CO‐CREATION
           AND
           INNOVATION


           Liz Sanders




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Overview


Where
are
we
now?
Types
of
value
in
co‐creation
Co‐creation
in
the
design
process
Exploring
experience
in
the
front
end
Participatory
prototyping
New
spaces
for
co‐creation
Where
are
we
going?


18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Where
are
we
now?




What’s
the                                       Prototype(s)                                       Development                                       Rollout
Problem?                                         What’s
                                            Refined                                           Validation
                                                 The
Solution?                                      Prototype(s)                                      Assessment


The
stage
gate
process
assumes
that
outcomes
of
each
phase
are
knowable;
can
be
anticipated.




18/10/10


















































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MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Where
are
we
now?




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Where
are
we
now?




        Fuzzy
front
end                             Gap                    Traditional
design
development
process




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Where
are
we
now?




        Fuzzy
front
end                             Gap                    Traditional
design
development
process




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Where
are
we
now?

                                                                                                                                                co-creator



                                                                                                              participant



                                                                                      adapter



                                                             user


                          consumer


  customer




1980’s                                                                   1990’s                                                               2000’s

     18/10/10


















































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MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Where
are
we
now?


                                                                                                                              Co-creation




                                                           User-centered




  Expert-driven


1980’s                                                                   1990’s                                                               2000’s

     18/10/10


















































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MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Where
are
we
now?


                                                                                                                              Co-creation




                                                           User-centered




     Frank Gehry


  Expert-driven


1980’s                                                                   1990’s                                                               2000’s

     18/10/10


















































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MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Where
are
we
now?


UNARTICULATED
NEEDS
AND
DREAMS

UNANTICIPATED
NEEDS
AND
DREAMS

LATENT
OPPORTUNITIES




18/10/10


















































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MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Where
are
we
now?


USER‐CENTERED
INNOVATION

LEAD‐USER
INNOVATION

DESIGN‐LED
INNOVATION

RADICAL
INNOVATION

18/10/10


















































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MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Where
are
we
now?


Today
we
can
see
• co‐creation
within
communities
• co‐creation
inside
companies
and
organizations
• co‐creation
between
companies
and
their
business
  partners
• co‐creation
between
companies
and
the
people
  they
serve



18/10/10


















































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MAKETOOLS,
LLC
The
three
types
of
value
in
co‐creation



 Production                            Business                               Customers                              Marketplace
results                    Short‐term

 Consumption                           Commercial                             Consumers                              Business
                                                                                                                     advancement
 Maximization
of                       Economic
 shareholder
wealth                                                                                                  Products
that
sell

 Positive
experiences                  Experience‐driven                      End‐users                              Products
and
services                  Long‐term
                                                                                                                     that
people
need
and
 Personalization                       Service
orientation                    Empowered                              want                                   From
life
stage
to
                                                                              consumers                                                                     lifetime
 Customization


 Improved
quality
of                   Human‐centered                          Partners                               Transformation                        Very
long‐term
 life
                                       Ecological                              Participants                           Ownership                             Over
many
 Sustainability                                                                                                                                             generations
                                                                               Owners                                 Happiness




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
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MAKETOOLS,
LLC
The
three
types
of
value
in
co‐creation



 Production                            Business                               Customers                              Marketplace
results                    Short‐term

 Consumption                           Commercial                             Consumers                              Business
                                                                                                                     advancement
 Maximization
of                       Economic
 shareholder
wealth                                                                                                  Products
that
sell

 Positive
experiences                  Experience‐driven                      End‐users                              Products
and
services                  Long‐term
                                                                                                                     that
people
need
and
 Personalization                       Service
orientation                    Empowered                              want                                   From
life
stage
to
                                                                              consumers                                                                     lifetime
 Customization


 Improved
quality
of                   Human‐centered                          Partners                               Transformation                        Very
long‐term
 life
                                       Ecological                              Participants                           Ownership                             Over
many
 Sustainability                                                                                                                                             generations
                                                                               Owners                                 Happiness




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
The
three
types
of
value
in
co‐creation



 Production                            Business                               Customers                              Marketplace
results                    Short‐term

 Consumption                           Commercial                             Consumers                              Business
                                                                                                                     advancement
 Maximization
of                       Economic
 shareholder
wealth                                                                                                  Products
that
sell

 Positive
experiences                  Experience‐driven                      End‐users                              Products
and
services                  Long‐term
                                                                                                                     that
people
need
and
 Personalization                       Service
orientation                    Empowered                              want                                   From
life
stage
to
                                                                              consumers                                                                     lifetime
 Customization


 Improved
quality
of                   Human‐centered                          Partners                               Transformation                        Very
long‐term
 life
                                       Ecological                              Participants                           Ownership                             Over
many
 Sustainability                                                                                                                                             generations
                                                                               Owners                                 Happiness




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
The
three
types
of
value
in
co‐creation



