case study on types of falulier

1. CASE STUDY ON TYPE OF
FAILURE
PREPARED BY:-
NITIN KHAMBHALIYA(14SOECV11027)
HITESH KHANTANA (14SOECV11028)
CHIRAG KHUNT (14SOECV11029)
RAVI KARSARIYA (14SOECV11024)

2. Abstract
 Many structures are built with foundations that are
inadequate for the soil conditions existing on the site.
 Sometimes due to the lack of suitable land, structures
are often built on marginal land that has insufficient
bearing capacity to support the substantial weight of a
structure.
 A foundation usually rests in the top-most layer of soil
and if the soil conditions change, it may no longer be
able to support the full weight of the foundation.
 Identification of foundation failures and providing
needful treatment is very important since, the failure
modes of foundations under different loadings are
asymmetry and complex.

3. Abstract
 The paper reviews different failure modes
of foundations such as
 Load transfer failures
 Design & Construction errors
 Lateral movements
 Vibrating effects
 Floating & water level changes

4. Introduction
 Foundations of engineering constructions
are systems that act like interface
elements to transmit the loads from
superstructure to, and into, the underlying
soil or rock over a wider area at reduced
pressure.
 Broadly foundations are classified as
shallow foundation and deep foundation.

5. Load transfer failures
 The objective of foundation is to transfer the load on
superstructure to the foundation soil on a wider area.
 It works as an interface between superstructure (over the
ground) and substructure (under the ground).
 The size of the footing is decided in such a way that it
distributes the pressure on the subsoil and it is expected that
the applied pressure never exceeds the permissible limit of
the subsoil.
 A factor of safety in geotechnical design is adopted to take
care of different sources of uncertainty involved in
geotechnical design and practice.

6. Load transfer failures

7. LATERAL LOADS
 Lateral movement in soil is possible when
there is removalof existing side support
adjacent to a building or there isexcessive
overburden on backfill or lateral thrust on the
backside of a retaining wall.
 Lateral movement is also observedduring
earthquake when structure fails due to lateral
movementof soil beneath the foundation
following liquefaction.
 Classic examples of such failures are as
follows Figure-2

8. LATERAL LOADS

9. Design & Construction errors
 There are two common sources of the construction errors,
(i) Temporary protection measures
(ii) Foundation work itself.
 This paper presents a classic case of poor construction
practice due to which foundation failure of a building in
Shanghai, China took place (Figure 3).
 An unoccupied 13-storey block of flat building, still under
construction, at Lianhuanan Road in the Minhang district of
Shanghai city toppled over and ended up lying on its side in a
muddy construction field. The cause of the building collapse
in Shanghai was due to a pressure difference on two sides of
the structure.

10. Design & Construction errors

11. Design & Construction errors
Figure 4. (a) Apartment building was constructed, (b) It was decided
for an
underground garage to be dug out. The excavated soil was piled up
on the
other side of the building (c) Final failure of building

12. CONCLUSION
 The paper reviewed and discussed the
various causes of foundation failure as
well as their possible preventive
/remedialmeasures through case studies.
 Information on available literatures is
provided to help in identifying the
potential
foundation problem in advance and taking
necessary and appropriate action for
mitigation purpose.

13. REFERENCES
 [1] Bowles, J. E. (1996). Foundation Analysis and
Design. McGraw – Hill Publications
 [2] Leonards, G. A. (1982). Investigation of
failures, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,
ASCE, 108, No. GT-2, 187-246
 [3] Phoon, K. K., & Kulhawy, F. H. (1999a).
Characterization ofgeotechnical variability.
Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 36, 612-624.
 [4] Phoon, K. K., & Kulhawy, F. H. (1999b).
Evaluation of geotechnical property variability,
Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 36, 625-639.

14. THANK YOU…