10 Page Essay

Communication Skills
making work Practice–Based
Learning
Communication
SKILLS
www.practicebasedlearning.org
A resource commissioned by the Making Practice
Based Learning Work project, an educational development project funded through FDTL Phase 4
Project Number 174/02 and produced by staff from the
University of Ulster. www.practicebasedlearning.org Tara Dixon, Project Manager, University of
Ulster
Martin O'Hara, Management Consultant
Author
Aims and Learning Objectives 2
Introduction 3
Section 1: The Communication Process 4
Section 2: Active Listening Skills 10
Section 3: Non–verbal Communication 13
Section 4: Giving Constructive Feedback 18
Section 5: Questioning Skills 23
Section 6: Presentation Skills 28
Appendix 1 33
References 38
Communication Skills...show more content...
Only then can we identify where possible problems can arise and explore skills for enhancing
communication and managing such breakdowns.
Human beings are not passive, predictable objects who always interpret meanings and react as they
are 'supposed to'.
Neither is communication a passive, predictable, one way event. Rather, communication can be
viewed as an active process, influenced by all the complexities and ambiguities of human behaviour.
It is also fraught with potential points of breakdown. As Clampitt notes,
'We actively construct meanings within a unique vortex that includes the words used, the context of
the utterances, and the people involved.'(2005, p.8)
A more accurate way of looking at the process of communication is probably as a dynamic,
circuitous process in which elements such as non–verbal behaviour and individual styles of
interpreting and ascribing meaning to events have significant influence. Strategies such as
constructing a clear, unambiguous message can encourage effective communication, but so too can
seeking to understand meanings imposed by the listener via processes such as actively listening to
feedback, as we shall see.
Many models have been developed to simplify and summarise the complex reality of the
communication process and to aid our understanding. Some of these are more helpful than others,

but all have their shortcomings. The 'Typical Communication
Model' developed by Clampitt (2005) demonstrates a number of key elements in the
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English Writing Goals
Goals to accomplish during English Composition are improving weak points as mentioned in
Journal 1: grammar, word choice, and vocabulary. Also mentioned, these components are crucial
to improving in writing and are used to become a good writer. To improve as a writer is one goal,
another is to simply do well in the class, pass, and obtain the credit. Furthermore, as a dual
enrollment student, taking this class is more a less a sneak peak of growing up and moving onto
college. Part of the college experience is the advancement from high school, with this, there is a
change of mind, change of grading, change of atmosphere, et cetera.

Minecraft Essay
Minecraft is a game where the player uses their imagination to shape the world around them using
the resources they find. In the world everything is shaped like a block or a cube, this includes the
trees, the dirt, the water, the clouds, even the sun, everything. This simple game hasn't even been
released yet but has already sold over one million copies. Minecraft was created by one man,
Markus "Notch" Persson, and this is his story. What makes the story of Minecraft so unique is that
it was created by Notch and only Notch. Notch had a job before Minecraft, working on games for a
company. He started to work on Minecraft in his free time but after a giant popularity spike he
realized that it could be a hit, so he quit his job and began...show more content...
The game sells around 10,000 copies per day. It has become a cultural phenomenon and on
January 12, 2011 sales passed the one million mark, but they continued to rise. With popularity
increasing, big name comics like "Penny Arcade" and "Hejibits" discovered the game too and
published comic strips about minecraft, leading to even further sales. Minecraft makes $250,000
a day and continues to do so. On June 13, 2011, Minecraft passed 2.5 million sales. Today Mojang
has 10 employees. Markus Persson, Jens Bergensten, Daniel Kaplan, Junkboy, Jakob Porser, Carl
Manneh, Tobias Mollstam, Aron Neiminen, Daniel Frisk, and Daniel Rosenfeld. These few
people make up the team that continues to work towards Minecraft's future. But with so few
employees things take time. Even though the game has not been officially released, people who
buy the game get a copy of what it is right now as the updates are being pushed out. With such
success Mojang is the target of some heavy criticism from blogs, critics, and even their own fans.
One speculation from fans is that Minecraft will be the company's 1 hit wonder. What happens if it
truly is a one hit wonder? Will the company go down under? Will it be the end of Mojang? Will
they join a publisher in order to stay afloat and lose their title of "indie?" Another speculation
concerns Mojang's next game that has absolutely nothing to do with Minecraft, not even in the same
genre. What if nobody likes the game? What

