This document introduces computers and their basic components like the CPU, memory, storage devices, and input/output devices. It explains how data is stored in memory as bits and bytes, with numbers and characters encoded using binary codes. The document also discusses computer hardware like monitors and their resolution/dot pitch specifications. The overall purpose is to provide foundational knowledge about computers and how programs interface with hardware before introducing the Java programming language.
Java™ (OOP) - Chapter 1: "Introduction to Computers, Programs, and Java"Gouda Mando
To review computer basics, programs, and operating systems (§§1.2-1.4).
To explore the relationship between Java and the World Wide Web (§1.5).
To distinguish the terms API, IDE, and JDK (§1.6).
To write a simple Java program (§1.7).
To display output on the console (§1.7).
To explain the basic syntax of a Java program (§1.7).
To create, compile, and run Java programs (§1.8).
(GUI) To display output using the JOptionPane output dialog boxes (§1.9).
intoduction to Computer programming java learn for more chapter contact salma...Syed Shah
intoduction to Computer programming java learn for more chapter contact salmanshah2014@hotmail.com or https://www.flickr.com/photos/130029004@N06/ or salmanshah2018@hotmail.com
Pixels-to-Processing-Unveiling-the-Essence-of-Computer-Basics.pptxAttitude Tally Academy
Let's start our exploration with pixels, the tiny, elemental units that converge to form the vibrant images and visuals on our screens. Pixels are the foundation of the visual experience, and as we traverse through the digital landscape, we encounter them at every turn.
Useful Link: https://www.attitudetallyacademy.com/functionalarea/basics-of-computer
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Assuring Contact Center Experiences for Your Customers With ThousandEyes
01slide
1. Chapter 1 Introduction to
Computers, Programs, and Java
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Ninth Edition, (c) 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved.
1
2. Objectives
To understand computer basics, programs, and operating systems
(§§1.2–1.4).
To describe the relationship between Java and the World Wide Web
(§1.5).
To understand the meaning of Java language specification, API,
JDK, and IDE (§1.6).
To write a simple Java program (§1.7).
To display output on the console (§1.7).
To explain the basic syntax of a Java program (§1.7).
To create, compile, and run Java programs (§1.8).
To display output using the JOptionPane message dialog boxes
(§1.9).
To become familiar with Java programming style and documentation
(§1.10).
To explain the differences between syntax errors, runtime errors, and
logic errors (§1.11).
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Ninth Edition, (c) 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved.
2
3. What is a Computer?
A computer consists of a CPU, memory, hard disk, floppy disk,
monitor, printer, and communication devices.
Bus
Storage Communication Input Output
Devices Memory CPU Devices Devices Devices
e.g., Disk, CD, e.g., Modem, e.g., Keyboard, e.g., Monitor,
and Tape and NIC Mouse Printer
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Ninth Edition, (c) 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved.
3
4. CPU
The central processing unit (CPU) is the brain of a computer. It
retrieves instructions from memory and executes them. The CPU
speed is measured in megahertz (MHz), with 1 megahertz equaling 1
million pulses per second. The speed of the CPU has been improved
continuously. If you buy a PC now, you can get an Intel Pentium 4
Processor at 3 gigahertz (1 gigahertz is 1000 megahertz).
Bus
Storage Communication Input Output
Memory CPU Devices Devices Devices
Devices
e.g., Disk, CD, e.g., Modem, e.g., Keyboard, e.g., Monitor,
and Tape and NIC Mouse Printer
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Ninth Edition, (c) 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved.
4
5. Memory
Memory is to store data and program instructions for CPU to
execute. A memory unit is an ordered sequence of bytes, each holds
eight bits. A program and its data must be brought to memory before
they can be executed. A memory byte is never empty, but its initial
content may be meaningless to your program. The current content of
a memory byte is lost whenever new information is placed in it.
Bus
Storage Communication Input Output
Memory CPU Devices Devices Devices
Devices
e.g., Disk, CD, e.g., Modem, e.g., Keyboard, e.g., Monitor,
and Tape and NIC Mouse Printer
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Ninth Edition, (c) 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved.
