The document discusses Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory of motivation. It states that according to Maslow, people are motivated to fulfill basic needs like physiological needs and safety needs before pursuing higher level growth needs. Physiological needs include things like food, water, air, shelter, and sleep, while safety needs include security, employment, and health. Once lower level needs are met, people can pursue social needs like friendship and love, and esteem needs like confidence and respect. Self-actualization is achieving one's full potential and is at the top of the hierarchy.

2.  Professor of psychology
 Columbia university
 Original thinker
 Maslow focus on positives quality of human

3. Maslows introduced the concept of hierarchy of
Needs. His hierareachy proposes that People are
motivated to fulfill basic Needs to higher level
growth needs.

5. Safety and security needs are about keeping us
safe from harm.That needs includes shelter,
job, Health & safe environment. If a person
doesnot feel safe in an environment they will
seek to find safety before they attempt to
meet any higher level needs.These security
needs are important for survival but they are
not as important as the basic physiological
needs.

6. Safety,shelter,security & order, employment,
health, Stability etc

7.  Physiological needs deal with the
maintainance of the human body.This lowest
category includes the most basic needs that
are vital to survival such as the need for
water,air,food & sleep.
 Maslow believed that these needs are the
most instinctive needs because all needs
become secondary until these needs are inet.
If we need water , then little else matter until
we have something to drink.

8.  ONCE the person has met the physiological
and safety needs the next level level.the first
level ogf higher level is social needs social
needs include interaction with others may
include
 Friendship
 Belonging to other
 Giving and receving love

9. Air , food , water , Shelter , Sleep etc

11. Need is a state of awareness of deficiency
of or excess of anything.
Drive is a state psychological tension felt
in the excess or deficiency of anything
organism.


12. EXAMPLE: a suqurriel,mice and birds
who go hoarding food and straw for their
future even their stomach is fill

14.  As human are the social animal they cannot
live alone
 They need the company of their fellow men at
every step of life
 Love and affection is the most important factor
for social bond
(marriage,friendship,partnership,social,political
,educational etc )

15.  If a person is not be loved and belongingness
unfulfilled he become victim of
emotional
loneliness
Mental disorder

17.  Every person want to recognized by others as a
respectful person.
 Self assertive motive works with the self esteem
need for getting knowledge about his capabilities
potential and abilities to utilize in practicle life.
 Self-esteem satisfied, bestow him with self-
confident, self –efficiency,strong nerve apporiate
feeling and positive attitude towards others in life
as the people admire his good fame

18.  A person being discourged by his fellow has
his self esteem need
 Unfulfilled
 Unvalued
 disappointment

20.  This needs motivates a erson to utilize his
latent creative abilities to achieve his desire
of self actualization
 It is the final goal what an individual wants to
become
 It includes growth, educational, utilization of
ones potential and accomplishment of self
fulfillment which integrates an individual sel
image with the real life
 Maslow said two types of groups
 Deficiency group ( needs physiological)
 Growth group (development process)

21.  It is not universally fixed
 This theory explains the complexity of human
needs
 This theory emphasizes that the higher needs
are not felt until the lower needs are satisfied
A hungry man strives for attaining food and
does not struggle for self esteem. They remain
hungry and prefer death rather to beg for food

22. Example
A hungry man strives for attaining food
and does not struggle for self esteem. They
remain hungry and prefer death rather to
beg for food.

23. • Arousal approaches seek to explain
behavouir in which the goal is to
maintain or increase excitement.
• According to arousal approaches to
motivation each person tries to
maintain a certain level of stimlation
and activity. As with the drive
reduction model this approach
suggests that if our stimulation and
activity levels become to high we try
to reduce them.

24. • In contrast to the drive reduction
perspective, the arousal approach also
suggest that of levels of stimulation
and activity are too low we will try to
increase them.
•People vary widely in the optimal
level of arousal they seek out, with
some people looking at high level of
arousal.

25. People who participate in daradevil
sports, high stakes gambler,s and
criminals who pull of high risk robbies
may be axhibiting a high need for
arousal.

26. • The arousal theory of motivation
suggest that each individual has
different arousal level that is perfect for
them.
• The theory also suggests that we need
to seek for our own stimulation in order
to maintain our optimum level of
arousal.

27. The RAS and your arousal level are
influenced by number of different
things, such as your emotion, the
foods you eat and the neuro
transmitters in the brain and also
influenced by norepinephrine,
serotonin.

28. If you were hiking in the woods and started to
hear sound of an animal coming towards you,
your RAS would activate and levels of
norepinephrine would increase. As the level of
norepinephrine increase, you would become
more alert it would also make you more alert
to the sensory information in your
enviornment. You might be more sensitive to
the sounds of animal. The increased arousal
would also prepare you to respond to the
situatuion.You would be ready to run from the
animal or fight it.

29. The key assumption of the arousal theory
is that:
• Every action we perform is pursued by
our motivation to maintain an idea
balance.
• We tend to perform actions that drop our
arousal level when we feel over
stimulated and we seek out activities that
get our blood pumping when our arousal
level is below the optimal level.

30. • When we are bored, we might engage
in invigorating activities like motorcycle
racing or jumping in order to reach that
level of arousal balance. But its not to
say that every individual requires the
same sort of activities. They might get
their energy pumped up by dancing or
exercising.

32.  Sometimes we are motivated to act because
of internal desires and wishes, but at other
times, our behaviors are driven by a desire
for external rewards. The incentive theory is
one of the major theories of motivation and
suggests that behavior is motivated by a
desire for reinforcement or incentives.

33.  Incentive theory began to emerge during the 1940s
and 1950s, building on the earlier drive theories
established by psychologists such as Clark Hull.
 How exactly does this theory account for human
behaviors? Rather than focus on more intrinsic forces
behind motivation, the incentive theory proposes that
people are pulled toward behaviors that lead to
rewards and pushed away from actions that might
lead to negative consequences.
 Two people may act in different ways in the same
situation based entirely on the types of incentives
that are available to them at that time.

34.  What forces are behind our actions? Do you
get up and head to the gym each day because
you know its good for you, or is it because of
some type of external reward? There
are many different reasons why we do things.
Sometimes we are motivated to act because
of internal desires and wishes, but at other
times, our behaviors are driven by a desire
for external rewards.

35.  According to one theory of human
motivation, our actions are often inspired by
a desire to gain outside reinforcement. The
incentive theory is one of the major theories
of motivation and suggests that behavior
is motivated by a desire for reinforcement or
incentives.

38.  This theory suggest that motivation is a result
of people thoughts ,beliefs , expectations and
goals.
For-example:
If a person wants to get grades then it depend
upon on his struggle that he did for his studies
to achieve good grades.

39. ◦ Intrinsic Motivation
◦ Extrinsic Motivation

40.  It causes a person to participate in an activity
for an enjoyment .
For-example:
A physician work many hours because she
loves medicine intrinsic motivation is prompting
her.
Similarly if we study a lot because we love that
subject we are being guided by intrinsic
motivation.

41.  It causes a person to do something for
money , a grade or other some concrete
reward.
For-example:
when a physician work long hours because of
money then extrinsic motivation is underlies
her effort.
Similarly if we all care about a grades we get in
subject then studying is due to extrinsic
motivation.

42.  We are about to work harder and
produce a higher quality of work
when motivation for a task is intrinsic
than extrinsic .Some cases providing
rewards for desirable behavior
actually may decrease intrinsic
motivation .