Security in the Cloud Essay
Problem Statement Discussion and Justification Cloud users face security threats both from outside
and inside the cloud. Many of the security issues involved in protecting clouds from outside threats
are similar to those already facing large data centers. In the cloud, however, this responsibility is
divided among potentially many parties, including the cloud user, the cloud vendor, and any
third–party vendors that users rely on for security–sensitive software or configurations. The cloud
user is responsible for application–level security. The cloud provider is responsible for physical
security, and likely for enforcing external firewall policies. Security for intermediate layers of the
software stack is shared between the user and the...show more content...
The one important exception is the risk of inadvertent data loss. It's difficult to imagine someone
spying on the contents of virtual machine memory; it's easy to imagine a hard disk being disposed
of without being wiped, or a permissions bug making data visible improperly.
Traditional attacks on software They are related to the vulnerability of network protocols, operating
systems, modular components, and others. These are traditional threats, and to protect from them it
will be sufficient to install an anti–virus, firewall, IPS, and other components discussed. It is
important that these remedies should be adapted to a cloud infrastructure, and work effectively in
virtualization (Winkler, 2011).
Functional attacks on elements of the cloud
This type of attacks is associated with multi–layer nature of clouds, the general principle of security
that the general protection of the system is equal to the protection of the weakest link. Thus, a
successful DoS–attack on the reverse proxy placed in front of the cloud will block the access to the
entire cloud, despite the fact that all the connections inside the cloud will operate without
interference (Winkler, 2011). Similarly, SQL–injection coming through an application server will
provide access to system data regardless of the access rules in data storage layer. To protect against
functional attacks each layer of the cloud should use a specific means of

Virtual Reality ( Vr ) Essay
In a business world technology been driven by powerful digital forces, disruption and growth in
innovation in every company (Deloitte Consulting, 2016). Technology confined in every operation
and execution of a business. In the present situation technologies are driving forces behind product
design, create business models and makes competitive among organisation. At the same time
technology offer great advantage for authentic environment for an organisation and people. Dealing
with today's situation application of Virtual Reality (VR) seems to given excellent promise in
providing an alternative "real life" environment in situation where it is impossible for people to
experience. Traditional architectural environments are no longer able to effectively accommodate
clients' expectations and demand. Thus, this study attempts to incorporate VR technology in order to
create authentic and real life viewing environment for people who wants to see their future homes
and buildings. As well as to get to know how VR eliminates the traditional separation between
operator and machine, providing more of direction and spontaneous interaction with information. In
this report there will be three parts that illustrate such as basic information and definition of VR,
history, advantage and disadvantages of VR. Second would be personal perspective on research
findings and finally discussion about potential opportunities for firms to invest in the future on VR
technology.
2.0 Definition

Essay On Counselling
Counselling is a talking therapy that involves an interactive relationship of client and counsellor
(Geldard & Geldard, 2009a). Counselling offers opportunities for clients to talk to the counsellor
about their problems and feelings in a confidential environment. A counsellor generally helps the
clients to see things from a different perspective and find their own solutions based on their own
beliefs. The primary purpose of counselling is to enable the clients to develop a better
understanding of self and be able to make changes to cope with difficulties in their lives, by
reaching their own decisions and act upon them accordingly to develop a satisfying life (Geldard
& Geldard, 2009a). The self is a summation of a complex, dynamic and organized system of learned
beliefs that a person holds to be true about his own existence and this make human beings unique
(Purkey & Stanley, 2001). Therefore, client–counsellor relationship is unique for each person. To
ensure the effectiveness of counselling, Carl Rogers identified 3 desirable conditions of the
client–counsellor relationship that can be applied throughout the counselling session (Geldard &
Geldard, 2009b)....show more content...
Rogers regard empathy as the basis for anything that occurs during a counselling. A counsellor should
be empathic with the client as trusting relationship can be formed when the client feels cared for and
secure. This relationship can be developed by understanding of the thoughts and feelings that the
client experienced. In other words, a counsellor should 'walk into the client's shoes' to get a better
understanding of the client. With this trust, the clients might expose their innermost thoughts and
feelings to the

Essay on Spiders
Spiders
My essay is on spiders. I have chosen a few spiders to report about. I also have some basic info about
spiders in general. Spiders comprise a large, widespread group of carnivorous arthropods. They
have eight legs, can produce silk, and usually have poison glands associated with fangs. More than
30,000 species of spiders are found on every continent except Antarctica in almost every kind of
terrestrial habitat and a few aquatic ones as well. Spiders range in body size from about 0.5 mm
(0.02 in) to 9 cm (3.5 in). The term spider is derived from the Old English spinnan ( "to
spin" ) referring to the group's use of silk. Spiders make up the order Araneae in the class
Arachnida, which takes its name from the mythological...show more content...
The Black Widow
The black widow, Latrodectus mactans, is a poisonous spider of the family Theridiidae, order
Araneida. The female, about 1.3 cm (0.5 in) long, is glossy black, densely clothed with microscopic
hairs, and has a red hourglass mark on the underside of the abdomen.
The male, which is rarely seen, is smaller than the female and has four pairs of red marks along the
sides of the abdomen. The black widow is found worldwide in the warmer regions in every state in
the United States except
Alaska and Hawaii; it lives in a variety of natural and domestic habitats.
Generally, the females are not aggressive unless agitated, although they are prone to bite when
guarding an egg sac. The venomous bite of the black widow spider, Latrodectus mactans, causes
muscle spasms and breathing difficulty in humans and may be fatal. The female is distinguished by
a red hourglass marking on its underside. The black widow eats a diet of insects, spiders and
centipedes captured in its web. After mating, the female may ensnare and feed upon her
mate––hence the name black widow. It's venomous bite causes muscle spasms and difficulty in
breathing.
Tarantulas
In common American usage, tarantulas are the large, hairy long–lived spiders that make up the
family Theraphosidae. Related forms such as funnel–web spiders and trap door spiders are also often
called

