5. Steps in Preparing Content
Analyzing
Your Audience
Gathering
Relevant Data
& Information
Converting
Your Data into
an Outline
6. Analyzing Your Audience
Needs
Knowledge level
Attitude – how do they feel about the
topic?
Demographic Information – this may
include the age, gender, culture, and
language of the audience members
7. Gathering Relevant Data &
Information
Before you start your research to gather
relevant information, there are three
questions should be considered :
What do I want my audience to gain?
What might they already know about my topic?
What is the objective of the presentation?
8. Converting Your Information into an
Outline
There are three steps to creating an
outline :
Determine the outline style
Group your raw data
Arrange into outline format
9. Outline Style
Shows events in order as they occurred
Takes the audience on a journey through
a flowing presentation
States the problem, the why’s, your solution,
and a summary
States the cause and explains the effects
Chronological
Narrative
Problem/ Solution
Cause/ Effect
10. Outline Style
Divides the general topic into
several subtopics
Uses some or all of the what,
who, where, when, why, and
how questions
Topical
Journalistic
Questions
12. Outline Format
Introductions
Should include an agenda and clarify the goals
and objectives of your presentation.
Can include an overview of a situation, a
statement of the current situation of the
organization, or a recap of history.
Can use the strategies that help an
introduction get attention: a quote, a question,
humor, a creative image, an anecdote, or a
sharing of emotions.
13. Outline Format
Body
Chronological
Narrative
Problem/Solution
Cause/Effect
Topical
Journalistic Question
14. Outline Format
Conclusion
Summarize the main points of your
presentation
Provide closure, and leave an impression
Can consist of recommendations, future
directions, next steps to take, and so forth
16. Presentation Design
Key Rules when Creating Bulleted
Text:
Use one concept per slide
Use key words and phrases
Make your bullet points consistent in structure
Capitalize properly – capitalize the first letter
of the first word only
17. Three Keys of Great Design
Layout
Consistency
Color
Great Slide
Presentation
Design
18. Layout
Layout
Consider your layout to be like the skeleton of
your presentation….
Just as our skeleton support our bodies,
Your layout should support your message and
provide structure.
19. Consistency
Consistency
You must be consistent in the following design
elements:
Your placement of text and images
Your fonts style and sizes
Your background
The style and treatment of your imagery
Your charts
20. Color
Color
Use high contrast to increase legibility (e.g.,
black text on clear and yellow on dark blue)
Colors should not clash – they should have a
high degree of harmony.
Avoid clutter by using no more than four
colors.
21. Consistent Fonts
The two main classifications of fonts are serif and
sans serif fonts.
Serif fonts have small flourishes extending from
the main strokes of each letter.
(examples: Times New Roman, Book Antiqua ,
Bookman Olds Style, Garamond).
Sans serif don’t; they are straight and clean
(examples: Arial, Verdana, Helvetica).
Sans serif fonts are best suited for electronic
presentations.
Avoid use these fonts:
Các font ch́́láth́́́ng khónhấn ra
22. Tips for Planning Great Slides
Use slides sparingly. Avoid the overuse of
slides or unnecessary slides.
Make slide pictorial. Graphs, flowcharts, etc.,
all give the viewer an insight that would
otherwise require many words.
Make text and numbers legible. Minimum
font size for most room set-ups is 20 pt.
Make pictures and diagrams easy to see.
28. Managing your voice
Try to sound natural, so your rhythm
and tone is appropriate to the message
you are delivering
Develop three important qualities
Volume
Intonation
Pacing
29. Managing your voice
Volume
Intonation
Pacing
Speak loudly enough to reach all the
members audience without overpowering
those closest to you.
Avoid to speak in monotone. Put more
feeling into your voice and make it livelier by
changes in your intonation. Speak loudly
enough to reach all the members audience
without overpowering those closest to you.
For most of us, this is natural – except
when we are nervous or excited. Practice,
and you can figure out what sounds natural
and appropriate for the points you are
making
30. Language Usage
When you speak, convey confidence and
show interest in what you’re presenting.
Speak with feeling .
Use short sentences and short, simple
words .
Speak slowly and clearly enough that
everyone in your audience can
understand every word.
31. Movement
If possible, “work the room and work
the audience ” .
Move appropriately and with purpose
– don’t move simply because you’re
nervous
Your movements should be natural and
support your words and the rest of your
presentation
Don’t move constantly. Pause for effect.
Stand still to make an important point
32. Body Language
Stand straight, but not stiff. You should
radiate energy.
Be relaxed, be casual, but don’t be lazy.
Use your hands, arms and gestures. Just
let your body react to how you feel.
Make good eye contact – the rule of
thumb for eye contact is three to five
seconds per person.
33. Body Language
Do not keep hands in your pockets
Do not keep hands “handcuffed” behind
your back
Do not keep your arms crossed
Do not put hands in “fig leaf” position
Do not wring your hands nervously
34. In advance of your presentation
Practice – a lot .
Memorize the first two minutes of your
presentation.
35. In the hours before presentation
Think positive thought: visualize yourself
feeling at ease with the audience
Use affirmation (e.g., “I can do this. I am
prepared. It will go well”)
Make sure all the equipment is working
properly.
36. When you enter the room
Focus on making your movements
fluid and confident, neither too slow nor
too fast
Find a few friendly faces in the audience,
for reassurance
Smile. Show that you want to be there
Be yourself
37. Principle to make a good slide
K.I.S.S = Keep it short and simple.
K.I.L.L = Keep it large and legible.
38. How to handle tough situations
Problem:
Know-it-all – A participant who feels like more of
an expert than you.
Solution:
Don’t fight it. Involve know-it-alls in your
presentation.
They may have some great information to
contribute. Allowing them to participate and
share their thoughts will not only show how
confident you are, but also help them get more
out of your presentation.
39. How to handle tough situations
Problem:
Unprepared participants – Those who haven’t
prepared for the presentation as you requested.
Solution :
Be flexible. Take something out of your agenda to
allow the group time to get up to speed.
Keep in mind your overall objective of the
presentations.
Don’t force your agenda; modify it to meet your
objective.
40. How to handle tough situations
Problem:
After-lunch nap time – One of the
toughest times to keep people engaged.
Solution:
Take a few moments to share what you
talked about. This usually makes the
talker feel more involved and want to stay
engaged and participate with you instead
of others.
41. Planning for the questions
Anticipate the questions that might come
up
Listen carefully to the questioner
Repeat or rephrase the question
Answer clearly and concisely
Go to the next question
42. Dealing with Disasters
You find out that the time allotted has been
reduced.
At the very worse, you can make your points,
support the with the essentials, ask and answer
the most likely questions on your list.
The slide equipment fails.
You know then saying, “The show must go on”.
Apologize to the audience and then add
something like “Now return with me to a distant
past, before PowerPoint, when all we had for
presentations was our notes and perhaps a
blackboard or flipcharts.” Then, make the most of
your primitive tools.
43. Dealing with Disasters
You tell a joke that falls flat.
Ouch! Just shrug your shoulders and apologize: “I
am sorry. I got that joke at a Henry Youngman
clearance sale.” (You can choose your own
comedian).
You get nervous and flustered and
lose track of where you are.
Figure out where you are from your slides and
notes. If you can’t, just be honest : “My brain has
derailed. Who can back me up so I can the on the
track again?”