5
6. How Data is Stored?
Data of various kinds, such as numbers,
characters, and strings, are encoded as a
series of bits (zeros and ones). Computers
use zeros and ones because digital devices Memory address Memory content
have two stable states, which are referred to
as zero and one by convention. The . .
programmers need not to be concerned about . .
. .
the encoding and decoding of data, which is
2000 01001010 Encoding for character „J‟
performed automatically by the system based
2001 01100001 Encoding for character „a‟
on the encoding scheme. The encoding 2002 01110110 Encoding for character „v‟
scheme varies. For example, character „J‟ is 2003 01100001 Encoding for character „a‟
represented by 01001010 in one byte. A 2004 00000011 Encoding for number 3
small number such as three can be stored in a
single byte. If computer needs to store a
large number that cannot fit into a single
byte, it uses a number of adjacent bytes. No
two data can share or split a same byte. A
byte is the minimum storage unit.
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Ninth Edition, (c) 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved.
6
7. Storage Devices
Memory is volatile, because information is lost when the power is
off. Programs and data are permanently stored on storage devices
and are moved to memory when the computer actually uses them.
There are three main types of storage devices:Disk drives (hard disks
and floppy disks), CD drives (CD-R and CD-RW), and Tape drives.
Bus
Storage Communication Input Output
Memory CPU Devices Devices Devices
Devices
e.g., Disk, CD, e.g., Modem, e.g., Keyboard, e.g., Monitor,
and Tape and NIC Mouse Printer
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Ninth Edition, (c) 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved.
7
8. Output Devices: Monitor
The monitor displays information (text and graphics). The resolution
and dot pitch determine the quality of the display.
Bus
Storage Communication Input Output
Memory CPU Devices Devices Devices
Devices
e.g., Disk, CD, e.g., Modem, e.g., Keyboard, e.g., Monitor,
and Tape and NIC Mouse Printer
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Ninth Edition, (c) 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved.
8
9. Monitor Resolution and Dot Pitch
resolution The screen resolution specifies the number of pixels in
horizontal and vertical dimensions of the display device.
Pixels (short for “picture elements”) are tiny dots that form
an image on the screen. A common resolution for a 17-inch
screen, for example, is 1,024 pixels wide and 768 pixels
high. The resolution can be set manually. The higher the
resolution, the sharper and clearer the image is.
dot pitch The dot pitch is the amount of space between pixels,
measured in millimeters. The smaller the dot pitch, the
sharper the display.
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Ninth Edition, (c) 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved.
9
10. Communication Devices
A regular modem uses a phone line and can transfer data in a speed up to
56,000 bps (bits per second). A DSL (digital subscriber line) also uses a
phone line and can transfer data in a speed 20 times faster than a regular
modem. A cable modem uses the TV cable line maintained by the cable
company. A cable modem is as fast as a DSL. Network interface card
(NIC) is a device to connect a computer to a local area network (LAN).
The LAN is commonly used in business, universities, and government
organizations. A typical type of NIC, called 10BaseT, can transfer data at
10 mbps (million bits per second).
Bus
Storage Communication Input Output
Memory CPU Devices Devices Devices
Devices
e.g., Disk, CD, e.g., Modem, e.g., Keyboard, e.g., Monitor,
and Tape and NIC Mouse Printer
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Ninth Edition, (c) 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved.
10
11. Programs
Computer programs, known as software, are instructions to
the computer.
You tell a computer what to do through programs. Without
programs, a computer is an empty machine. Computers do
not understand human languages, so you need to use
computer languages to communicate with them.
Programs are written using programming languages.
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Ninth Edition, (c) 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved.
11
12. Programming Languages
Machine Language Assembly Language High-Level Language
Machine language is a set of primitive instructions
built into every computer. The instructions are in
the form of binary code, so you have to enter binary
codes for various instructions. Program with native
machine language is a tedious process. Moreover
the programs are highly difficult to read and
modify. For example, to add two numbers, you
might write an instruction in binary like this:
1101101010011010
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Ninth Edition, (c) 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved.
