management. The questions cover topics such as remote sensing applications for groundwater assessment, equations relating freshwater outflow and interface length in confined and unconfined aquifers, seismic refraction methods, water balance equations, calculating drawdown and well yield, sieve analysis to determine aquifer material properties, and partial differential equations governing groundwater flow. Diagrams and detailed calculations are required to solve some of the problems.
This document contains solved problems from past years' electrical engineering exams. It includes 6 questions covering various electrical engineering concepts like circuit analysis, electromagnetism, instrumentation, electric machines, and power systems. Some key details include:
- Question 1 involves resistance calculations, Kirchhoff's laws, Thevenin's theorem, and capacitor calculations.
- Question 2 covers electromagnetism concepts like magnetic flux, self-inductance, and inductive circuits.
- Question 3 includes instrument calculations, power factor, and three-phase power systems.
- Questions 4 and 5 involve transformers, electric machines, and power system faults/operation.
- Question 6 discusses semiconductor devices, fuse selection, and
1. The document provides questions for a geotechnical engineering exam, with two main parts (A and B) containing multiple choice and descriptive questions.
2. Part A asks about objectives of soil exploration, methods for controlling groundwater during excavation, stress distribution theories, use of flownets, earth pressure theories, and locating phreatic lines.
3. Part B covers causes of slope failure, stability analysis methods, factors affecting bearing capacity, and terms related to settlement of foundations. Descriptive questions address topics like selection of boring depths, Newmark's method, seepage calculations, and stability of canal slopes.
This document contains four sets of questions for an exam on Basic Electronic Devices and Circuits. Each set contains 8 questions related to topics like electric fields, capacitors, diodes, transistors, amplifiers, and oscillators. The questions test understanding of concepts and involve calculations related to electronic devices and circuits.
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05210202 F L U I D M E C H A N I C S A N D H Y D R A U L I C M A C H I N E R Y
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Code No: R05210202
Set No. 1
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2008
FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
1. (a) Why does the viscosity of a gas increases with the increasing temperature
while that of liquid decreases with increasing temperature.
(b) Glycerin has a density of 1260 3 and kinematic viscosity of 0.00183
2/sec. What shear stress is required to deform this uid at a strain rate of
104 -1?
(c) A thin plate is placed between two at surfaces ‘h’ cm a part such that the vis-
cosity of liquids on the top and bottom of the plate are 1 2 respectively.
Determine the position of the thin plate such that the viscous resistance
to [4+4+8]
uniform motion of the thin plate is minimum. Assume ?h? to be very
2. (a) What do you mean by turbulence ?
small.
(b) What do you mean by one, two, three dimensional ow?
-
(c) Derive the continuity equation for one dimensional uid ow. [2+6+8]
3. (a) Derive the Darcy-weisbach equation for friction head loss in a pipe.
(b) Water is owing through a horizontal pipe line 1500m long and 200mm in
diameter. Pressures at the two ends of the pope line are respectively 12Kpa
and 2Kpa. If f = 0.015, determine the discharge through the pipe in litres per
minute. Consider only frictional loss. [8+8]
4. (a) Derive the expressions for force and work done per second by the jet when it
strikes a curved plate moving in the direction of the jet.
(b) A jet of water 20cm in diameter and moving with a velocity of 20m/sec im-
pinges normally on a series of at vanes mounted on the periphery of a wheel.
If the velocity of the vanes is 8m/sec, determine
i. the force exerted by the jet on the wheel
ii. work done by the jet on the wheel per second and
iii. hydraulic e ciency. [7+9]
5. (a) What are the elements of hydro electric power plants? Describe about water
ways and penstocks with neat sketches if necessary.
(b) The catchment area at a proposed site for a hydropower plant is 200 2 and
possible head of water is 140 m. The average annual rainfall is 145 cm and
the losses are 16%. How much power can be developed? [8+8]
1 of 2
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Code No: R05210202
Set No. 1
6. (a) Why is the end of a draft tube immersed below the tail water level. Explain
with a neat sketch. De ne draft tube e ciency and derive its equation
(b) A Kaplan turbine has the following details about its draft tube. Find the
pressure at inlet of the draft tube.
Inlet diameter of draft tube = 2m
Out let diameter of draft tube = 3m
Velocity of water at outlet = 4.2 m /sec
Atmosphere pressure = 10.1 m of water
Height of draft tube above tail race = 3.5m
Loss of head in draft tube = 0.2 times the velocity head at outlet. [8+8]
7. (a) De ne unit power and unit speed and derive the equations for the same. What
are their uses ?
(b) What is a surge tank and what are the uses of it in a hydropower turbine
installation ? Explain where and how it is located with the help of a neat
sketch. [8+8]
8. (a) What equation is employed to nd the work done by the impeller of a cen-
trifugal pump. Derive the equation for work done.
(b) What are the equations for work done and discharge of a reciprocating pump?
