Isomerism and its types


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Chain isomerism
Position isomerism
Functional isomerism
Metamerism
Tautomerism
Ring chain isomerism

 In case of chain isomerism, two or more
compounds having same molecular formula
but differ in the parent (main) chain name.
CH3 — CH2 — CH2—CH3
CH3 — CH—CH3
CH3

–

Only differ in the
position of double bond

 In case of functional isomerism, two or more
but different functional groups.
Isomers have different functional group –
1. Alcohols and ethers
2. Ketones and aldehydes
3. Carboxylic acid and ester
4. Cyanides and isocyanides

Forexample-
Ethyl alcohol Dimethyl ether
Acetone Propionaldehyde
Propionic acid Methyl acetate

 In case of Tautomerism, two or more
but there is only difference in the position of
protons.
 Tautomers involves the rapid inter-conversion
of two isomers that can not be isolated ,which
means they are in dynamic equilibrium.
 Tautomerism is intra-molecular phenomena.

Tautomerism
Two types

 In keto – enol tautomerism, a keto group with
a hydrogen convert into enolic form in
presence of acid or base.
For example –
CH3 — C — H
║
O
CH2 ═ C ─ H
│
OH

Non – keto enol Tautomerism
 In non- keto enol tautomerism, transfer of
proton from one form to another in presence
of acid or base.
H+
H+
H+

 In ring chain isomerism, two or more
but they shows different open chain and
cyclic structures.
C4H8
CH3—CH ═ CH— CH3
CH3

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