12
13. Programming Languages
Machine Language Assembly Language High-Level Language
Assembly languages were developed to make programming
easy. Since the computer cannot understand assembly
language, however, a program called assembler is used to
convert assembly language programs into machine code.
For example, to add two numbers, you might write an
instruction in assembly code like this:
ADDF3 R1, R2, R3
Assembly Source File
Machine Code File
…
Assembler …
ADDF3 R1, R2, R3
1101101010011010
… …
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Ninth Edition, (c) 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved.
13
14. Programming Languages
Machine Language Assembly Language High-Level Language
The high-level languages are English-like and easy to learn
and program. For example, the following is a high-level
language statement that computes the area of a circle with
radius 5:
area = 5 * 5 * 3.1415;
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Ninth Edition, (c) 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved.
14
15. Popular High-Level Languages
Language Description
Ada Named for Ada Lovelace, who worked on mechanical general-purpose computers. The Ada
language was developed for the Department of Defense and is used mainly in defense projects.
BASIC Beginner‟s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. It was designed to be learned and used easily
by beginners.
C Developed at Bell Laboratories. C combines the power of an assembly language with the ease of
use and portability of a high-level language.
C++ C++ is an object-oriented language, based on C.
C# Pronounced “C Sharp.” It is a hybrid of Java and C++ and was developed by Microsoft.
COBOL COmmon Business Oriented Language. Used for business applications.
FORTRAN FORmula TRANslation. Popular for scientific and mathematical applications.
Java Developed by Sun Microsystems, now part of Oracle. It is widely used for developing platform-
independent Internet applications.
Pascal Named for Blaise Pascal, who pioneered calculating machines in the seventeenth century. It is a
simple, structured, general-purpose language primarily for teaching programming.
Python A simple general-purpose scripting language good for writing short programs.
Visual Visual Basic was developed by Microsoft and it enables the programmers to rapidly develop
Basic graphical user interfaces.
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Ninth Edition, (c) 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved.
15
16. Interpreting/Compiling Source Code
A program written in a high-level language is called
a source program or source code. Because a
computer cannot understand a source program, a
source program must be translated into machine
code for execution. The translation can be done
using another programming tool called an
interpreter or a compiler.
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Ninth Edition, (c) 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved.
16
17. Interpreting Source Code
An interpreter reads one statement from the source
code, translates it to the machine code or virtual
machine code, and then executes it right away, as
shown in the following figure. Note that a statement
from the source code may be translated into several
machine instructions.
High-level Source File
… Output
area = 5 * 5 * 3.1415; Interpreter
...
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Ninth Edition, (c) 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved.
17
18. Compiling Source Code
A compiler translates the entire source code into a
machine-code file, and the machine-code file is
then executed, as shown in the following figure.
High-level Source File Machine-code File
… … Output
area = 5 * 5 * 3.1415; Compiler 0101100011011100 Executor
... 1111100011000100
…
...
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Ninth Edition, (c) 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved.
18
19. Operating Systems
The operating system (OS) is a
program that manages and controls User
a computer‟s activities. The
popular operating systems for Application Programs
general-purpose computers
are Microsoft Windows, Mac
Operating System
OS, and Linux. Application
programs, such as a Web
Hardware
browser or a word processor,
cannot run unless an
operating system is installed
and running on the computer.
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Ninth Edition, (c) 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved.
19
20. Why Java?
The answer is that Java enables users to develop and
deploy applications on the Internet for servers, desktop
computers, and small hand-held devices. The future of
computing is being profoundly influenced by the Internet,
and Java promises to remain a big part of that future. Java
is the Internet programming language.
Java is a general purpose programming language.
Java is the Internet programming language.
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Ninth Edition, (c) 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved.
20
21. Java, Web, and Beyond
Java can be used to develop Web
applications.
