Psychology presentation on Motivation and Emotion

1. KITHMANTHI DHARMAPRIYA

2. TITLE PAGE
Introduction 3-5
Emotion and its components 6
Theories of motivation 7-10
Drive-reduction theory 11
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs 12
References 14-16
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3. WHAT IS HUMAN MOTIVATION?
Human motivation is defined as the process
that initiates, guides and maintains goal-
oriented behaviors.
Motivation involves the biological, social
and cognitive forces that activate behavior;
forces that can be known as stimuli, either
external or internal.
3

4. Human emotion is defined to be a state in which a human or
animal experiences varying feelings, that result in physical
and psychological alterations that influence behavior.
There are six types of basic emotions;
• Happiness
• Sadness
• Anger
• Fear
• Disgust
• Surprise
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5. 5

6. Emotion has three basic components; behavioral response,
subjective experience and physiological response.
6
 Many
physiological
responses are
regulated by the
sympathetic
nervous system
(SNS).
 Sociocultural
norms play a
role in how
we express
and interpret
emotions.

7. THE DRIVE THEORY – according to the drive theory, people
are motivated to take certain actions in order to reduce internal
tension that is caused by unmet ends.
 INSTINCT THEORY – according to
the instinct theory, organisms are
born with innate biological
tendencies that help them survive.
This theory suggests that instinct
drives all behavior.
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8. INCENTIVE THOERY – this
theory suggests that behavior is
motivated because of the
reinforcement, and the desire for
it, and reduced or dampened by
punishment or deprivation.
AROUSAL THEORY – states that people are driven to perform
actions in order to maintain optimum level of psychological arousal.
When our arousal levels drop below the optimum level, we seek some
sort of stimulation to elevate them. 8

9. HUMANISTIC THEORY – elaborates on how every human
undergoes stages of needs in order to reach, at their peak, absolute
human potential.
COGNITIVE THEORY – has two specialized theories; the
Expectancy Theory and the Goal-Setting Theory; which explains
why and how an individual chooses one behavioral option over
others, and the importance of creating goals for motivation,
respectively.
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10. INTRINSIC
MOTIVATION is
the process of
being motivated to
carry out a task
purely for one’s
own self-
satisfaction and
enjoyment.
EXTRINSIC
MOTIVATION
is when a person
carries out a task
for a reward
given by
something or
someone outside
of one’s self.
10

11. First developed by Clark Hull in 1943, this
theory states that deviations from homeostasis
(the maintenance of the internal environment-
the human body) create physiological needs.
These result in psychological drive states that
direct behavior to meet the need and,
ultimately, bring the system back to
homeostasis.
A downside of this theory is that it fails to
explain human motives.
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12. Abraham Maslow,
considered the Father of
Humanistic Psychology,
was most famous for
proposing that human
motivation is founded on a
hierarchy of needs.
12

13.  Cherry, K. (March 2019). The Psychology of what Motivates Us. Retrieved from
https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-motivation-2795378
 Cherry, K. (April 2019). The 6 Types of Basic Emotions and Their Effect on Human Behavior. Retrieved from
https://www.verywellmind.com/an-overview-of-the-types-of-emotions-4163976
 Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience. (April 2018). Motivation and Emotion. Retrieved from
https://www.maastrichtuniversity.nl/meta/325175/motivation-and-emotion
 Cherry, K. (March 2019). How The Instinct Theory Explains Motivation. Retrieved from
https://www.verywellmind.com/instinct-theory-of-motivation-2795383
 Cherry, K. (May2019). The Incentive Theory of Motivation- Are Actions B a Desire for Rewards? Retrieved from
https://www.verywellmind.com/the-incentivie-theory-of-motivation--2795382
 Cherry, K. (May 2019). The Arousal Theory of Motivation. Retrieved from
https://www.verywellmind.com/the-arousal-theory-of-motivation-2795380
 European Medical Alliance. (June 2019). The Humanistic Approach to Motivation. Retrieved from
https://www.europeanmedical.info/-psychology-basics/the-humanistic-approach-to-motivation.html 13

14.  Sincero, S. M. (February, 2012). Cognitive Theories of Motivation. Retrieved from
https://explorable.com/cognitive-theories-of-motivation
 Psychology Notes HQ. (October 2013). Abraham Maslow’s Humanistic Psychology. Retrieved from
https://www.psychologynotes.hq.com/Abraham-maslows-humanistic-psychology/
 Horne, K. (February 2019). Maslow’s Hierarchy of Need: Why It Still Matters In 2019. Retrieved from
https://digital.com/blog/maslows-hierarchy/
 Cherry, K. (June 2019). Emotions and Types of Emotional Responses. Retrieved from
https://www.verywellmind.com/what-are-emotions-2795178
 Cherry, K. (October 2018). Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation: What’s The Difference? Retrieved from
https://www.verywellmind.com/differences-between-extrinsic-and-intrinsic-motivation-2795384
 Anonymous. (February 2013). Drive Reduction Theory. Retrieved from
https://mandeperiod1.blogpost.com
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15.  The Major Components of Motivation. Retrieved from
https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-motivation-2795378
 Types of Basic Emotions. Retrieved from
https://www.verywellmind.com/an-overview-of-the-types-of-emotions-4163976
 The Incentive Theory. Retrieved from
https://www.verywellmind.com/the-incentive-theory-of-motivation-2795382
 Andrea. (June 2015). The Psychology of Inside Out: A Beautiful Lesson in Emotional Intelligence. Retrieved
from
https://www.underthemaskonline.com/the-psychology-of-inside-out-a-beautiful-lesson-in-emotional-
intelligence/
 Cherry, K. (March 2019). How the Instinct Theory Explains Motivation. Retrieved from
https://www.verywellmind/instinct-theory-of-motivation-2795383
 Cherry, K. (April 2019). The 6 Stages of Behavior Change. Retrieved from
https://www.verywellmind.com/the-stages-of-change-2794868 15