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- 1. *Property of STI I0050 PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTALS Flowchart Algorithm Programming Cycle Pseudocode Software Development Life Cycle 1 __________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ *Property of STI I0050 A methodology used to develop, maintain, and replace information systems Improves the quality of the software design and development process Importance of SDLC To create good systems design A guide in systems development 2 _________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ *Property of STI I0050 Planning Analysis Design Implementation Maintenance 3 __________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ *Property of STI I0050 Initial stage in the SDLC Includes the information about the requirements for the proposed software Known as the feasibility study phase “In the first phase of the SDLC, the organization’s total information system needs are identified, analyzed, prioritized, and arranged.” 4 _________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________
- 2. *Property of STI I0050 Requires the analyst to thoroughly study the current procedures or software used The main goal is to identify the requirements “This phase studies the current system and produces proposed alternatives or replacements.” 5 __________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ *Property of STI I0050 The developer translates into actual design or specifications of the software Development of the software: covering the input and output screens to reports, databases, and computer process 6 _________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ *Property of STI I0050 Coding Creation of the actual program Testing Performs quality testing Installation Slowly or completely replaces the old software 7 __________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ *Property of STI I0050 To remove found errors Software is systematically repaired and improved 8 _________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________
- 3. *Property of STI I0050 Suggests that prior to proceeding to next phase, the current phase should be finished first 9 __________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ *Property of STI I0050 Allows overlap between phases Allows phases to repeat, if necessary MAINTENANCE IMPLEMENTATION DESIGN ANALYSIS PLANNING PLANNING ANALYZE DESIGN IMPLEMENT MAINTAIN SYSTEM ANALYZE DESIGN IMPLEMENT 10 ________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ *Property of STI I0050 11 _________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ *Property of STI I0050 A step-by-step problem-solving procedure Finite sequence of steps A specific set of well-defined, simple mathematical and logical procedures 12 ________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________
- 4. *Property of STI I0050 Guide to a good Algorithm 1. Specify each step or instruction exactly 2. There must be a finite number of steps 3. There must be an output 13 _________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ *Property of STI I0050 Generic way of describing an algorithm Models and resembles real programming code while not at end of list compare adjacent elements if second is greater than first switch them get next two elements if elements were switched repeat for entire list 14 ________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ *Property of STI I0050 A chart that contains symbols describing how the program performs A graphic map of the path of control or data Uses symbols such as squares, diamonds, and ovals to represent various operations 15 _________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ *Property of STI I0050 Terminal block Process block Input/output block Decision block Initialization block Connector Flow Lines 16 ________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________
- 5. *Property of STI I0050 Indicated by straight lines with arrows Arrowhead is sometimes not shown Used to connect blocks 17 _________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ *Property of STI I0050 Ovals or rounded rectangles used to indicate the start and the end START END 18 ________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ *Property of STI I0050 The hexagon used for declaring / initializing variables Declaration Initialization X = 10 Y = 25 19 _________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ *Property of STI I0050 The rectangle indicates a processing block One entrance and one exit X = Y + Z A = 18 B = A - 2 20 ________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________
- 6. *Property of STI I0050 The parallelogram indicates input to and output operations One entrance and only one exit Get X Display X 21 _________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ *Property of STI I0050 The diamond indicates a decision One entrance and exactly two exits from the block Action when TRUE Condition Action when FALSE FT 22 ________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ *Property of STI I0050 The circle is used as a connection point between two sections not adjacent or closely located to each other Enhance readability A A 23 _________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ *Property of STI I0050 Create a flowchart that displays your age five years from now assuming that your present age is 18. Stop Display Age Age = Age + 5 Age = 18 Start 24 ________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________
- 7. *Property of STI I0050 Create a flowchart that will increase the value of x by 5 if x is less than 10 then, display the result; otherwise no action shall be done Start x = 0 x < 10? x = x + 5 Display x Stop Get x Yes No 25 _________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________