The document summarizes religion and its role in the Roman army from the early empire through late antiquity in 3 parts:
1. Religion was initially important for military victory and imperial legitimacy. Soldiers worshipped gods of war and victory. Some Christians served but were seen as a threat.
2. Later, Christianity rose in prominence. The Christian God was believed to grant victory to Roman armies. Religious practices in the army shifted to support Christianity.
3. By late antiquity, military defeats were sometimes interpreted as divine punishment for religious errors or sins. God was seen to use foreign armies to discipline Romans. The army remained a highly religious institution even as Christianity became dominant.
The vision Daniel sees involves a ram with two horns representing the Medo-Persian Empire and a male goat with a notable horn representing the Greek Empire of Alexander the Great. A little horn arises from one of the four kingdoms after Alexander's death and is identified as Antiochus IV Epiphanes who desecrates the Jewish temple. An angel tells Daniel the sanctuary will be cleansed after either 2,300 days or 1,150 days depending on interpretation, referring to Judas Maccabeus' reconsecration of the temple from Antiochus' desecration.
This document provides commentary on Daniel 11:1-15, which outlines the history between the Persian Empire and the people of God, and then the Grecian Empire and the people of God. It summarizes the succession of kings in the Persian Empire after Cyrus, and the divisions that arose after Alexander the Great's death. The main focus is on the series of conflicts known as the Syrian Wars between the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt (king of the south) and the Seleucid dynasty in Syria (king of the north), as they vied for power over Palestine where God's people lived.
The documentary examines the Crusades between Christians and Muslims from the 11th to 13th centuries over control of holy sites in Jerusalem. It explores both the religious motivations for the bloody conflicts as well as the political and economic factors, as both sides sought to defend their faiths and control important trade routes. While the Crusades ended militarily in the 13th century, their legacy lives on in the charged language used today to describe religiously-motivated conflicts.
Daniel receives a vision revealing a great conflict between good and evil that would affect God's people in the last days. Though the vision was given in the third year of Cyrus' rule, its meaning was not fully understood until later. Daniel mourned and fasted for three weeks seeking greater understanding of what he had seen regarding the restoration of God's people and sanctuary. His strict diet and abstinence from luxuries during this time helped sharpen his mind to discern the Holy Spirit's revelations. The vision in chapter 10 provides further explanation of the restoration outlined in Daniel 8-9.
This document discusses Old Testament prophecy and its application today. It summarizes Daniel's prophecies about future kings and Israel. It also discusses Ezekiel's prophecies about Israel's restoration and return to their land, including the building of a new temple. Finally, it examines several past and future wars involving Israel that are described in the Old Testament, including Psalm 83, Ezekiel 38-39, and Armageddon. The overall message is that Old Testament prophecy provides confidence in God's plan for Israel and the world.
Sesi 6a interpretasi teks yosua 1 conquest AlbertusPur
The document discusses the book of Joshua and its interpretation. It begins by summarizing the opening text of Joshua 1:1-9, noting that it establishes Joshua as the successor to Moses and frames the land as a gift from God contingent on obedience to the Torah. It then examines models of Assyrian royal propaganda that influenced the composition of the conquest narratives, suggesting they were adapted to assert Yahweh's supremacy over Assyrian gods. The document also analyzes the portrayal of Israel's entry into the promised land and the battles for the land, noting they served a homiletic purpose rather than providing historical information.
The document provides a table of contents for a Bible study textbook series on Isaiah. It lists the authors and titles for volumes on Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, Joshua-Judges, 1 & 2 Samuel, Isaiah, and doctrinal books on subjects like the Church, the Holy Spirit, and intertestamental periods. It also includes dedications for volumes 3 of Isaiah and Ecclesiastes/Song of Solomon.
The document summarizes religion and its role in the Roman army from the early empire through late antiquity in 3 parts:
1. Religion was initially important for military victory and imperial legitimacy. Soldiers worshipped gods of war and victory. Some Christians served but were seen as a threat.
2. Later, Christianity rose in prominence. The Christian God was believed to grant victory to Roman armies. Religious practices in the army shifted to support Christianity.
3. By late antiquity, military defeats were sometimes interpreted as divine punishment for religious errors or sins. God was seen to use foreign armies to discipline Romans. The army remained a highly religious institution even as Christianity became dominant.
The vision Daniel sees involves a ram with two horns representing the Medo-Persian Empire and a male goat with a notable horn representing the Greek Empire of Alexander the Great. A little horn arises from one of the four kingdoms after Alexander's death and is identified as Antiochus IV Epiphanes who desecrates the Jewish temple. An angel tells Daniel the sanctuary will be cleansed after either 2,300 days or 1,150 days depending on interpretation, referring to Judas Maccabeus' reconsecration of the temple from Antiochus' desecration.
This document provides commentary on Daniel 11:1-15, which outlines the history between the Persian Empire and the people of God, and then the Grecian Empire and the people of God. It summarizes the succession of kings in the Persian Empire after Cyrus, and the divisions that arose after Alexander the Great's death. The main focus is on the series of conflicts known as the Syrian Wars between the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt (king of the south) and the Seleucid dynasty in Syria (king of the north), as they vied for power over Palestine where God's people lived.
The documentary examines the Crusades between Christians and Muslims from the 11th to 13th centuries over control of holy sites in Jerusalem. It explores both the religious motivations for the bloody conflicts as well as the political and economic factors, as both sides sought to defend their faiths and control important trade routes. While the Crusades ended militarily in the 13th century, their legacy lives on in the charged language used today to describe religiously-motivated conflicts.
Daniel receives a vision revealing a great conflict between good and evil that would affect God's people in the last days. Though the vision was given in the third year of Cyrus' rule, its meaning was not fully understood until later. Daniel mourned and fasted for three weeks seeking greater understanding of what he had seen regarding the restoration of God's people and sanctuary. His strict diet and abstinence from luxuries during this time helped sharpen his mind to discern the Holy Spirit's revelations. The vision in chapter 10 provides further explanation of the restoration outlined in Daniel 8-9.
This document discusses Old Testament prophecy and its application today. It summarizes Daniel's prophecies about future kings and Israel. It also discusses Ezekiel's prophecies about Israel's restoration and return to their land, including the building of a new temple. Finally, it examines several past and future wars involving Israel that are described in the Old Testament, including Psalm 83, Ezekiel 38-39, and Armageddon. The overall message is that Old Testament prophecy provides confidence in God's plan for Israel and the world.
Sesi 6a interpretasi teks yosua 1 conquest AlbertusPur
The document discusses the book of Joshua and its interpretation. It begins by summarizing the opening text of Joshua 1:1-9, noting that it establishes Joshua as the successor to Moses and frames the land as a gift from God contingent on obedience to the Torah. It then examines models of Assyrian royal propaganda that influenced the composition of the conquest narratives, suggesting they were adapted to assert Yahweh's supremacy over Assyrian gods. The document also analyzes the portrayal of Israel's entry into the promised land and the battles for the land, noting they served a homiletic purpose rather than providing historical information.
The document provides a table of contents for a Bible study textbook series on Isaiah. It lists the authors and titles for volumes on Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, Joshua-Judges, 1 & 2 Samuel, Isaiah, and doctrinal books on subjects like the Church, the Holy Spirit, and intertestamental periods. It also includes dedications for volumes 3 of Isaiah and Ecclesiastes/Song of Solomon.
God will judge the whole world for rebelling against his sovereignty. All human institutions and rulers that have opposed God's plan will be destroyed. The earth will be laid waste as both the powerful and powerless are judged equally. The world faces this judgment because people have violated God's laws and broken his covenant. As a result of this sin and rebellion, society has become morally corrupted and is disintegrating. Only a remnant of faithful people will escape this coming judgment from God.
Looks at how the last two chapters of the Book of Daniel fit in with the end times chronology of the New Testament in the Book of Revelation and Synoptic Gospels.
1) Daniel has a vision of a two-horned ram being attacked and defeated by a goat with a prominent horn between its eyes.
2) The goat's large horn is broken off and replaced by four prominent horns. Another small horn grows and becomes very powerful, threatening heavenly beings.
3) The vision is explained to Daniel - the ram represents the kings of Media and Persia, while the goat is the king of Greece. The small horn represents a future wicked king who will prosper for a time but will ultimately be destroyed.
The document summarizes Daniel's vision in chapter 8 of a ram with two horns and a male goat with a notable horn between its eyes. The ram represents the Medo-Persian empire while the goat is Greece under Alexander the Great. Alexander's empire was divided among four generals after his death, represented by the four horns that emerged. One of the horns became a powerful "little horn" that persecuted God's people, which is identified as the pagan Roman empire. It then describes how the papal Roman empire gained power through its union of church and state, casting down paganism and oppressing God's truth for 1260 years.