Java Applets
Java Web Applications
Java can also be used to develop applications
for hand-held devices such as Palm and cell
phones
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Ninth Edition, (c) 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved.
21
22. Examples of Java‟s Versatility (Applets)
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Ninth Edition, (c) 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved.
22
23. PDA and Cell Phone
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Ninth Edition, (c) 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved.
23
24. Java‟s History
James Gosling and Sun Microsystems
Oak
Java, May 20, 1995, Sun World
HotJava
– The first Java-enabled Web browser
Early History Website:
http://www.java.com/en/javahistory/index.jsp
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Ninth Edition, (c) 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved.
24
25. Companion
Website Characteristics of Java
Java Is Simple
Java Is Object-Oriented
Java Is Distributed
Java Is Interpreted
Java Is Robust
Java Is Secure
Java Is Architecture-Neutral
Java Is Portable
Java's Performance
Java Is Multithreaded
Java Is Dynamic
www.cs.armstrong.edu/liang/JavaCharacteristics.pdf
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Ninth Edition, (c) 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved.
25
26. Companion
Website Characteristics of Java
Java Is Simple Java is partially modeled on C++, but greatly
simplified and improved. Some people refer to
Java Is Object-Oriented Java as "C++--" because it is like C++ but
Java Is Distributed with more functionality and fewer negative
aspects.
Java Is Interpreted
Java Is Robust
Java Is Secure
Java Is Architecture-Neutral
Java Is Portable
Java's Performance
Java Is Multithreaded
Java Is Dynamic
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Ninth Edition, (c) 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved.
26
27. Companion
Website Characteristics of Java
Java Is Simple Java is inherently object-oriented.
Although many object-oriented languages
Java Is Object-Oriented began strictly as procedural languages,
Java Is Distributed Java was designed from the start to be
object-oriented. Object-oriented
Java Is Interpreted
programming (OOP) is a popular
Java Is Robust programming approach that is replacing
Java Is Secure traditional procedural programming
techniques.
Java Is Architecture-Neutral
Java Is Portable One of the central issues in software
development is how to reuse code. Object-
Java's Performance oriented programming provides great
Java Is Multithreaded flexibility, modularity, clarity, and
reusability through encapsulation,
Java Is Dynamic inheritance, and polymorphism.
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Ninth Edition, (c) 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved.
27
28. Companion
Website Characteristics of Java
Java Is Simple Distributed computing involves several
computers working together on a network.
Java Is Object-Oriented Java is designed to make distributed
Java Is Distributed computing easy. Since networking
capability is inherently integrated into
Java Is Interpreted
Java, writing network programs is like
Java Is Robust sending and receiving data to and from a
Java Is Secure file.
Java Is Architecture-Neutral
Java Is Portable
Java's Performance
Java Is Multithreaded
Java Is Dynamic
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Ninth Edition, (c) 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved.
28
29. Companion
Website Characteristics of Java
Java Is Simple You need an interpreter to run Java
programs. The programs are compiled into
Java Is Object-Oriented the Java Virtual Machine code called
Java Is Distributed bytecode. The bytecode is machine-
independent and can run on any machine
Java Is Interpreted
that has a Java interpreter, which is part of
Java Is Robust the Java Virtual Machine (JVM).
Java Is Secure
Java Is Architecture-Neutral
Java Is Portable
Java's Performance
Java Is Multithreaded
Java Is Dynamic
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Ninth Edition, (c) 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved.
29
30. Companion
Website Characteristics of Java
Java Is Simple Java compilers can detect many problems
that would first show up at execution time
Java Is Object-Oriented in other languages.
Java Is Distributed
Java has eliminated certain types of error-
Java Is Interpreted
prone programming constructs found in
Java Is Robust other languages.
Java Is Secure
Java has a runtime exception-handling
Java Is Architecture-Neutral feature to provide programming support
Java Is Portable for robustness.
Java's Performance
Java Is Multithreaded
Java Is Dynamic
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Ninth Edition, (c) 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved.
