This is a Pile Foundation and beams site report actually done on site. This includes site photos, Introduction, Q&A on site, conclusions.

1. PileandG.B & P.B Details
Shaikh Munazzar Arshad
2nd Year B.Arch.
Ramesh Phirodia College of Architecture

2. Introduction :
This is the report of Site visit of Pile Foundation Carried out in order to
understand how the theoretical knowledge is fitted in practice.
Objectives :
✓ To get an understanding how the theoretical technical details are worked out
on the site.
✓ To understand how the piles are digged with the use of machineries.
✓ To understand how the reinforcement is placed inside the pile
✓ To understand how the ground beam and plinth beam details are worked on
the site.
Reason for choosing this site :
✓ The main reason for choosing this site for observation process and to see the
theoretical knowledge being fitted in practice is that this construction site was
implementing all that theory we have gone through at this stage.
Site report:

3. The building site we chose was a bungalow being constructed.
Building Site :
NAME Bungalow of Mr. Jagtap
TYPE OF BUILDING A one story bungalow
LOCATION Nakshatra Lawns,
Ahmednagar
RCC CONSULTANT Pankaj Zaware
DATE OF SITEVISIT 31 Jan 2020

4. What are Pile Foundations ?
✓ Pile foundation, a kind of deep foundation, is actually a slender column or long
cylinder made of materials such as concrete or steel which are used to support
the structure and transfer the load at desired depth either by end bearing or skin
friction.
✓ Pile foundations are usually used for large structures and in situations where the
soil at shallow depth is not suitable to resist excessive settlement, resist uplift, etc.

5. The placing of Pile reinforcement
into the dig.

6. Pile reinforcement
Circular pile with ring attached to the external bars

7. Placing of Pile Caps above the ground level

8. Pile Cap

9. The bars and stirrups used in making
Pile Caps

10. Building Site :Questions asked on the site :
Q. What are the types of pile based on material used?
Timber pile, concrete pile, steel pile, composite pile.
Q. How is the selection of pile carried out?
The selection of the type, length and capacity is usually made from
estimation based on the soil condition and magnitude of the load.
Q. What are the factors consider while selecting the type of pile?
-the loads
-time available for completion of the job
-availability of equipment
-the ground water conditions
-the characteristics of the soil strata involved

11. Building Site :Conclusions :
We use Pile Foundation when :
When the groundwater table is high.
Heavy and un-uniform loads from superstructure are imposed.
Other types of foundations are costlier or not feasible.
When the soil at shallow depth is compressible.
When there is the possibility of scouring, due to its location near the river
bed or seashore,etc.
When there is a canal or deep drainage systems near the structure.
When soil excavation is not possible up to the desired depth due to poor
soil condition.
When it becomes impossible to keep the foundation trenches dry by
pumping or by any other measure due to heavy inflow of seepage.
Because of this reasons pile foundations are becoming highly usable
during this time.

12. G.B & P.B Details

13. What is Ground Beam?
The Ground Beam is the beam which is provided usually at the foundation
level to support building walls, joists, etc. Typically the ground beams are
directly rested on the ground, sometimes they can be supported by end
piers.
• Typically ground beams are made of reinforced concrete.
• Ground beams are typically constructed at foundation level.
• Ground beads support wall, joists, etc.
• It is provided where the soil bearing capacity beneath the wall is poor.
Advantages of Ground Beam
• Ground beams can be constructed quickly.
• Resists the settlement of the supporting walls.
• Bearing capacity of soil may increase indirectly due to the generated
pressure
What are Ground beams ?

14. What are Plinth beams ?
• Plinth beam is a beam in a framed structure provided at ground level.
• It also known as a tie beam because it binds the column.
• It may not carry any slab load and designed to carry its own self weight
and masonry load above the plinth beam.
• The plinth beam needs to be strong, but need not to be made up of
reinforced cement concrete (RCC) all the time.
• It provides additional stability in regard to settlements of the building and
earthquake damages.
Why Plinth beams are used?
• To avoid differential settlement.
• To maintain the plinth plane proper.
• To connect all the columns if depth of foundation is high.
• To avoid difficulties in construction of walls.

15. Ground beam and Plinth beam reinforcement

16. Ground beam reinforcement details:
Stirrups and bar joints

17. Placing of bars on the
ground beams

18. Intersection of Ground beam and column

19. Ground beams and Plinth details

21. Building Site :Conclusions :
Why Ground beams are used?
• Ground beams can be constructed quickly.
• Resists the settlement of the supporting walls.
• Bearing capacity of soil may increase indirectly due to the generated
pressure
Why Plinth beams are used?
• To avoid differential settlement.
• To maintain the plinth plane proper.
• To connect all the columns if depth of foundation is high.
• To avoid difficulties in construction of walls.
Because of this reasons Ground beams and Plinth beams are used. They
prove very useful for bearing loads.