The document discusses theories about the Star of Bethlehem mentioned in the Bible. It examines possible identities of the wise men, dates the star based on historical evidence like king Herod's reign, and considers both supernatural and natural explanations for the star. The document outlines its plan to provide background on the wise men and Herod, discuss dating methods, and analyze supernatural and natural theories for the star before drawing conclusions.
The Hebrew term śāṭān (Hebrew: שָׂטָן) is a generic noun meaning "accuser" or "adversary",[7][8] and is derived from a verb meaning primarily "to obstruct, oppose".[9] In the earlier biblical books, e.g. 1 Samuel 29:4, it refer to human adversaries, but in the later books, especially Job 1-2 and Zechariah 3, to a supernatural entity.[8] When used without the definite article (simply satan), it can refer to any accuser,[10] but when it is used with the definite article (ha-satan), it usually refers specifically to the heavenly accuser, the satan.[10]
The word with the definite article Ha-Satan (Hebrew: הַשָּׂטָן hasSāṭān) occurs 17 times in the Masoretic Text, in two books of the Hebrew Bible: Job ch. 1–2 (14×) and Zechariah 3:1–2 (3×).[11] [12] It is translated in English bibles mostly as 'Satan' (18x in Book of Job, I Books of Chronicles and Book of Zechariah).
The word without the definite article is used in 10 instances, of which two are translated diabolos in the Septuagint. It is translated in English Bibles as 'an accuser' (1x) but mostly as 'an adversary' (9x as in Book of Numbers, 1 & 2 Samuel and 1 Kings).
1 Chronicles 21:1, "Satan stood up against Israel" (KJV) or "And there standeth up an adversary against Israel" (Young's Literal Translation)[13]
Psalm 109:6b "and let Satan stand at his right hand" (KJV)[14] or "let an accuser stand at his right hand." (ESV, etc.)
The word does not occur in the Book of Genesis, which mentions only a talking serpent and does not identify the serpent with any supernatural entity.[15] The first occurrence of the word "satan" in the Hebrew Bible in reference to a supernatural figure comes from Numbers 22:22,[7] which describes the Angel of Yahweh confronting Balaam on his donkey:[6] "Balaam's departure aroused the wrath of Elohim, and the Angel of Yahweh stood in the road as a satan against him."[7] In 2 Samuel 24, Yahweh sends the "Angel of Yahweh" to inflict a plague against Israel for three days, killing 70,000 people as punishment for David having taken a census without his approval.[16] 1 Chronicles 21:1 repeats this story,[16] but replaces the "Angel of Yahweh" with an entity referred to as "a satan".[16]
Some passages clearly refer to the satan, without using the word itself.[17] 1 Samuel 2:12 describes the sons of Eli as "sons of Belial";[18] the later usage of this word makes it clearly a synonym for "satan".[18] In 1 Samuel 16:14–23 Yahweh sends a "troubling spirit" to torment King Saul as a mechanism to ingratiate David with the king.[19] In 1 Kings 22:19–25, the prophet Micaiah describes to King Ahab a vision of Yahweh sitting on his throne surrounded by the Host of Heaven.[18] Yahweh asks the Host which of them will lead Ahab astray.[18] A "spirit", whose name is not specified, but who is analogous to the satan, volunteers to be "a Lying Spirit in the mouth of all his Prophets".[18]
Book of Job
The Examination of Job (c. 1821) by William Blake
The satan appears in the Book of Job, a poe
Recently, when requested for notes about prophecies of the Messiah, we discovered that, for some reason, this power point and notes are not posted at the site! I apologize for the oversight. Here are notes and a power point by Dr. John Oakes on this very important topic.
This is the basis for a daylong Lenten retreat, originally given to Parish Catechetical Leaders in the Catholic Archdiocese of Oklahoma City in March, 2010.
This document provides a summary of the works of Flavius Josephus, a 1st century Roman-Jewish historian. It outlines his major works, including The War of the Jews, which describes the Roman siege and destruction of Jerusalem in 70 CE, as well as Antiquities of the Jews, his history of the Jewish people from creation to the Roman period. The document summarizes the biographical details of Josephus and the historical context surrounding his works, which provide valuable eyewitness accounts of this pivotal era.
This document summarizes Christian martyrdom from the days of the Apostles to 1000 AD. It describes how early Christians faced intense persecution from the beginning, as many Apostles such as Stephen, James the Great, and Philip were martyred for their faith. It provides brief accounts of the martyrdom of each Apostle, including being stoned, crucified, burned, or beaten to death. The document establishes that despite facing persecution from the Roman Empire and others throughout the first thousand years, the Christian church endured and grew.
This chapter traces the migrations of Israelite tribes across Europe from 745 BC to around 1250 AD. It discusses how various European tribes, like the Goths, Vandals, Franks and Anglo-Saxons, were descended from the twelve tribes of Israel. It also examines specific Israelite tribal origins of place names like Denmark, Russia, and regions in Germany. The migrations were spurred by invasions from groups like the Huns, Avars, and Mongols continually driving the Israelite tribes further west.
A verse by verse commentary on Exodus 14 dealing with Pharaoh changing his mind and going after the Israelites with his vast army of chariots. Moses parts the water and the people cross over, but the Egyptians are covered with water as it closes over them and Israel is safe on the other side.
The document discusses the close relationship between religion and warfare in late antiquity and the early middle ages. It examines primary sources that show how military victory was often attributed to divine favor. The session aims to explore conceptions of "holy war" in both the Eastern and Western worlds, as well as in Christian and early Islamic contexts. Differences and similarities between these conceptions will be analyzed over time, from the Roman imperial army to developments in the Byzantine Empire, Western Europe, and the early Islamic caliphate.
This document discusses biblical time prophecies found in Daniel chapters 8 and 9 regarding the coming Messiah. It explains that Daniel was shown a vision of 2300 days/years which was later interpreted by the angel Gabriel. Gabriel revealed that within this period there was a timeframe of 70 weeks/490 years that referred to Jesus as the Messiah who would be "cut off" at the cross. The document analyzes how these prophecies accurately foretold the timing of Jesus' baptism and crucifixion according to historical records. It asserts that the remaining unfulfilled years point to the cleansing of the heavenly sanctuary in 1844.
The destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple in 70 AD by the Romans under Titus marked the end of Jewish independence and sovereignty over the land of Israel. Many Jews were killed or exiled, and the remaining population was prohibited from rebuilding Jerusalem. This led to the large-scale dispersion of Jews (Diaspora) across the Roman Empire and beyond. In the aftermath, Jewish religious leaders established schools to preserve Jewish law, traditions and identity without the Temple, eventually compiling these teachings into the Mishnah and Talmud. This laid the foundations for an autonomous Jewish society and religion even without a land or Temple.
God used Joseph and Moses to fulfill His promise to Abraham to make a great nation and be a blessing to all nations. Joseph was sold into slavery in Egypt but rose to a position of power, saving the Egyptians and surrounding nations from famine. Moses was called by God to deliver the Israelites from slavery in Egypt, confronting Pharaoh with ten plagues that demonstrated God's power over the Egyptian gods. The Exodus was meant to show God's saving power and make His name known throughout the earth.
The document provides commentary on Isaiah 3 from multiple scholars. It discusses how God will judge Jerusalem and Judah by removing their sources of support. This includes taking away their food and water supplies, military leaders, government officials, skilled workers, and replacing their rulers with child-like leaders. The removal of these supports will lead to the downfall of the nation as predicted in Isaiah 3.
The document provides an overview of how the book of Revelation draws heavily from imagery and themes found in the Old Testament. It discusses numerous examples where events, figures and symbols described in Revelation parallel or allude to specific people, places and prophecies in the OT. These include references to the menorah, four living creatures, seven seals/trumpets, two witnesses, Babylon's fall, and more. The document aims to show how Revelation is deeply rooted in the OT textual and theological tradition.
God will judge the whole world for rebelling against his sovereignty. All human institutions and rulers that have opposed God's plan will be destroyed. The earth will be laid waste as both the powerful and powerless are judged equally. The world faces this judgment because people have violated God's laws and broken his covenant. As a result of this sin and rebellion, society has become morally corrupted and is disintegrating. Only a remnant of faithful people will escape this coming judgment from God.
Looks at how the last two chapters of the Book of Daniel fit in with the end times chronology of the New Testament in the Book of Revelation and Synoptic Gospels.