30
31. Companion
Website Characteristics of Java
Java Is Simple
Java Is Object-Oriented
Java Is Distributed
Java Is Interpreted
Java implements several security
Java Is Robust mechanisms to protect your system against
Java Is Secure harm caused by stray programs.
Java Is Architecture-Neutral
Java Is Portable
Java's Performance
Java Is Multithreaded
Java Is Dynamic
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Ninth Edition, (c) 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved.
31
32. Companion
Website Characteristics of Java
Java Is Simple
Java Is Object-Oriented
Java Is Distributed
Java Is Interpreted
Java Is Robust
Java Is Secure
Java Is Architecture-Neutral Write once, run anywhere
Java Is Portable With a Java Virtual Machine (JVM),
Java's Performance you can write one program that will
Java Is Multithreaded run on any platform.
Java Is Dynamic
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Ninth Edition, (c) 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved.
32
33. Companion
Website Characteristics of Java
Java Is Simple
Java Is Object-Oriented
Java Is Distributed
Java Is Interpreted
Java Is Robust
Java Is Secure
Java Is Architecture-Neutral
Java Is Portable Because Java is architecture neutral,
Java programs are portable. They can
Java's Performance
be run on any platform without being
Java Is Multithreaded recompiled.
Java Is Dynamic
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Ninth Edition, (c) 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved.
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34. Companion
Website Characteristics of Java
Java Is Simple
Java Is Object-Oriented
Java Is Distributed
Java Is Interpreted
Java Is Robust
Java Is Secure
Java Is Architecture-Neutral
Java Is Portable Java‟s performance Because Java is
architecture neutral, Java programs are
Java's Performance
portable. They can be run on any
Java Is Multithreaded platform without being recompiled.
Java Is Dynamic
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35. Companion
Website Characteristics of Java
Java Is Simple
Java Is Object-Oriented
Java Is Distributed
Java Is Interpreted
Java Is Robust
Java Is Secure
Java Is Architecture-Neutral
Java Is Portable
Java's Performance
Multithread programming is smoothly
Java Is Multithreaded integrated in Java, whereas in other
Java Is Dynamic languages you have to call procedures
specific to the operating system to enable
multithreading.
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36. Companion
Website Characteristics of Java
Java Is Simple
Java Is Object-Oriented
Java Is Distributed
Java Is Interpreted
Java Is Robust
Java Is Secure
Java Is Architecture-Neutral
Java Is Portable
Java's Performance Java was designed to adapt to an evolving
environment. New code can be loaded on the
Java Is Multithreaded fly without recompilation. There is no need for
developers to create, and for users to install,
Java Is Dynamic major new software versions. New features can
be incorporated transparently as needed.
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36
37. JDK Versions
JDK 1.02 (1995)
JDK 1.1 (1996)
JDK 1.2 (1998)
JDK 1.3 (2000)
JDK 1.4 (2002)
JDK 1.5 (2004) a. k. a. JDK 5 or Java 5
JDK 1.6 (2006) a. k. a. JDK 6 or Java 6
JDK 1.7 (2011) a. k. a. JDK 7 or Java 7
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37
38. JDK Editions
Java Standard Edition (J2SE)
– J2SE can be used to develop client-side standalone
applications or applets.
Java Enterprise Edition (J2EE)
– J2EE can be used to develop server-side applications such as
Java servlets, Java ServerPages, and Java ServerFaces.
Java Micro Edition (J2ME).
– J2ME can be used to develop applications for mobile devices
such as cell phones.
This book uses J2SE to introduce Java programming.
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38
39. Popular Java IDEs
NetBeans
Eclipse
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39
40. A Simple Java Program
Listing 1.1
//This program prints Welcome to Java!
public class Welcome {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
}
}
IMPORTANT NOTE: (1) To enable the buttons, you must
Welcome download the entire slide file slide.zip and unzip the files
into a directory (e.g., c:slide) . (2) You must have installed
Run JDK and set JDK‟s bin directory in your environment path
(e.g., c:Program Filesjavajdk1.7.0bin in your
environment path. (3) If you are using Office 2010, check
PowerPoint2010.doc located in the same folder with this ppt
file.