 Production                            Business                               Customers                              Marketplace
results                    Short‐term

 Consumption                           Commercial                             Consumers                              Business
                                                                                                                     advancement
 Maximization
of                       Economic
 shareholder
wealth                                                                                                  Products
that
sell

 Positive
experiences                  Experience‐driven                      End‐users                              Products
and
services                  Long‐term
                                                                                                                     that
people
need
and
 Personalization                       Service
orientation                    Empowered                              want                                   From
life
stage
to
                                                                              consumers                                                                     lifetime
 Customization


 Improved
quality
of                   Human‐centered                          Partners                               Transformation                        Very
long‐term
 life
                                       Ecological                              Participants                           Ownership                             Over
many
 Sustainability                                                                                                                                             generations
                                                                               Owners                                 Happiness




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
The
three
types
of
value
in
co‐creation



 Production                            Business                               Customers                              Marketplace
results                    Short‐term

 Consumption                           Commercial                             Consumers                              Business
                                                                                                                     advancement
 Maximization
of                       Economic
 shareholder
wealth                                                                                                  Products
that
sell

 Positive
experiences                  Experience‐driven                      End‐users                              Products
and
services                  Long‐term
                                                                                                                     that
people
need
and
 Personalization                       Service
orientation                    Empowered                              want                                   From
life
stage
to
                                                                              consumers                                                                     lifetime
 Customization


 Improved
quality
of                   Human‐centered                          Partners                               Transformation                        Very
long‐term
 life
                                       Ecological                              Participants                           Ownership                             Over
many
 Sustainability                                                                                                                                             generations
                                                                               Owners                                 Happiness




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Co‐creation
in
the
design
process




PRE-DESIGN                             DISCOVER                                DESIGN                             MARKET+SELL                                   AFTER SALES




  18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
The
co‐creation
of
value
in
the
design
process




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
The
co‐creation
of
value
in
the
design
process




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
The
co‐creation
of
value
in
the
design
process




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
The
co‐creation
of
value
in
the
design
process




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
The
co‐creation
of
value
in
the
design
process




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
The
co‐creation
of
value
in
the
design
process




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
The
co‐creation
of
value
in
the
design
process




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Exploring
experience
in
the
front
end




        Fuzzy
front
end                             Gap                    Traditional
design
development
process




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Exploring
experience
in
the
front
end




Three
principles
for
co‐creation
•   
All
people
are
creative.
•   
All
people
have
dreams.
•   
People
will
fill
in
and
project
their
dreams
    


and
fears
onto
ambiguous
stimuli.




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
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MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Exploring
experience
in
the
front
end




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Exploring
experience
in
the
front
end

                                                                                                                                                                     future




                                                                                        the moment

   past




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Exploring
experience
in
the
front
end

                                                                                                                                                                     future


                                                                                                                               ms
                                                                                                                         d rea
                                                                                                                                rs
                                                                                                                            fea

                                                            s
                                                     m orie
                                                  me       are
                                                               s
                                                        tm
                                                   nigh                                  the moment

   past




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Participatory
prototyping
in
the
front
end




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Participatory
prototyping
in
the
front
end




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Participatory
prototyping
in
the
front
end

                                                      Make
                                                      2‐D
collages
using
visual
and
verbal
triggers
on
                                                      backgrounds
with
timelines,
circles,
etc.
                                                      2‐D
mappings
using
visual
and
verbal
components
                                                      on
patterned
backgrounds
                                                      3‐D
mock‐ups
using
foam,
clay,
Legos
or
Velcro‐
                                                      modeling
                                                      Low‐tech
prototypes
                                                      Provotypes
and
design
artifacts
from
the
future
                                                      3‐D
space
models
(small
scale)
such
as
the
doll
                                                      house
toolkit


18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Participatory
prototyping
in
the
front
end




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Participatory
prototyping
in
the
front
end




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Participatory
prototyping
in
the
front
end




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Participatory
prototyping
in
the
front
end




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Participatory
prototyping
in
the
front
end




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Participatory
prototyping
in
the
front
end




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Participatory
prototyping
in
the
front
end




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Participatory
prototyping
in
the
front
end




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Participatory
prototyping
in
the
front
end




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Participatory
prototyping
in
the
front
end




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Participatory
prototyping
in
the
front
end




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Participatory
prototyping
in
the
front
end




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Participatory
prototyping
in
the
front
end




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Participatory
prototyping
in
the
front
end




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Participatory
prototyping
in
the
front
end

                                                   Tell
                                                   Stories
and
storyboarding
through
writing,
drawing,
blogs,
                                                   wikis,
photos,
video,
etc.
                                                   Diaries
and
daily
logs
through
writing,
drawing,
blogs,
                                                   photos,
video,
etc.
                                                   Self
observation
through
photos,
video,
blogs,
writing,
                                                   drawing,
etc.
                                                   Documentaries
and
movie‐making
                                                   Experience
timelines
or
maps
                                                   Paper
spaces
to
collect,
organize,
categorize,
reframe,
chart
                                                   and/or
make
decisions
about
ideas
or
concepts.
                                                   Cards
to
organize,
categorize
and
prioritize
ideas
                                                   Voting
dots
to
prioritize
ideas.