1) Daniel has a vision of a two-horned ram being attacked and defeated by a goat with a prominent horn between its eyes.
2) The goat's large horn is broken off and replaced by four prominent horns. Another small horn grows and becomes very powerful, threatening heavenly beings.
3) The vision is explained to Daniel - the ram represents the kings of Media and Persia, while the goat is the king of Greece. The small horn represents a future wicked king who will prosper for a time but will ultimately be destroyed.
The document summarizes Daniel's vision in chapter 8 of a ram with two horns and a male goat with a notable horn between its eyes. The ram represents the Medo-Persian empire while the goat is Greece under Alexander the Great. Alexander's empire was divided among four generals after his death, represented by the four horns that emerged. One of the horns became a powerful "little horn" that persecuted God's people, which is identified as the pagan Roman empire. It then describes how the papal Roman empire gained power through its union of church and state, casting down paganism and oppressing God's truth for 1260 years.
The document discusses theories about the Star of Bethlehem mentioned in the Bible. It examines possible identities of the wise men, dates the star based on historical evidence like king Herod's reign, and considers both supernatural and natural explanations for the star. The document outlines its plan to provide background on the wise men and Herod, discuss dating methods, and analyze supernatural and natural theories for the star before drawing conclusions.
The Hebrew term śāṭān (Hebrew: שָׂטָן) is a generic noun meaning "accuser" or "adversary",[7][8] and is derived from a verb meaning primarily "to obstruct, oppose".[9] In the earlier biblical books, e.g. 1 Samuel 29:4, it refer to human adversaries, but in the later books, especially Job 1-2 and Zechariah 3, to a supernatural entity.[8] When used without the definite article (simply satan), it can refer to any accuser,[10] but when it is used with the definite article (ha-satan), it usually refers specifically to the heavenly accuser, the satan.[10]
The word with the definite article Ha-Satan (Hebrew: הַשָּׂטָן hasSāṭān) occurs 17 times in the Masoretic Text, in two books of the Hebrew Bible: Job ch. 1–2 (14×) and Zechariah 3:1–2 (3×).[11] [12] It is translated in English bibles mostly as 'Satan' (18x in Book of Job, I Books of Chronicles and Book of Zechariah).
The word without the definite article is used in 10 instances, of which two are translated diabolos in the Septuagint. It is translated in English Bibles as 'an accuser' (1x) but mostly as 'an adversary' (9x as in Book of Numbers, 1 & 2 Samuel and 1 Kings).
1 Chronicles 21:1, "Satan stood up against Israel" (KJV) or "And there standeth up an adversary against Israel" (Young's Literal Translation)[13]
Psalm 109:6b "and let Satan stand at his right hand" (KJV)[14] or "let an accuser stand at his right hand." (ESV, etc.)
The word does not occur in the Book of Genesis, which mentions only a talking serpent and does not identify the serpent with any supernatural entity.[15] The first occurrence of the word "satan" in the Hebrew Bible in reference to a supernatural figure comes from Numbers 22:22,[7] which describes the Angel of Yahweh confronting Balaam on his donkey:[6] "Balaam's departure aroused the wrath of Elohim, and the Angel of Yahweh stood in the road as a satan against him."[7] In 2 Samuel 24, Yahweh sends the "Angel of Yahweh" to inflict a plague against Israel for three days, killing 70,000 people as punishment for David having taken a census without his approval.[16] 1 Chronicles 21:1 repeats this story,[16] but replaces the "Angel of Yahweh" with an entity referred to as "a satan".[16]
Some passages clearly refer to the satan, without using the word itself.[17] 1 Samuel 2:12 describes the sons of Eli as "sons of Belial";[18] the later usage of this word makes it clearly a synonym for "satan".[18] In 1 Samuel 16:14–23 Yahweh sends a "troubling spirit" to torment King Saul as a mechanism to ingratiate David with the king.[19] In 1 Kings 22:19–25, the prophet Micaiah describes to King Ahab a vision of Yahweh sitting on his throne surrounded by the Host of Heaven.[18] Yahweh asks the Host which of them will lead Ahab astray.[18] A "spirit", whose name is not specified, but who is analogous to the satan, volunteers to be "a Lying Spirit in the mouth of all his Prophets".[18]
Book of Job
The Examination of Job (c. 1821) by William Blake
The satan appears in the Book of Job, a poe
Recently, when requested for notes about prophecies of the Messiah, we discovered that, for some reason, this power point and notes are not posted at the site! I apologize for the oversight. Here are notes and a power point by Dr. John Oakes on this very important topic.
This is the basis for a daylong Lenten retreat, originally given to Parish Catechetical Leaders in the Catholic Archdiocese of Oklahoma City in March, 2010.
This document provides a summary of the works of Flavius Josephus, a 1st century Roman-Jewish historian. It outlines his major works, including The War of the Jews, which describes the Roman siege and destruction of Jerusalem in 70 CE, as well as Antiquities of the Jews, his history of the Jewish people from creation to the Roman period. The document summarizes the biographical details of Josephus and the historical context surrounding his works, which provide valuable eyewitness accounts of this pivotal era.
This document summarizes Christian martyrdom from the days of the Apostles to 1000 AD. It describes how early Christians faced intense persecution from the beginning, as many Apostles such as Stephen, James the Great, and Philip were martyred for their faith. It provides brief accounts of the martyrdom of each Apostle, including being stoned, crucified, burned, or beaten to death. The document establishes that despite facing persecution from the Roman Empire and others throughout the first thousand years, the Christian church endured and grew.
This chapter traces the migrations of Israelite tribes across Europe from 745 BC to around 1250 AD. It discusses how various European tribes, like the Goths, Vandals, Franks and Anglo-Saxons, were descended from the twelve tribes of Israel. It also examines specific Israelite tribal origins of place names like Denmark, Russia, and regions in Germany. The migrations were spurred by invasions from groups like the Huns, Avars, and Mongols continually driving the Israelite tribes further west.
A verse by verse commentary on Exodus 14 dealing with Pharaoh changing his mind and going after the Israelites with his vast army of chariots. Moses parts the water and the people cross over, but the Egyptians are covered with water as it closes over them and Israel is safe on the other side.
The document discusses the close relationship between religion and warfare in late antiquity and the early middle ages. It examines primary sources that show how military victory was often attributed to divine favor. The session aims to explore conceptions of "holy war" in both the Eastern and Western worlds, as well as in Christian and early Islamic contexts. Differences and similarities between these conceptions will be analyzed over time, from the Roman imperial army to developments in the Byzantine Empire, Western Europe, and the early Islamic caliphate.
This document discusses biblical time prophecies found in Daniel chapters 8 and 9 regarding the coming Messiah. It explains that Daniel was shown a vision of 2300 days/years which was later interpreted by the angel Gabriel. Gabriel revealed that within this period there was a timeframe of 70 weeks/490 years that referred to Jesus as the Messiah who would be "cut off" at the cross. The document analyzes how these prophecies accurately foretold the timing of Jesus' baptism and crucifixion according to historical records. It asserts that the remaining unfulfilled years point to the cleansing of the heavenly sanctuary in 1844.
The destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple in 70 AD by the Romans under Titus marked the end of Jewish independence and sovereignty over the land of Israel. Many Jews were killed or exiled, and the remaining population was prohibited from rebuilding Jerusalem. This led to the large-scale dispersion of Jews (Diaspora) across the Roman Empire and beyond. In the aftermath, Jewish religious leaders established schools to preserve Jewish law, traditions and identity without the Temple, eventually compiling these teachings into the Mishnah and Talmud. This laid the foundations for an autonomous Jewish society and religion even without a land or Temple.
God used Joseph and Moses to fulfill His promise to Abraham to make a great nation and be a blessing to all nations. Joseph was sold into slavery in Egypt but rose to a position of power, saving the Egyptians and surrounding nations from famine. Moses was called by God to deliver the Israelites from slavery in Egypt, confronting Pharaoh with ten plagues that demonstrated God's power over the Egyptian gods. The Exodus was meant to show God's saving power and make His name known throughout the earth.
The document provides commentary on Isaiah 3 from multiple scholars. It discusses how God will judge Jerusalem and Judah by removing their sources of support. This includes taking away their food and water supplies, military leaders, government officials, skilled workers, and replacing their rulers with child-like leaders. The removal of these supports will lead to the downfall of the nation as predicted in Isaiah 3.
