1. Petroleum and its occurrences in Rajasthan
Kunwar Shruten Chauhan
Department of Geology
University of Rajasthan
2. Chemical Composition
A very small amount of metal is occasionally detected in liquid
hydrocarbon
Natural gas Liquid
Hydrocarbon
Solid
Hydrocarbon
Carbon 6.5-8.0 82.2-89.1 8.0-8.5
Hydrogen 1-2.5 11.7-14.7 8.5-11
Sulphur Trace-0.1 0.1 2-8
Nitrogen 1-15 1.1-5.5 0-2
Petroleum- A liquid mixture of hydrocarbons
6. Origin of Petroleum
Inorganic Theory Organic Theory
Deep-seated Extra Terrestrial
The origin of hydrocarbon involves 3 stages
Catagenesis MetagenesisDiagenesis
7. Inorganic theory
a) Deep-seated hypothesis
By Berthelot (1860) & Mendele'ev (1902)
Statement-
The metallic carbide with in the Earth react with
water at high temp to form hydrocarbons.
Drawback-
There was no evidence of metallic carbide in the
mantle of the Earth.
8. b) Extra Terrestrial Hypothesis
By Sokoloff (1890)
Statement-
Hydrocarbon precipitate as rain from nebular matter
from which the solar system was formed and then ejected
onto the surface.
Drawback-
This theory can’t explain why hydrocarbon occurs
only in sedimentary rock, why not occur in all rocks.
11. Three stage of hydrocarbon origin
Oil window
Gas window
( Image source: Oil and Gas Geology )
12. Kerogen
• It is a complex
waxy mixture of
hydrocarbon
compounds which
formed by solid
organic matter
( Image source: http://www.kgs.ku.edu/Publications/Bulletins/LA/10_mudstones.html )
13. Petroleum System
Source rock - Migration - Reservoir rock -Trap - Seal
( Image source: http://www.geologyin.com/2014/08/petroleum-system.html )
15. Hydrocarbon deposits in Rajasthan
Jaisalmer basin
• Area = 45,000 sq. km
• Age = Mesozoic & Cenozoic
• Basin type= Pericratonic Basin
Barmer-sanchor
• Area = 11,000 sq. Km
• Age = Tertiary basin
• Basin type=Intracratonic Basin
Bikaner-Nagaur
• Area =70,000 sq. km
• Age =Paleozoic basin
• Basin type=Intracratonic
Basin
(Image source: Directorate General Of Hydrocarbon ,Rajasthan Basin)
16. • Rajasthan basin is discovered in 1967
• The commercial production of oil and gas was started in
2009 from Barmer-Sachore Basin
• In Rajasthan, total 990 wells were drilled till May 2018
• Out of which 783 wells in District Barmer & Jalore
• 207 wells in Districts Jaisalmer, Ganganagar & Bikaner
• 38 Oil & Gas fields discovered in Barmer-Sanchore Basin
Hydrocarbon deposits in Rajasthan
17. Mangla Oil field
• Mangla Oil discovery is the one of the biggest on-
land discovery of the country in last two decades.
• At present oil produced mainly from Mangala,
Bhagyam, Aishwariya, Raageshwari and Saraswati
fields.
• 16 separate oil and gas fields of which the majority of
the reserves are located in the three fields of
Mangala, Bhagyam and Aishwariya.
18. Most Recent discoveries
• Oil and gas discoveries in Madhya Pradesh and West Bengal
• Gas deposits in Vindhyan basin in Madhya Pradesh
• In Ashok Nagar of 24 Parganas district in West Bengal
• Kutch offshore
19. Reference
• Bjørlykke K. (2015) Petroleum Geoscience: From Sedimentary
Environments to Rock Physics, 2nd edition, Heidelberg New York
Dordrecht London, Springer.
• Leverson A.L. (1956) Geology of Petroleum, W. H. Freeman & Co.
• e pathshala website:https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/
• Directorate of Petroleum website:
http://petroleum.rajasthan.gov.in/landmark-development.htm
• Directorate General of Hydrocarbons (DGH) website:
• http://www.infraline.com/ong/Upstream/NELP-
VII/Rajasthan_Basin_NELP_VII.pdf
• Cairn India Website: www.cairnindia.com/our-business/rajasthan