De ne the slip and coe cient of discharge of a reciprocating pump. [8+8]
2 of 2
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Code No: R05210202
Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2008
FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
1. (a) Obtain an expression for capillary rise of a liquid.
(b) The velocity distribution over a plate is given by V = 1/3 y - 2 in which v
is the velocity in m/sec at adistance y metres obve the plate. Determine the
stress at y = 0 and y = 0.1 m. Take = 0 835 - 2 [8+8]
2. A pipeline is 15 cm in diameter and is at an elevation of 100 m at section A. At
section B, it is at an elevation of 107.0 m and has a diameter of 30 cm. When a
discharge of 50 lit/sec of water is passed through this pipe, the pressure at section
A is observed to be 30 KPa. The energy loss in the pipe is 2 m. Calculate the
pressure at B when the ow is (i) from A to B, (ii) from B to A. [16]
3. (a) Explain how the following ow problems are analyzed.
i. Series pipe connection
ii. Parallel pipe connection
iii. Equivalent pipe connection.
(b) Water ows through a 10cm diameter, 30m long pipe at a rate of 1400 rpm.
What percent of head would be gained by replacing the central one third
length of pipe by another pipe of 20cm diameter. Assume that the changes
in section are abreept and f = 0.008 for all pipes. Neglect entrance and exit
losses but consider ma jor loss and losses due to sudden contraction and sudden
expansion. [9+7]
4. (a) Derive an expression for the force exerted by a jet striking the curved plate at
one end tangentially when the plate is symetrical.
(b) A jet of water 120 mm in diameter and moving with a velocity of 25m/sec
strikes normally on a at plate. Determine the power developed and the
e ciency of the system when
i. the plate is stationary
ii. the plate is moving with a velocity of 8m/sec in the direction of the jet.
And
iii. the plate is moving with a velocity of 8m/sec towards the jet. [7+9]
5. (a) What is the name of hydroelectric power station that uses the ow of stream
as it is available ? How do you compare this with reservoir or storage type of
power station ? Explain with neat sketches if necessary.
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Code No: R05210202
Set No. 2
(b) The hydro power plant has a turbine with the following details. Find the
power developed and what is the speci c speed of the turbine. Hydraulic
e ciency = 90%. Net head =65 1 discharge=15 3/s, speed=100 rpm [8+8]
6. (a) What is the classi cation of turbines ? How do you di erentiate among low
head, medium head and high head turbines ?
(b) A Pelton wheel is working under a head of 45m and the discharge is 0 8 3 .
The mean bucket speed is 14m/sec. Find the power produced if the jet is
de ected by the blades through an angle of 1650. The coe cient of velocity is
0.985 [10+6]
7. (a) What is speci c speed of a turbine ? Derive its expression and compare it
with unit speed. What are its applications ?
(b) An Impulse turbine has to maintain the same e ciency under di erent working
conditions. By what percentage shall the discharge increase if the head changes
from 50m to 75m. [10+6]
8. (a) What is manometric e ciency of a centrifugal pump? De ne with the help of
a sketch. Di erentiate it from volumetric e ciency and mechanical e ciency.
(b) A single acting reciprocating pump has a plunger of diameter 0.3m and stroke
of length 0.4m. If the speed of the pump is 60 rpm and coe cient of discharge
is 0.97, determine the percentage slip and actual discharge of the pump. [8+8]
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Code No: R05210202
Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2008
FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
1. (a) Distinguish between ideal uids and real uids. Explain the importance of
compressibility in uid ow.
(b) The velocity distribution in a ow of thin lm of oil down an inclined channel
is given by = 2µ * ( 2 - 2) . Where d=depth of ow, = angle of
inclination of that channel to the horizontal, u = velo city at a depth ‘y’ below
the free surface, = unit weight of oil and = dynamic viscosity oil. Calculate
the shear stress
i. on the bottom of channel,
ii. at mid depth and
iii. at the free surface. [8+8]
2. (a) State the momentum equation. How will you apply momentum equation for
determining the force exerted by a owing uid on a pipe bend?
(b) The top and bottom diameters of a 2.0 m long vertical tapering pipe are 10
cm and 5 cm respectively. Water ows down the pipe at a rate of 30 lit/sec.
Find the pressure di erence between the two ends of the pipe. [8+8]
3. (a) Derive an expression for head loss due to sudden enlargement of a pipe
(b) An oil of speci c gravity 0.85 and viscosity 5CP ows through a pipe of di-
ameter 400mm at the rate of 50 lit/sec. Find the head lost in friction in this
pipe of length 1000Km. Assume that f = 0.079/ N N is Reynolds
Number. [8+8]
4. (a) What do you mean by impact of jet. Explain
(b) Derive an expression for force exerted by the jet on a stationary vertical plate.