The document provides an overview of how the book of Revelation draws heavily from imagery and themes found in the Old Testament. It discusses numerous examples where events, figures and symbols described in Revelation parallel or allude to specific people, places and prophecies in the OT. These include references to the menorah, four living creatures, seven seals/trumpets, two witnesses, Babylon's fall, and more. The document aims to show how Revelation is deeply rooted in the OT textual and theological tradition.
1. John has a vision of Jesus on the island of Patmos. Jesus appears as a glorious figure surrounded by seven lampstands, which represent the seven churches.
2. Jesus instructs John to write down what he has seen, what is currently happening with the seven churches, and future events that will take place.
3. Jesus identifies himself as the ruler over all, the one who was dead but is now alive forevermore, holding the keys over death and Hades. He commands John not to be afraid and to write down the revelation.
During the Millennium, Jesus will establish a 1000 year kingdom on Earth. [1] Satan will be bound so he can no longer deceive nations. [2] Jesus will rule the world from Jerusalem with the saints and those who were martyred for their faith in God. [3] It will be a time of universal peace, prosperity, health and harmony between humans and nature unlike anything ever seen before on Earth.
The document outlines seven marks of being "born again" according to the apostle John:
1. Being baptized and dying to sin (Romans 6:1-4)
2. Not willfully committing sin (1 John 3:9, 5:18)
3. Believing that Jesus is the savior (1 John 5:1)
4. Doing righteousness (1 John 2:29)
5. Loving other believers (1 John 3:14)
6. Overcoming the world (1 John 5:4)
7. Being careful of one's soul (1 John 5:18)
The author examines each mark in detail from scripture and
What is the nature of the Kingdom I am invited into? Join the adventure thru the wardrobe into a Kingdom now available to those who follow the King. Part 2 of a 5 session presentation.
The document contains lyrics to several Christian worship songs written by Robin Mark, including "Days of Elijah", "Lion of Judah", "Revival", and "The Wonderful Cross". The songs tell the biblical stories of Elijah and Moses, Jesus as the Lamb and Lion of Judah, preparing for spiritual revival, and reflecting on the cross and resurrection of Jesus.
This document summarizes and critiques G.K. Beale's view that Israel's promises of the land were to be fulfilled literally and physically. It argues that: 1) The promises were fulfilled spiritually and in the realm of the Spirit through Christ's resurrection. 2) Believers died with Christ to the flesh and were raised in the Spirit, so the promises apply spiritually, not physically. 3) The kingdom of God fulfills the land promise typologically, with the true inheritance being in Christ and His kingdom rather than a physical plot of land.
The document discusses the origins and teachings around the Kingdom of God in early Christianity. It notes that during the time of King David, there was a belief that one of his descendants would establish God's rule on Earth. During Jesus' time, rabbis taught people to live as if the Kingdom of God had already arrived. Jesus, however, announced that the kingdom had indeed come. The document also examines characteristics of the kingdom, such as peace, inclusion, and sharing goods, as well as Jesus' trial and death for claiming to be the Messiah who established the Kingdom of God.
What is the "Millennial Reign of Christ"? Why is this doctrine so controversial? What is the “Kingdom of God” (Mt. 6:33; Rom. 13:17)? Where is God’s “kingdom” now (Mt. 12:28; Lk. 17:20-21; Col. 1:13; Heb. 12:28; Rev. 1:9)? Are you a citizen of His kingdom (Phil. 3:20) and how do you know (Jn. 3:5)? These and many other questions are addressed in this lecture.
The document provides an overview of a Bible study on Revelation chapter 20. The summary is:
1. The chapter discusses the thousand-year reign of Christ, where believers will rule with Him, known as the "first resurrection."
2. It describes the final defeat of Satan, when he is thrown into the lake of fire after deceiving nations at the end of the thousand years.
3. The "great white throne judgement" is explained, where all humanity will be judged based on their names being written in the Lamb's book of life.
What will happen when christ comes againRandy Tate
The document discusses several questions about what will happen when Christ comes again based on passages from the Bible. It notes that Christ himself promised he would return, as did many apostles and disciples. When he comes again, there will be a resurrection of both the righteous and the wicked, with judgment for all. The signs mentioned by Jesus in Matthew 24 provide indications that his coming is near, including false teachers, wars, famine, earthquakes, persecution, and the preaching of the gospel to all nations.
Does a gap exist between resurrection of the just and unjustAllThingsFulfilled
Slides on the judgment of the righteous and the wicked. Does a gap of 1000 years exist between the resurrection of the dead and the judgment of the wicked per Revelation 20:4-6?
The document discusses different views of the millennium mentioned in Revelation 20. It describes the premillennial, amillennial, and postmillennial approaches. The premillennial view is that the 1000 years is a literal period where Christ will reign on earth after Satan is bound. The amillennial view sees the 1000 years as symbolic of the current church age. The postmillennial view is that the 1000 years represents a future period where the gospel will have universal influence before Christ's return. The document also analyzes whether the 1000 years should be taken literally or symbolically.
This document provides background information on the biblical book of Revelation. It was written by John the Apostle around AD 95 and addressed to seven churches in Asia Minor. The document outlines symbols and numbers used in Revelation like the number seven representing completeness or perfection. It summarizes the letters to the seven churches which each contain a commendation, condemnation, and call to repentance. Key events in Revelation are summarized like the seven seals and seven trumpets that are opened, unleashing judgments on the earth. Important figures like the Antichrist, false prophet, and the 144,000 witnesses are introduced.
The document provides an overview and analysis of the biblical book of Revelation. It outlines the book's key themes, chapters, and references to Jesus Christ. Revelation is described as dealing with things that will soon take place and things of the end times. It promises a blessing to all who read it and contains warnings for the church. Jesus Christ is prominently featured throughout the book as the ruler, redeemer, and judge.
Jesus’ proclamation of the kingdom of god (1)Angeli Dimaano
Jesus emphasized that the Kingdom of God refers to both God's present rule through Jesus' ministry and God's future fulfillment and decisive action. While Israelites suffered under past rulers, they had faith that God would one day manifest as king and redeem Israel. Jesus taught about both the present dynamic rule of God seen in his works, as well as the future definitive state of salvation yet to come, when God will end evil and establish the new world. His miracles and proclamation showed that the prophesied time of salvation had begun through him, even as the full realization of God's kingdom remains in the future.
An Overview of The Book of Revelation - by Natchi LazarusNatchi Lazarus
The document provides an overview of the Book of Revelation, discussing its key contents and themes. It notes that Revelation depicts the glorious appearing of Jesus Christ, the anti-Christ, the tribulation period, Satan's ultimate end, the future glorification of the church, and the place Christ has gone to prepare for believers. The document also compares Genesis and Revelation, stating that Genesis depicts the beginning of man's rebellion against God while Revelation depicts its end. Finally, it outlines different approaches to interpreting Revelation and provides a section-by-section overview of its contents.
The GCM Bible Study Series started last September 1, 2008 during the month of Ramadan. The Studies will reveal some important facts about the book of Revelation.
True Christian doctrine comes from the words of Christ. Jesus spoke of the future. Look carefully at the events of history after Jesus ascended. And compare to what John wrote in Revelation.
The document summarizes the history of Roman emperors from Augustus to Commodus. It discusses how Augustus established the Principate system that lasted over 200 years and brought the Pax Romana. It then profiles each emperor, describing their rise to power, personality, policies and legacy. It notes periods of stability under emperors like Trajan and Antoninus Pius, and instability under emperors like Caligula, Nero and Commodus. The document traces the transition of power from the Julio-Claudian dynasty to the Flavians and Antonines, and the eventual decline after Marcus Aurelius and his son Commodus.
Lesson 2: Non Biblical Sources of Jesus Christ HistoricityDam Frank
This document discusses several Roman historians who provided non-biblical evidence of Jesus Christ's historicity, including Tacitus, Suetonius, Pliny the Younger, and Lucian of Samosata. Tacitus and Pliny the Younger directly referenced Jesus Christ and the persecution of early Christians. Suetonius indirectly referenced early Christians and their conflicts in Rome. Lucian of Samosata also referenced Jesus Christ and the general beliefs and practices of early Christians. The writings of these Roman historians corroborate details found in biblical accounts of the life and ministry of Jesus Christ.
A new look at the gospels to show that Jesus was not rejected by the Jews but instead was executed by the Romans because he was so well received that he was perceived to be a threat to their rule.
The document provides an overview of the history and lineage of the Knanaya Christian community from Abraham to the present day. It discusses their origins in the Middle East, migration to India, and calls for reform and witness of Jesus Christ in the UK. A timeline is presented covering major figures and events, from Abraham and Moses to the Roman Empire and Jewish diaspora.