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40
41. Creating and Editing Using NotePad
To use NotePad, type
notepad Welcome.java
from the DOS prompt.
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41
42. Creating and Editing Using WordPad
To use WordPad, type
write Welcome.java
from the DOS prompt.
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42
43. Creating, Compiling, and
Running Programs
Create/Modify Source Code
Source code (developed by the programmer)
Saved on the disk
public class Welcome {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Welcome to Java!"); Source Code
}
}
Compile Source Code
Byte code (generated by the compiler for JVM i.e., javac Welcome.java
to read and interpret, not for you to understand)
…
Method Welcome() If compilation errors
0 aload_0 stored on the disk
…
Bytecode
Method void main(java.lang.String[])
0 getstatic #2 …
3 ldc #3 <String "Welcome to
Java!">
5 invokevirtual #4 …
8 return Run Byteode
i.e., java Welcome
Result
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Ninth Edition, (c) 2013 If runtime errors or incorrectAll
Pearson Education, Inc. result
rights reserved.
43
44. Compiling Java Source Code
You can port a source program to any machine with appropriate
compilers. The source program must be recompiled, however, because
the object program can only run on a specific machine. Nowadays
computers are networked to work together. Java was designed to run
object programs on any platform. With Java, you write the program
once, and compile the source program into a special type of object
code, known as bytecode. The bytecode can then run on any computer
with a Java Virtual Machine, as shown below. Java Virtual Machine is
a software that interprets Java bytecode.
Java Bytecode
Java Virtual
Machine
Any
Computer
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45. animation
Trace a Program Execution
Enter main method
//This program prints Welcome to Java!
public class Welcome {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
}
}
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Ninth Edition, (c) 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved.
45
46. animation
Trace a Program Execution
Execute statement
//This program prints Welcome to Java!
public class Welcome {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
}
}
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46
47. animation
Trace a Program Execution
//This program prints Welcome to Java!
public class Welcome {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
}
}
print a message to the
console
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48. Two More Simple Examples
WelcomeWithThreeMessages Run
ComputeExpression Run
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49. Companion
Website Supplements on the
Companion Website
See Supplement I.B for installing and
configuring JDK
See Supplement I.C for compiling and
running Java from the command window for
details
www.cs.armstrong.edu/liang/intro8e
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50. Companion
Website Compiling and Running Java
from the Command Window
Set path to JDK bin directory
– set path=c:Program Filesjavajdk1.6.0bin
Set classpath to include the current directory
– set classpath=.
Compile
– javac Welcome.java
Run
– java Welcome
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51. Compiling and Running Java
Companion
Website from TextPad
See Supplement II.A on the Website for details
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52. Companion
Website Compiling and Running Java
from Eclipse
See Supplement II.D on the Website for details
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rights reserved.
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53. Companion
Website Compiling and Running
Java from NetBeans
See Supplement I.D on the Website for details
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53
54. Anatomy of a Java Program
Class name
Main method
Statements
Statement terminator
Reserved words
Comments
Blocks
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54
55. Class Name
Every Java program must have at least one class.
Each class has a name. By convention, class names
start with an uppercase letter. In this example, the
class name is Welcome.
//This program prints Welcome to Java!
public class Welcome {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
}
}
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55
56. Main Method
Line 2 defines the main method. In order to run a
class, the class must contain a method named main.
The program is executed from the main method.
//This program prints Welcome to Java!
public class Welcome {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
}
}
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56
57. Statement
A statement represents an action or a sequence of
actions. The statement System.out.println("Welcome to
Java!") in the program in Listing 1.1 is a statement to
display the greeting "Welcome to Java!“.
//This program prints Welcome to Java!
public class Welcome {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
}
}
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57
58. Statement Terminator
Every statement in Java ends with a semicolon (;).