The Importance of Sleep Essay
Sleep is a vital part of life. The many different functions of the body depend on sleep to reenergize
and grow. Various types of sleep disorders and parasomnias can interfere with sleep, leaving one
feeling sluggish and slow. Many people live with sleep disorders that are untreated or not
diagnosed, while others suffer with these disorders, and are unable to get a good night's sleep.
Sleep disorders affect many people and they can be easily treated. Other types of sleep disorders
can be grown out of, or lived with without effecting one's life. However, it is important to treat
severe disorders to prevent oneself from getting a lack of sleep. The brain and body functions in a
different manner during sleep then during the waking hours....show more content...
(Brynie, 23) Nightmares and night terrors develop during these ages as well as sleepwalking and
"bedtime resistance." (Brynie, 23) In teens, time spent in slow wave sleep decreases and they
wake more at night which then leaves them feeling sleepier during the day due to shifting
hormones and social demands. Illnesses require more sleep because while fighting the infection,
the brain triggers sleep centers, and the pituitary gland sends signals to step up the production of
white blood cells that fight the viruses and other microorganisms. (Brynie, 20) Sleep is not only
needed to reenergize the body, but it is also needed to help fight off sicknesses, and boost a child's
growth and development. There are many stages of sleep in the sleep cycle. These stages begin
at one and goes to five, five being REM sleep, or Rapid Eye Movement sleep. In stage one, the
body experiences sudden muscle contractions, causing the sensation of falling and jumping awake.
The big muscles relax and the eyes will continue to move, but the slightest disturbance can awake
the sleeper. Stage two includes sleep spindles, which are occasional bursts of activity in the brain.
However, the brain may block out anything that might arouse the sleeper. Stage three is when deep
sleep begins and the sleeper becomes difficult to wake. Stage four is the deepest of all sleeps.
During stage four bed wetting, sleepwalking and sleep talking occur the most. (Brynie, 12–13) Stage
five is REM

Malcolm X Essay examples
Throughout history there have been many people who have stood out and made an impact in the
way we think and comprehend things. During the late 1950's and early 1960's, Malcolm X was no
exception. His militant views that Western nations were inherently racist and that black people must
join together to build their own society and value system had an important influence on black
nationalist and black separatist movements of the 1950s and 1960s. At the beginning of the movie,
Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little. He was a young child trying to adapt to society's changes. He
was looking so hard that he fell into the wrong crowd.
Malcolm bumped into a man named Archie who was a big time thief. Archie ran a numbers system
in the streets and he...show more content...
Malcolm didn't want to listen to him at first, but Baines's cool style helped Malcolm realize that
Islam is for him and that the white man is the devil. While in prison, Malcolm read widely and
developed an interest in the Nation of Islam, a Black Nationalist religious movement whose
members were known as Black Muslims.
Malcolm studied the teachings of the leader of the Black Muslims, Elijah Muhammad, who
advocated an independent black state. The Nation of Islam was based on a theology adapted from
several models: traditional Islamic teachings principles of Black Nationalism, and economic
self–help programs that addressed the needs of African Americans living in urban ghettoes. Unlike
traditional Islam, which rejects all forms of racism, the Nation of Islam declared that whites were
the "devil by nature," and that God was black. However, the Black Muslims predicted
that in the near future a Great War would take place in which whites would be destroyed andblack
people would rule the world through the benevolence of Allah, their creator. To prepare for this new
order, the Nation of Islam stressed personal self–restraint, opposed the use of drugs and alcohol, and
organized economic self–help enterprises that eventually included farms, food stores, restaurants,
and small businesses.
The Black Muslims recruited heavily among the poorest of urban blacks and in prisons, where
Malcolm Little was converted to the faith. Instead

Essay On The Colosseum
History:
The colosseum was built in 72 C.E. The massive stadium was commissioned by the emperor
Vespasian as a gift for the people. The emperor Nero had built a huge lake all for himself. When
Nero committed suicide and Vespasian became emperor, he drained the lake and and started building
the colosseum over it. This was built over something that was made for one selfish person and built
something for the people to share. It took 8 years to build. Sadly Vespasiandied before he could see
the grand opening of the colosseum leaving it to his son Titus to finish his work. Amphitheater means
double theater.
Architecture:
The colosseum was huge as it could comfortably seat 70,000 people. It covers about 6 acres of
land and is 620 feet long, 512 feet wide, and 158 feet tall. It was the tallest and largest building of
its time. It was built from limestone, concrete and volcanic stone. The colosseum has many
arches on the outside and every arch has a statue under it. The statues were of gods and heroes,
all made of bronze. Above all the arches were shields, which were also made of bronze. On top of
the roof platform hundreds of sailors would control a huge awning which protected the spectators
from rain and created shade on hot days. The awning was retractable and masts extended from
supports built into the Colosseum's top. Seating in the Coliseum was determined by group. The best
seats were reserved for the emperor as it had the best view. Behind that was the seating for high

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