This document provides a complete biblical timeline that outlines 10 historical eras of biblical history along with the books of the Bible that correspond to each era. It includes significant world events placed above a central timeline and biblical events placed below. The summary highlights the timeline spans from creation to the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 AD and includes events such as the life of Jesus from his birth to death and resurrection around 30 AD as well as the missionary journeys of Paul.
Tiberius ruled Rome from 14-37 CE with a bitter and suspicious personality, instituting a reign of terror. His adopted grandson Caligula became insane after a few months in power, sacrificing slaves and claiming to be a god before being assassinated. Claudius expanded the Roman Empire but was poisoned by his wife Agrippina to make way for Nero, who became a tyrant, murdering family members and being blamed for the Great Fire of Rome before committing suicide.
The Dead Sea Scrolls and Fulfilled Eschatology ; Powerpoint PresentationTodd Dennis
2007 Carlsbad Conference presentation of "The Dead Sea Scrolls and Fulfilled Eschatology" - To be used in conjunction with Audio Tapes available from http://www.preterist.org/preteristbookstore.asp#Audio_MP3s
Ed Stevens - "Todd Dennis' presentation on the implications of the Dead Sea Scrolls for Preterism was superb! It was material I have not seen any preterist ever deal with. That one lesson is worth the price of the whole set! "
The document summarizes the rise and fall of the Roman Empire. It describes how Octavian, later known as Caesar Augustus, transitioned Rome from a republic to an empire and established stability through consolidating power. It then outlines some of the key emperors and events that occurred over the centuries as the empire expanded but eventually declined due to military overreach, economic troubles, and invasions by groups like the Huns and Goths. The fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD is seen as marking the end of the ancient period.
The document provides an overview of the Book of Revelation, including:
1) Key themes drawn from the book of Daniel such as judgment, the end times, and the great controversy.
2) The Greek title "Apocalypse" means an uncovering or unveiling of truths.
3) Revelation is divided into two parts, with chapters 1-12 covering events between the first and second coming of Christ, and chapters 13-22 focusing on the second coming.
This document provides historical context for the political, religious, and social conditions in Israel between the Old and New Testaments. It describes how Israel went from being a province of Persia to falling under Greek rule after Alexander the Great's conquest. The land was then divided and ruled by the Ptolemies and Seleucids, placing the Jews under constant rule changes. It also details the persecution of Jews under Antiochus IV, including the desecration of the Temple, and the rise of the Maccabees in response. Finally, it discusses the corrupt rule of the Maccabees and the tyrannical rule of Herod the Great over the region at the time of Jesus' birth.
The document summarizes the period of Byzantine history known as the Iconoclastic Age from 711-857 AD. It was a time of religious turmoil and conflict within the Byzantine Empire over the use of religious icons. The Iconoclastic movement began under Emperor Leo III in the 720s, who ordered the destruction of religious icons which some saw as idolatry. This caused unrest and further divided the Eastern and Western churches. After a period of restoration under Empress Irene, iconoclasm was reintroduced by later emperors, before finally being extinguished by the mid 9th century.
- The document discusses the biblical prophecies about Islam and terrorists in the book of Revelation.
- It describes how the last 3 trumpets mentioned in Revelation 8-11 are called "woe trumpets" and will bring even more terrible events than the first 4, including the introduction of a "religion of darkness."
- It suggests that this "religion of darkness" is Islam, which emerged from the deserts ("smoke") under the leadership of Muhammad, who it says was symbolized as a "fallen star" who was given authority over the "bottomless pit."
- The document discusses how the Bible prophesied the rise of Islam in the book of Revelation.
- It describes how the last 3 trumpets (woe trumpets) would bring attacks on the eastern Roman Empire, leading to its destruction, marking the introduction of a "new religion of darkness."
- It argues that this new religion was Islam, which emerged from the deserts under the leadership of Muhammad in the 7th century AD, darkening the light of the gospel message across the Middle East and North Africa.
The document summarizes the history of Roman emperors from Augustus to the fall of the Western Roman Empire. It describes the transition from a republic to an empire under Augustus and highlights notable emperors like Trajan, Hadrian, Marcus Aurelius, and Constantine. It also discusses the decline of the empire due to military anarchy, invasions by barbarians, and the eventual split into Western and Eastern empires before the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD.
Lesson 23 Rev Sem Trumpets Herald Romes Collapse-1.pptKerjiokchuolboth
This document provides a summary of the biblical book of Revelation chapters 8-11 regarding the seven trumpets. It discusses:
1) How the seven trumpets depict the military history of Christianity and present conquest and defeat. The first four trumpets symbolize the fall of the Roman Empire to invaders like the Goths and Vandals.
2) The fifth and sixth trumpets represent the rise of Islam and the bloody conquests by Muslim tribes across North Africa and Asia over 150 years.
3) The seventh trumpet involves the emergence of God's end-time church to preach his message to the world before Jesus' return, as foretold in Revelation 14.
4) Key events and tim
The document provides a summary of the biblical book of Revelation chapters 8-9 and 11:14-19. It describes how the seven trumpets in Revelation depict the military history of the Christian era and the effects on the church. The first four trumpets symbolize the collapse of the Roman Empire through invasions by groups like the Goths, Vandals, and Huns. The fifth and sixth trumpets represent the rise of Islam and the conquests of Arab tribes. The seventh trumpet signals the final period when God's end-time church preaches to the world.
The document provides an overview of the rise and fall of the Roman Empire from 509 BCE to 476 CE. It discusses the transition from Roman Republic to Roman Empire under Augustus, key emperors like Tiberius, Caligula, Nero, Vespasian, and Hadrian, as well as the division of the empire into eastern and western halves under Diocletian. It also examines factors that contributed to the decline of the western empire, including invasions by barbarian tribes and the removal of the capital to Constantinople, while the eastern empire continued on as the Byzantine Empire until 1453.
This document provides background information on the Second Jewish Revolt against Rome in the 2nd century CE. It introduces the key figures of Rabbi Akiva and Bar Kochbah, who led the revolt. Rabbi Akiva was a famous rabbi and scholar who believed the Torah contained hidden meanings. He supported Bar Kochbah, who he called "Son of the Star" based on a prophecy. Bar Kochbah assembled an army of 400,000 men to fight Rome. The revolt initially succeeded but ultimately failed, leading to further Jewish persecution by the Romans. The document establishes the context of growing tensions between Jews and Rome that led to the Second Revolt.
Similar to 04 Revelation Historical Background Of Revelation (20)
The document discusses the importance of knowing God and being known by God. It explores what it means to truly know God through personal dealings with Him, involvement in one's relationship with Him, and experiencing His grace. True knowledge of God is mutual understanding between God and humanity. God knows His people intimately just as a shepherd knows his sheep. Christians are called to listen to God's voice and follow Him in response to His initiative to draw people into a saving relationship through Jesus Christ.
The document contains a passage from Jeremiah 31 describing a new covenant God will make with Israel where he will put his law in their minds and write it on their hearts so they will all know him. It then shares a sermon from C.H. Spurgeon where he argues that the proper study of God's elect is God, and contemplating the divine nature humbles the mind while expanding it and providing consolation. Spurgeon encourages devoting time to meditating on what is known about God's attributes and applying it to oneself in order to clarify one's vision of God and allow his truth to have its proper impact.
This document provides an overview and analysis of key aspects of understanding the Book of Revelation. It discusses:
- The book's intended meaning and time frame, noting it was meant to be understood by early Christians facing persecution.
- Two common approaches to interpreting Revelation (historicist and futurist) and arguments for understanding it in its original context.
- Important symbols and their meanings, either explained directly in the text or through comparisons to other Bible passages.
- Features like repeated themes of judgment, paired opposites representing good and evil, and the need to solve Revelation like a puzzle rather than view it as a mystery.
The document discusses salvation through faith in God and Jesus Christ. It emphasizes that salvation is a gift from God and not by works or observance of religious laws, so that no one can boast. Faith is shown through love for God and others by obeying God's commands to love him and your neighbor. God's grace and mercy, not human righteousness or deeds, are what lead to eternal life.
The document discusses the life journey of John Newton, including that he was born in 1725, went to sea at age 17, became a slave trader in 1744, underwent a spiritual conversion and became ordained as a clergyman in 1748 and 1764 respectively, wrote hymns in 1773, and opposed the slave trade later in life until his death in 1807 at age 82. It emphasizes his dramatic transformation from an "infidel and libertine" who worked in the slave trade to preaching the gospel that he had once tried to destroy.
