The document discusses different types of isomers. Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas or bonding patterns. The main types of isomers discussed are structural isomers, which include chain isomers, position isomers, and functional isomers. Stereoisomers are also mentioned, as are the specific examples of cis-trans isomers and tautomers. Structural isomerism results from differences in atomic structure, while stereoisomerism results from differences in spatial orientation of atoms.

1. ISOMERS
Name:- Divyam kumar singh
Hall tkt no:-19T21R0009

3. ISOMERS
Such organic copounds which have same molecular formula but differ in their
Properties are called isomers.
ISOMERS
STRUCTURAL
ISOMERISM
STEREOISOMERISM

4. EXAMPLE -1
1 - c h l o r o p r o p a n e & 2 - c h l o r o p r o p a n e
CCC
1 3
H
H
H H
HH H
CL
123
H
CL

5. EXAMPLE -2
CIS 2 BUTENE & TRANS 2 BUTENE
CH3
H
CH3
H
C1 C2
**Position remains same but orientation around the “C” atom changes
C1 C2
CH3
CH3H
H
CH3
H

6. STRUCTURAL ISOMERISM
Compounds having same molecular formula but differ in their structure are
Called structural isomers and the phenomenon is called structural isomerism
A structural isomer, or constitutional isomer (per IUPAC), is a type of isomer in which
molecules with the same molecular formula have different bonding patterns and atomic
organization, as opposed to stereoisomers, in which molecular bonds are always in the same
order and only spatial arrangement differs

7. STRUCTURAL
ISOMERS
CHAIN
ISOMERS
POSITION
ISOMERS
FUNCTIONAL
ISOMERS
METAMERISMTAUTAMERIS
M

8. CHAIN ISOMERS :-
Compounds having same molecular formula but different chain of carbon atom
C4H8
N-Butane
Isobutane
Isobutane
Eg :-
C5H12
N-pentaneisopentane
neopentane

9. Position isomerism
Compounds having same molecular formula but differ in position of substituent are called
Position isomers and phenomenon is called Positional isomerism.
Eg :- C4H8
But-1-eneBut-2-ene
C3H8O
OH
OH
Propan-2-ol

10. FUNCTIONAL ISOMERISM
Compounds having same molecular formula but different functional group are
Called And the property is called as functional isomerism.
Eg:-
Alchols & ethers (C2H6O)
CH3 CH2 OH
Ethanol
CH3O
Methoxy methane
Aldehydes & ketones(C3H6O)
CH3CHOCH2CH3 C
O
Propanone(Keto)

11. METAMERISM
Compound having same molecular formula but differ in the alkyl group present
On either side
Eg:-
C4H10O
CH3
CH2
CH3CH2 CH2CH2
CH3 CH3
OO
Ethoxy ethane
CH2 O

12. Tautamerism :-
Tautomers are isomers of a compound which differ only in the position of the protons and
electrons. The carbon skeleton of the compound is unchanged. A reaction which involves simple
proton transfer in an intramolecular fashion is called a tautomerism

13. ….TO BE CONTINUED

14. 1. How many chain isomers are possible with formula C5H12
a.1
b.2
c.3
d.4
2. Ethoxy ethane & methoxy methane are which type of isomers ??
a.Tautamers
b.Metamers
c.Chain isomers
d.Functional isomers
e.Position isomers
TEST TIME