(c) A 10cm diameter jet of water exerts a force of 2 KN in the direction of ow
against a stationary at plate which is inclained at an angle of 300 with the
axis of the stream. Find
i. Force normal to the plate
ii. velocity of the jet
iii. mass ow rate of water Kg/sec. [2+6+8]
5. (a) De ne mass curve. Explain how the storage capacity of a reservoir is estimated
using a mass curve.
(b) Di erentiate between net head and gross head of a turbine with a neat sketch.
List out the e ciencies of a turbine and de ne them. [8+8]
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Code No: R05210202
Set No. 3
6. (a) De ne a turbine and bring out the di erences between reaction turbine and
impulse turbine in a tabular form.
(b) The details of a Pelton wheel turbine installation are given below. Find the
power developed and hydraulic e ciency.
Gross head = 510 m
Loss of head in penstock = 30%
Discharge through nozzle = 2.2 3 / sec
Angle of de ection of jet = 1650
Co e cient of velocity v = 1
Speed ratio u= 0.45 [8+8]
7. (a) De ne and write about characteristic curves of hydraulic turbines ? With the
help of neat sketches explain their practical uses.
(b) A turbine develops 10000 Kw with an overall e ciency of 90%. The head of
water is 90 m and the speed of turbine is 120 rpm. What is the ow rate
of water for the turbine ? Find unit power, unit discharge, unit speed and
speci c speed of the turbine. What is the type of turbine. [8+8]
8. (a) Why do es a centrifugal pump get its name ? Explain the working of a cen-
trifugal pump with a neat diagram showing di erent parts.
(b) Explain clearly the e ect of acceleration of piston on velocity and pressure in
suction pipe and delivery pipe. De ne slip and coe cient of discharge and
write their equations. [6+10]
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Code No: R05210202
Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2008
FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
1. (a) State Newton’s equation of viscosity and give examples of its application.
(b) An oil of viscosity 5 poise is used for lubrication between a shaft and sleeve.
The diameter of shaft is 0.5 m and it rotates at 200 rpm. Calculate the horse
power lost in the oil for a sleeve length of 100 mm. The thickness of the oil
lm is 1.0 mm. [8+8]
2. (a) Explain what is meant by stream tube. What is the use of concept of stream
tube?
(b) At a point in the pipe line where diameter is 20 cm, the velo city of water is
4 m/s and the pressure is 343 2. At a point 15 cm downstream, the
diameter reduces to 10cm. Calculate the pressure at this point, if the pipe is
vertical with ow downward. Neglect the losses. [8+8]
3. (a) De ne Ma jor Energy Loss and Minor Energy Loss.
(b) Brie y explain Hydraulic Gradiant Line and Total Energy Line.
(c) The rate of ow of water through a horizontal pope is 0 3 3 . The di-
ameter of the pipe is suddenly enlarged fron 25cm to 50cm. The pressure
intensity in the smaller pipe is 1 4 2. Determine loss of head due to
sudden enlargement, pressure intensity in the large pipe and power lost due
to enlargement. [4+4+8]
4. (a) Derive the expressions for force and work done per second by the jet when it
strikes a at vertical plate moving in the direction of the jet and away from
the jet.
(b) A jet of water of 75mm diameter strikes a curved vane at its center with a
velo city of 20m/sec. The curved vane is moving with a velocity of 8m/sec in
the direction of jet. Find the force exerted on the plate in the direction of the
jet power and e ciency of the jet. Assume the plate to be smooth. [8+8]
5. (a) List and write elaborately about the elements of Hydroelectric station with
neat sketches .
(b) The head and discharge of a hydro electric plant are 28m and 330 3
respectively. The installed turbine works with an e ciency of 86%. Find the
power developed. [10+6]
6. (a) How are the turbines classi ed under di erent heads ? Give sketches wherever
necessary.
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Code No: R05210202
Set No. 4
(b) A Pelton wheel turbine works with the following details. Determine the water
power available at the nozzle and hydraulic e ciency
Net head = 700 m
Speed of runner = 950 rpm
Diameter of runner = 1.2 m
Discharge through the nozzle = 0.15 3/ sec
Side clearance angle = 150
Co e cient of velocity v = 0.9
Blade friction coe cient K = 1
[8+8]
7. (a) What is meant by cavitation ? What is Thoma,s cavitation factor and what
is its signi cance for turbines ? Elaborate what you understand by water
hammer phenomenon in turbines.
(b) A turbine works under a head of 25m at 200 rpm and the discharge is 9 3 /
sec. If the overall e ciency is 90%, determine Power generated, Speci c speed
of the turbine and Type of turbines. [10+6]
8. (a) What is manometric e ciency of a centrifugal pump? De ne with the help of
a sketch. Di erentiate it from volumetric e ciency and mechanical e ciency.
(b) A single acting reciprocating pump has a plunger of diameter 0.3m and stroke
of length 0.4m. If the speed of the pump is 60 rpm and coe cient of discharge
is 0.97, determine the percentage slip and actual discharge of the pump. [8+8]
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