This document discusses the biblical uses of the word "Amen" in three sentences or less:
The document explores different biblical references to the word "Amen", which is used to affirm that what was spoken or written is reliable, as well as its use by Jesus 75 times in the Gospels and by King David's advisor Benaiah to agree that Solomon should be king after David. It also mentions Jesus saying he is coming quickly and John's response of "Amen, come Lord Jesus" in Revelation 22:20.
The document discusses several biblical figures' acknowledgement of their sinfulness before God, including Isaiah, Job, David, a tax collector, and the prodigal son. These figures express feelings of unworthiness, ruin, and being unclean due to their sins. However, they also find forgiveness, atonement, or justification from God through humbling themselves and acknowledging their sin.
Jesus was cursed, rejected, oppressed, and shamed for our sins. He was scourged and crucified on the cross to redeem us, cleanse us from sin, and provide salvation. Through faith in Jesus as the Son of God, we can overcome the world, receive sonship with God, and live together with Him for eternity.
King Jehoshaphat of Judah faced a vast invading army. He proclaimed a fast and gathered the people to seek help from God. God assured them that he would fight for them. When the armies met, God caused the invading forces to turn against each other, and Judah was delivered without even entering the battle. The kingdom was then at peace as God had given them rest from their enemies.
The document provides biographical information about Paul, originally known as Saul. It describes that he was born in Tarsus and trained under Gamaliel in Jerusalem. It mentions that Saul took part in the stoning of Stephen and that he later had a conversion experience where he embraced Christianity and changed his name to Paul. The rest of the document focuses on Paul's missionary work, preaching of Jesus, theological focus on grace and faith, and his faithful service until his death.
The document discusses the concept of sin and forgiveness. It acknowledges that all people are sinners and have sinned. It references biblical passages about God forgiving sins and His provision of atonement and mercy for sinners. The document highlights that forgiveness is received through faith as a gift of grace from God.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
1. Lesson 4
The Alpha and the Omega (4)
Historical Background of Revelation
Amen! Hallelujah! – A Study of the Book of Revelation
By Dale Wells
Text: Rev 1.1-8; Rev 22.8-12
2. The historical setting of the book
Julio-Claudian Dynasty
Augustus (27 BC-14 AD)
Tiberius (14-37 AD)
Caligula (37-41 AD)
Claudius (41-54 AD)
Nero (54-68 AD)
Civil War
Galba (68-69 AD)
Otho (69 AD)
Vitellius (69 AD)
Flavian Dynasty
Vespasian (69-79 AD)
Titus (79-81 AD)
Domitian (81-96 AD)
4. Imperator Caesar Augustus
Emperor 27 BC - 14 AD
Founder of the Roman Empire &
nephew of Julius Caesar.
On Caesar's death (44 BC), he
used Caesar's money and
name (both acquired by will) to
raise an army and extort a
consulship from the Senate.
He had the Senate declare
Julius a God, thus making
himself the “son of god.”
Octvaius took the western
Roman world, leaving Antony
the eastern. Octavius defeated
Antony & Cleopatra in 31 BC
and emerged as the sole ruler of
the Roman world.
5. The significance of the throne name
Augustus
His throne name, Augustus (“exalted”), had religious overtones.
Rome gave him the title Pater Patriae (‘Father of his Country’) in
2 BC, and on his death made him a god (Divus Augustus).
Augustus accepted deification in the Roman provinces, thus
laying the foundation for the concilia, or emperor cult.
Jesus was born during his reign.
Luk 2:1-5 WEB Now it happened in those days, that a decree went
out from Caesar Augustus that all the world should be enrolled. …
(4) Joseph … went up from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into
Judea, to the city of David, which is called Bethlehem, because he
was of the house and family of David; (5) to enroll himself with
Mary, who was pledged to be married to him as wife, being
pregnant.
6. Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus
Emperor 14 – 37 AD
Stepson of Augustus.
His reign was a political
disaster and a reign of terror by
the praetorian prefect Sejanus.
The people despised him. He
moved to the island of Capri in
26 & never returned to Rome.
Jesus’ ministry and death
occurred during his reign.
Luk 3:1-2 WEB Now in the
fifteenth year of the reign of
Tiberius Caesar… (2) in the
high priesthood of Annas and
Caiaphas, the word of God
came to John, the son of
Zacharias, in the wilderness.
7. Gaius Caesar Augustus Germanicus
(Caligula)
Emperor 37 – 41 AD
Youngest son of Germanicus
and Agrippina.
He was brought up in an army
camp and nicknamed Caligula
from his little boots (caligae).
He was extravagant, autocratic,
vicious, and mentally unstable.
He wreaked havoc with the
state finances and terrorized
those around him, until he was
assassinated.
He demanded worship and
ordered that his statue be
placed in the Jerusalem temple,
but he died before the order was
carried out.
8. Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus
Germanicus
Emperor 41 - 54 AD
Nephew of Tiberius.
He was kept secluded because
of physical disabilities.
He became emperor after
Caligula's murder.
He was progressive, engaging
in public works and reform.
Poisoned by his fourth wife,
Agrippina.
He expelled Jews from Rome.
Act 18:1-3 WEB … (2) He
found a certain Jew named
Aquila … who had recently
come from Italy, with his wife
Priscilla, because Claudius had
commanded all the Jews to
depart from Rome …
9. Imperator Nero Claudius Caesar
Augustus Germanicus
Emperor 54 - 68 AD
Agrippina, urged Claudius to
adopt Nero, then poisoned him,
making Nero emperor.
First years were good, thanks to
his mother, Seneca, and the
Praetorian Prefect Burrus.
After his mother's murder (59),
corruption set in.
He was blamed for the Fire of
Rome (64) and tried to blame
Christians.
Rome endured four more years
of tyranny before he was
toppled by the army, and forced
to commit suicide.
Peter and Paul were martyred
during Nero’s reign.
10. Civil War
69 AD – The Year of Four Kings
On January 1, 69 AD, Galba was on the throne
On December 31, 69 AD, Vespasian was on the throne.
Between Galba and Vespasian, two emperors occupied the throne.
Otho (3 months)
Vitellius (8 months)
11. Servius Galba Imperator Caesar
Augustus
Emperor June 9, 68 –
January 15, 69 AD
He became consul in 33,
and administered Aquitania,
Germany, Africa, and
Hispania Tarraconensis with
competence and integrity. In
68 the Gallic legions rose
against Nero, and in June
proclaimed Galba emperor.
But he soon made himself
unpopular by favoritism, ill-
timed severity, and avarice,
and was assassinated by the
praetorians in Rome.
12. Imperator Marcus Otho Caesar
Augustus
Emperor January 15 – April 17,
69 AD
Nero took Otho's wife for his
mistress, and later married her.
He was sent to govern Lusitania
(58-68), and joined Galba in his
revolt against Nero (68). When
he was not proclaimed Galba's
successor, he rose against the
new emperor, who was slain.
Otho was recognized as
emperor everywhere except in
Germany. Aulus Vitellius
marched on Italy, defeated
Otho's forces, and Otho
committed suicide.
13. Imperator Aulus Vitellius Caesar
Augustus Germanicus
Emperor April 19 – December
20, 69 AD
Galba appointed him to
command the legions on the
Lower Rhine (68). He was
proclaimed emperor at the
beginning of 69. His army ended
Otho's reign by the victory of
Bedriacum. He gave himself up
to pleasure and debauchery.
Many of his soldiers deserted
when Vespasian was
proclaimed emperor in
Alexandria. Vitellius was
dragged through the streets of
Rome, and murdered.
15. Imperator Caesar Vespasianus
Augustus
Emperor 69 – 79 AD
Declared emperor by the troops
during the Jewish Revolt.
He ended civil wars, put Rome
on a good financial footing, and
restored military discipline.
He built the Colosseum.
His last words: “Puto deus fio”
(“I think I'm becoming a god”).
After death, he was deified.
Revelation was likely written
during his reign.
Rev 17:9-11 WEB ... The
seven heads … (10) … are
seven kings. Five have fallen,
the one is, the other has not yet
come … (11) The beast … is
… an eighth…
16. Imperator Titus Caesar Vespasianus
Augustus
Emperor 79 - 81 AD
Elder son of Vespasian. He was
popular for his generosity,
charm, and military prowess.
He was exceptionally good-
looking, cultivated, refined and
friendly. Suetonius called him
“the darling of the human race”.
He engineered the destruction
of Jerusalem (70) and
suppressed the Jewish Revolt.