//This program prints Welcome to Java!
public class Welcome {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
}
}
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Ninth Edition, (c) 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All
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58
59. Reserved words
Reserved words or keywords are words that have a
specific meaning to the compiler and cannot be used for
other purposes in the program. For example, when the
compiler sees the word class, it understands that the word
after class is the name for the class.
//This program prints Welcome to Java!
public class Welcome {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
}
}
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59
60. Blocks
A pair of braces in a program forms a block that groups
components of a program.
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) { Class block
System.out.println("Welcome to Java!"); Method block
}
}
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60
61. Special Symbols
Character Name Description
{} Opening and closing Denotes a block to enclose statements.
braces
() Opening and closing Used with methods.
parentheses
[] Opening and closing Denotes an array.
brackets
// Double slashes Precedes a comment line.
" " Opening and closing Enclosing a string (i.e., sequence of characters).
quotation marks
; Semicolon Marks the end of a statement.
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61
62. { …}
// This program prints Welcome to Java!
public class Welcome {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
}
}
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62
63. ( … )
// This program prints Welcome to Java!
public class Welcome {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
}
}
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63
64. ;
// This program prints Welcome to Java!
public class Welcome {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
}
}
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64
65. // …
// This program prints Welcome to Java!
public class Welcome {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
}
}
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65
66. "…"
// This program prints Welcome to Java!
public class Welcome {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
}
}
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66
67. Displaying Text in a Message
Dialog Box
you can use the showMessageDialog method in the
JOptionPane class. JOptionPane is one of the many
predefined classes in the Java system, which can be
reused rather than “reinventing the wheel.”
WelcomeInMessageDialogBox
Run IMPORTANT NOTE: (1) To enable the buttons, you must
download the entire slide file slide.zip and unzip the files into a
directory (e.g., c:slide) . (2) You must have installed JDK and
set JDK‟s bin directory in your environment path (e.g.,
c:Program Filesjavajdk1.7.0bin in your environment path.
(3) If you are using Office 2010, check PowerPoint2010.doc
located in the same folder with this ppt file.
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Ninth Edition, (c) 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved.
67
69. Two Ways to Invoke the Method
There are several ways to use the showMessageDialog
method. For the time being, all you need to know are
two ways to invoke it.
One is to use a statement as shown in the example:
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, x,
y, JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
where x is a string for the text to be displayed, and y is
a string for the title of the message dialog box.
The other is to use a statement like this:
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, x);
where x is a string for the text to be displayed.
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Ninth Edition, (c) 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All
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69
70. Programming Style and
Documentation
Appropriate Comments
Naming Conventions
Proper Indentation and Spacing
Lines
Block Styles
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71. Appropriate Comments
Include a summary at the beginning of the
program to explain what the program does, its key
features, its supporting data structures, and any
unique techniques it uses.
Include your name, class section, instructor, date,
and a brief description at the beginning of the
program.
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71
72. Naming Conventions
Choose meaningful and descriptive names.
Class names:
– Capitalize the first letter of each word in the
name. For example, the class name
ComputeExpression.
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73. Proper Indentation and Spacing
Indentation
– Indent two spaces.
Spacing
– Use blank line to separate segments of the code.
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73
74. Block Styles
Use end-of-line style for braces.
Next-line public class Test
style {
public static void main(String[] args)
{
System.out.println("Block Styles");
}
}
End-of-line
style
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Block Styles");
}
}
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74
75. Programming Errors
Syntax Errors
– Detected by the compiler
Runtime Errors
– Causes the program to abort
Logic Errors
– Produces incorrect result
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75
76. Syntax Errors
public class ShowSyntaxErrors {
public static main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Welcome to Java);
}
}
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76
77. Runtime Errors
public class ShowRuntimeErrors {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(1 / 0);
}
}
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77
78. Logic Errors
public class ShowLogicErrors {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Celsius 35 is Fahrenheit degree ");
System.out.println((9 / 5) * 35 + 32);
}
}
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78