18/10/10


















































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MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Participatory
prototyping
in
the
front
end




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Participatory
prototyping
in
the
front
end




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Participatory
prototyping
in
the
front
end




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Participatory
prototyping
in
the
front
end




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Participatory
prototyping
in
the
front
end

PostSecret confessions
An anonymous postcard activity in
which people draw, write or otherwise
record a secret about the topic at hand.
This works especially well with topics of a
sensitive nature that participants might
not otherwise be willing to admit.




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Participatory
prototyping
in
the
front
end

                                                            Enact
                                                            Props
and
black
boxes
                                                            3‐D
space
models
(full
scale)
                                                            Scenario‐making
in
the
space
models
or
through
                                                            sandplay
                                                            Participatory
envisioning
and
enactment
by
                                                            setting
users
in
future
situations
                                                            Improvisation
                                                            Acting
out,
skits
and
play
acting
                                                            Role
playing
with
actors,
pretenders,
puppets,
                                                            dolls,
etc.
                                                            Bodystorming
and
informative
performance
18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
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INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Participatory
prototyping
in
the
front
end




The
picture
is
from
Herlev
on
a
cold
day
full
of
enthusiasm
from
participating
citizens,
a
retail
shop,
the
caretaker,
the
municipality,
and

designers
from
1508,
3PART
and
DKDS.
See
the
video
of
the
enacted
future
scenario
at
www.1.affaldshistorier.dk!


18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Participatory
prototyping
in
the
front
end




Westerlund,
B.
(2009)
Design
Space
Exploration:
Co‐operative
Creation
of
Proposals
for
Desired
Interactions
with
Future
Artefacts.
Ph.D.
Thesis,
Human‐Computer
Interaction,
Stockholm:
KTH.



18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Participatory
prototyping
in
the
front
end




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Emily
Strouse,
Cory
Daughton,
Mohini
Dutt,
Bob
Cervas
and
Shay
Merritte
|
Design
797
|
The
Ohio
State
University

4
June,
2010
18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Overview

Where
are
we
now?
Types
of
value
in
co‐creation
Co‐creation
in
the
design
process
Exploring
experience
in
the
front
end
Participatory
prototyping
New
spaces
for
co‐creation
Where
are
we
going?



18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
New
spaces
for
co‐creation




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
New
spaces
for
co‐creation


                                                                                                              The
embodiment
of
the
idea
                                                                                                              is
the
deliverable
of
the
design
                                                                                                              process.

                                                                                                              The
conceptual
design
space
                                                                                                              consists
of
all
the
territory
that
Embodiment                                                                                                    has
been
or
will
be
navigated
in
                                                                                                              the
exploration.
Conceptual
                                                                                                              The
contextual
design
space
is
Contextual                                                                                                    described
by
the
current
domains
                                                                                                              relevant
to
design
development
                                                                                                              including
manufacturing,
sales,
                                                                                                              use,
etc.


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DE
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INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
New
spaces
for
co‐creation

                                                                                                                       The
intentional
design
space
                                                                                                                       is
focused
on
the
solving
of
                                                                                                                       wicked
problems
and
on
the
                                                                                                                       identification
of
latent
                                                                                                                       opportunities.

                                                                                                                       The
intentional
space
                                                                                                                       is
generative
and
invites
                                                                                                                       co‐creativity.

                                                                                                                       The
intentional
design
space
                                                                                                                       points
toward
the
future.




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DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
New
spaces
for
co‐creation




                                                                                               Design
embodiments
that
emerge
                                                                                               from
an
exploration
of
intentional
                                                                                               design
space
include:
                                                                                               ~

behavioral
change
                                                                                               ~
organizational
transformation
                                                                                               ~
social
transformation.
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DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Where
are
we
going?




DESIGN‐LED
INNOVATION?




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ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Where
are
we
going?




CO‐DESIGN
LED
INNOVATION




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DE
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INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Where
are
we
going?


 I have become increasingly aware of the fact that women are
 better at co-creation than men……It’s a terrible conclusion
 to reach, particularly for a guy. I wonder if this makes me a
 gender racist, and whether I will ostracize one-half of the
 populations I will address from here on. But I increasingly
 believe it is statistically true.



                                                         http://francisgouillart.com/
                                                         October 3, 2010



18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Where
are
we
going?




DESIGN
AS
LEADING?




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
Where
are
we
going?




DESIGN
AS
SEEDING




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC
thank
you




18/10/10


















































ESCUELA
DE
ORGANIZACIÓN
INDUSTRIAL






















































MAKETOOLS,
LLC

Co-creation and Innovation