He completed the construction
of the Flavian Amphitheatre,
better known as the Colosseum.
His sudden death at age 41 was
likely hastened by Domitian.
17. Imperator Caesar Domitianus
Augustus Germanicus
Emperor 81 – 96 AD
Younger son of Vespasian, and
last of the Flavians.
He was paranoid about
opposition after the revolt of
Saturninus, the Governor of
Upper Germany (89).
He unleashed a reign of terror in
Rome that lasted until his
assassination.
He demanded to be called Lord
and God.
He initiated an extremely severe
persecution of Christians.
Revelation was written to
prepare Christians for his
persecution.
18. The essential message of the book
Revelation is a message to
seven churches in First Century
Asia Minor.
Rev 1:4-5a WEB John, to the
seven assemblies that are in
Asia …
These seven churches are
typical of the church as a whole.
We know that, because each
letter ends with a word to all the
churches.
He who has an ear, let him hear
what the Spirit says to the
assemblies. Rev 2:7, 11, 17,
29, 3:6, 13, 22 WEB
19. The author identifies himself as John
four times.
Rev 1:1 WEB This is the
Revelation of Jesus Christ …
which he ... made known by his
angel to his servant, John,
Rev 1:4 WEB John, to the
seven assemblies that are in
Asia …
Rev 1:9 WEB I John, your
brother and partner with you in
oppression, Kingdom, and
perseverance in Christ Jesus,
was on the isle that is called
Patmos because of God's Word
and the testimony of Jesus
Christ.
Rev 22:8 WEB … I, John, am
the one who heard and saw
these things …
20. Who was this John?
Justin Martyr (2nd
century) held it was the apostle John.
We know the author was:
well versed in Scripture,
well known to the seven churches of Asia Minor,
convinced that the church would triumph over its enemies.
Dionysius (3rd
century), suggested it was John the Presbyter, who
appears elsewhere in ancient writings.
I believe it was the apostle.
21. Revelation was written as Christians
were facing impending persecution.
Most hold it was during the reigns of Nero (54-68) or Domitian (81-96).
I believe it was during Vespasian's reign (69-79).
Rev 17:10-11 WEB They are seven kings. Five have fallen, the one is, the
other has not yet come. When he comes, he must continue a little while.
The beast that was, and is not, is himself also an eighth, and is of the
seven...
The 5: Julio-Claudians: Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero
The 3: Flavians: Vespasian, Titus, Domitian
22. Roman authorities were beginning to
enforce emperor worship.
Christians were facing increasing hostility.
Warning to Smyrna:
Rev 2:10 WEB ... the devil is about to throw some of you into prison, that
you may be tested; and you will have oppression for ten days. Be faithful to
death, and I will give you the crown of life.
Promise to Philadelphia:
Rev 3:10 WEB … I … will keep you from the hour of testing which is to
come on the whole world ...
23. Christians were already suffering for
their faith.
In Pergamum, Antipas had given his life.
Rev 2:13 WEB … You hold firmly to my name, and didn't deny my faith in
the days of Antipas my witness, my faithful one, who was killed among you,
where Satan dwells.
Others had been martyred.
Rev 6:9 WEB … I saw underneath the altar the souls of those who had
been killed for the Word of God, and for the testimony of the Lamb which
they had.
24. John had been exiled to a penal
colony on Patmos.
Rev 1:9 WEB I John, your
brother and partner with you
in oppression, Kingdom, and
perseverance in Christ
Jesus, was on the isle that is
called Patmos because of
God's Word and the
testimony of Jesus Christ.
25. Some Christians were beginning to
dabble in sin.
Some in Pergamum were advocating compromise.
Rev 2:14-15 WEB But I have a few things against you, because you have
there some who hold the teaching of Balaam, who taught Balak to throw a
stumbling block before the children of Israel, to eat things sacrificed to idols,
and to commit sexual immorality. So you also have some who hold to the
teaching of the Nicolaitans likewise.
Thyatirans were tolerating immorality and idolatry.
Rev 2:20 WEB But I have this against you, that you tolerate your woman,
Jezebel, who calls herself a prophetess. She teaches and seduces my
servants to commit sexual immorality, and to eat things sacrificed to idols.
26. John's purpose in writing is clear.
He writes to encourage the faithful to resist the demands of emperor
worship.
He tells his readers that the final showdown between God and Satan is
imminent.
Satan will increase his persecution of believers, but they must be
faithful, even if it means death.
They are sealed against any spiritual harm and they will be vindicated
when God judges his enemies and rewards his people.
27. The message is “grace” and “peace”.
“Grace” refers to blessings we don’t deserve.
“Peace” refers to harmony with God in the middle of turmoil.
There is a good reason why biblical writers like Paul and John made
use of the combined greeting: “Grace and peace”.
In the 1st
Century, the greeting of the Greeks was the Greek charis, meaning
“grace”; the greeting of the Jews was the Hebrew shalom, meaning “peace”.
By using both greetings, the writers emphasized the inherent unity of Jew
and Gentile in Christ!
28. Who is the author of grace and
peace?
The eternal God, “who is … was and … is to come”.
This is the way God identified himself to Moses.
Exo 3:14 WEB God said to Moses, “I AM WHO I AM,” and he said, “You
shall tell the children of Israel this: “I AM has sent me to you.”
It is also one way God identified himself to Israel.
Isa 41:4 WEB Who has worked and done it, calling the generations from the
beginning? I, Yahweh, the first, and with the last, I am he.
The meaning of “Yahweh” is “the existing one”.
It doesn't matter whether you are talking about the past, or the present, or
the future, God always IS!
29. Grace and peace are also gifts from
the Holy Spirit.
“[T]he seven Spirits who are before his throne” refers to the Holy Spirit.
The NIV footnote suggests an alternate reading that may actually give
us a better concept of what John is getting at: “the sevenfold Spirit”.
Remember the use of numbers in the Book of Revelation? To say that
the Spirit is “the sevenfold Spirit” is to say that the Holy Spirit is
engaged in seeing that the whole work of God is accomplished. It is
God's Spirit at work!
30. Last, but not least, grace and peace
are the gift of Jesus Christ, himself.
31. Jesus is described three ways.
He is the “faithful (reliable) witness”.
Rev 3:14 WEB “The … Faithful and True Witness … says...
Rev 19:11 WEB I saw … a white horse, and he who sat on it is
called Faithful and True …
He is the “firstborn of the dead”.
This is reminiscent of the Davidic king.
Psa 89:27 WEB I will … appoint him my firstborn
Paul describes Jesus this way:
Col 1:18 WEB He is … the firstborn from the dead
He is “ruler of the kings of the earth”.
The descriptions of the king and of the Messiah.
Psa 89:27 WEB I will … appoint him ... highest of the kings of the earth.
Rev 19:16 WEB “KING OF KINGS, AND LORD OF LORDS.”
Revelation turns on the question: Who rules?
The emperor thought he ruled the world. He was mistaken!
Revelation has as its theme: God Rules!
32. Doxology
At this point in the text, John erupts in spontaneous praise. He
extols the wonderful works that Jesus has done on our behalf!
Rev 1:5b-6 WEB To him who loves us, and washed us from our
sins by his blood; and he made us to be a kingdom, priests to his
God and Father; to him be the glory and the dominion forever and
ever. Amen.
33. He begins with the words, “To him
who loves us”.
This is a present, active participle. (The KJV incorrectly renders it as a
past tense, “loved”.)
Often, in Greek, when a word is in the present tense and active voice, it
conveys both (1) present action, and (2) ongoing action.
Thus, the meaning is not just that Jesus loves us now, but that he never
stops loving us! His love continues – past, present, and future. There is
no end to Jesus' love for us!
34. John says that Jesus “washed us
from our sins by his blood”.
That may be an incorrect translation.
Most modern Greek editions have lusanti, (“loosed”), not lousanti
(“washed”). They sound the same, but they are spelled slightly differently.
Regardless of whether we read “loosed” or “washed”, the meaning is not
radically different for the Christian.
It is the form of the word that is telling.
It is an aorist participle – referring to a completed past action.
Jesus has “loosed” or “washed” us from our sins, so that we are no longer
bound to, or sullied by them.
35. John continues to say that Jesus has
made us into something special.
Rev 1:6 WEB... [H]e made us … a kingdom, priests to his God …
This was God's plan for Israel:
Exo 19:6 WEB “you shall be to me a kingdom of priests, and a holy nation”
Isa 61:6 WEB But you shall be named the priests of Yahweh; men shall call
you the ministers of our God…
The church, “God's Israel” (Gal 6:16), is “a kingdom” (not “kings”, as in
KJV); Christians are “priests”.
1Pe 2:9 WEB But you are a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation,
a people for God's own possession, that you may show forth the
excellencies of him who called you out of darkness into his marvelous light:
36. The coming of the Lord
Rev 1:7 WEB Behold, he is coming with the clouds, and every eye will
see him, including those who pierced him. All the tribes of the earth will
mourn over him. Even so, Amen.
The Bible says a lot about the “coming” of the Lord.
Most people do not understand the “coming” of the Lord. Most think of
the “Second Coming”.
Much of the time, when the Bible talks about the Lord “coming”, it is not
talking about the "second coming."
The Bible speaks of several times when the Lord has “come”.
37. Prophets used it to describe God's
judgment on a nation, or a people.
Isa 13:9-11 WEB … the day of Yahweh comes … For the stars of the
sky and the constellations of it shall not give their light; the sun shall be
darkened in its going forth, and the moon shall not cause its light to
shine. I will punish the world for their evil, and the wicked for their
iniquity: and I will cause the arrogance of the proud to cease, and will
lay low the haughtiness of the terrible.
This is not the end of the world, but the end of Babylon's world:
Isa 13:1 WEB The burden of Babylon, which Isaiah … did see.
38. In other passages, the same motif
occurs.
Isa 19:1 WEB The burden of Egypt. Behold, Yahweh rides on a
swift cloud, and comes to Egypt: and the idols of Egypt shall
tremble at his presence; and the heart of Egypt shall melt in the
midst of it.
According to Isaiah, God is riding on a cloud and wreaking all sorts
of havoc in the world.
But the text clearly says that this is God's judgment on Egypt.
Isa 30:30-31 WEB Yahweh will cause his glorious voice to be
heard, and will show the lighting down of his arm, with the
indignation of his anger, and the flame of a devouring fire, with a
blast, and tempest, and hailstones. For through the voice of
Yahweh shall the Assyrian be dismayed; with his rod will he
strike him.
In this text, God describes a coming judgment on Assyria in terms
reminiscent of the Book of Revelation.
39. Isaiah offers another example to
show that this is a common theme.
Isa 63:1-7 Who is this who comes from Edom, with dyed
garments from Bozrah? this who is glorious in his clothing,
marching in the greatness of his strength? I who speak in
righteousness, mighty to save. Why are you red in your clothing,
and your garments like him who treads in the wine vat? I have
trodden the winepress alone; and of the peoples there was no
man with me: yes, I trod them in my anger, and trampled them
in my wrath; and their lifeblood is sprinkled on my garments,
and I have stained all my clothing. For the day of vengeance
was in my heart, and the year of my redeemed is come. I
looked, and there was none to help; and I wondered that there
was none to uphold: therefore my own arm brought salvation to
me; and my wrath, it upheld me. I trod down the peoples in my
anger, and made them drunk in my wrath, and I poured out their
lifeblood on the earth. …
40. Isaiah's description sounds much like
words we will read in Revelation:
Rev 14:19-20 WEB The angel
thrust his sickle into the earth,
and gathered the vintage of the
earth, and threw it into the great
winepress of the wrath of God.
The winepress was trodden
outside of the city, and blood
came out from the winepress,
even to the bridles of the
horses, as far as one thousand
six hundred stadia.
But the context of Isaiah shows
that the prophet is describing
God's judgment on Israel.
41. When you read those texts a
common theme emerges.
The Coming, or Day of the Lord,
refers to the day when the Lord
judges a nation and punishes it
for its sins.
John says the Lord is coming.
We must view that from a First
Century perspective.
God had judged Babylon,
Egypt, Assyria and Israel with
previous comings.
John assures 1st
Century
Christians that he is going to
judge Rome, as well. As we
shall see, that is the empire
against whom the Lord's
coming is directed in the Book
of Revelation.
42. And the ungodly will be sorry about
the way they treated Jesus.
Rev 1:7 “[E]very eye will see him, including those who pierced him. All
the tribes of the earth will mourn over him.”
That is reminiscent of the prophet Zechariah.
Zec 12:10-14 WEB I will pour on the house of David, and on the inhabitants
of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and of supplication; and they will look to me
whom they have pierced; and they shall mourn for him, …
The “coming” of the Lord is the day of reckoning and the day of reward!
Whether the coming of the Lord is good news or bad news depends
entirely on your relationship to him when he comes!
43. Trust God!
Rev 1:8 WEB “I am the Alpha and the Omega,” says the Lord God,
“who is and who was and who is to come, the Almighty.”
Revelation's message is simple: “Trust God”.
God describes himself as “the Alpha and Omega”. These were the first
and last letters of the Greek alphabet. That is like saying he covers our
needs from “A to Z”. There isn't anything he isn't capable of dealing
with.
44. He is the one “who is and who was
and who is to come”.
This reminds us of his self-revelation to Moses at Sinai.
Exo 3:14 WEB God said to Moses, “I AM WHO I AM,” and he said, “You
shall tell the children of Israel this: “I AM has sent me to you.”
Yahweh signifies existence.
God IS! Others come and go. In Egypt, there were many Pharaohs and
many dynasties. One had a 10 lesson course in who rules – we call it the
plagues. He finally learned that Pharaohs come and go; but God IS and
God RULES!
45. Down through the OT, others had to
learn their lesson the hard way.
Nebuchadnezzar had a dream that led to him being deposed. He was
off the throne, and quite insane, until he acknowledged that God IS and
God RULES! You can read the story in Daniel 4, but the bottom line
was Nebuchadnezzar's final realization:
Dan 4:34-35 WEB At the end of the days I, Nebuchadnezzar, lifted up
my eyes to heaven, and my understanding returned to me, and I
blessed the Most High, and I praised and honored him who lives
forever; for his dominion is an everlasting dominion, and his kingdom
from generation to generation. …
46. Revelation was written when the
church was facing more upstart kings
In First Century Rome, there was a group of fellows who thought they
ruled the world.
Revelation is God's promise that the Roman emperors were going to
learn the same lesson Egypt's Pharaohs and Babylon's
Nebuchadnezzar learned:
Kingdoms of the world come and go; God's kingdom remains. In other
words, God IS and God RULES!
47. There is one last, great word that
John uses to describe God.
It is the Greek pantokrator,
which means “all powerful”.
This is a word that we're
going to find in a number of
contexts through the book.
48. Those around God's throne extol him
as “the Almighty”.
Rev 4:8 WEB The four living creatures, each one of them having six
wings, are full of eyes around about and within. They have no rest day
and night, saying, “Holy, holy, holy is the Lord God, the Almighty, who
was and who is and who is to come!”
Rev 11:16-17 WEB The twenty-four elders, who sit on their thrones
before God's throne, fell on their faces and worshiped God, saying: “We
give you thanks, Lord God, the Almighty, the one who is and who was;
because you have taken your great power, and reigned.
49. The “Song of the Lamb” and the altar
praise God as “the Almighty”.
Rev 15:3 WEB They sang the song of Moses, the servant of
God, and the song of the Lamb, saying, “Great and marvelous
are your works, Lord God, the Almighty; Righteous and true are
your ways, you King of the nations.
Rev 16:7 WEB I heard the altar saying, “Yes, Lord God, the
Almighty, true and righteous are your judgments.”
50. There is a battle on “the great day of
God, the Almighty”.
Rev 16:13-14 WEB I saw coming out of the mouth of the
dragon, and out of the mouth of the beast, and out of the mouth
of the false prophet, three unclean spirits, something like frogs;
for they are spirits of demons, performing signs; which go forth
to the kings of the whole inhabited earth, to gather them
together for the war of that great day of God, the Almighty.
51. When God judges Rome, the elders
praise God as “the Almighty”.
Rev 19:6 WEB I heard
something like the voice of a
great multitude, and like the
voice of many waters, and like
the voice of mighty thunders,
saying, “Hallelujah! For the Lord
our God, the Almighty, reigns!
Jesus executes the wrath of
God, “the Almighty”.
Rev 19:15 WEB Out of his
mouth proceeds a sharp,
double-edged sword, that with it
he should strike the nations. He
will rule them with a rod of iron.
He treads the winepress of the
fierceness of the wrath of God,
the Almighty.
52. In the description of the “the new
Jerusalem”:
Rev 21:22 WEB I saw no temple in it, for the Lord God, the
Almighty, and the Lamb, are its temple.
John never lets us forget that God is “the Almighty”.
He doesn't want the reader to lose sight of who’s really in
control – God IS and God RULES!