a compiled resources mainly to facilitate learning outcomes Identify types of muscle tissues Describe types of skeletal system Identify human skeletal system Identify the component of human musculo-skeletal system Explain how muscle contracts Describe muscle and bone relationships

1. TOPIC
5:
MUSCULO-­‐SKELETAL
SYSTEM

2. Learning
outcomes
1. IdenAfy
types
of
muscle
Assues
2. Describe
types
of
skeletal
system
3. IdenAfy
human
skeletal
system
4. IdenAfy
the
component
of
human
musculo-­‐skeletal
system
5. Explain
how
muscle
contracts
6. Describe
muscle
and
bone
relaAonships

3. topic
1. Muscle
bone
partnership
2. Types
of
muscle
Assue
3. Muscle
contracAon
4. Skeletal
system
5. Musculo-­‐skeletal
system

4. THE
MUSCLE–BONE
PARTNERSHIP

5. The
muscle–bone
partnership
• Skeletal
muscles
are
bundles
of
muscle
fibers
that
interact
with
bones
and
with
one
another
• Tendons
aQach
skeletal
muscles
to
bones
AcAon
of
muscle:
Example:
Movement
of
the
forearm
at
the
elbow
joint
1. When
muscle
contract
they
shorter
2. When
muscle
relaxed,
they
longer
3. Muscle
only
pull;
they
cannot
push.
4. Both
muscle
work
in
antagonisAc
pairs

6. Synergy
Muscle
• Some cause movements by working as pairs or groups (synergy)
• Synergy muscle assist prime mover

7. Antagonist
Muscle
Others oppose or reverse the action of a partner muscle (antagonist)

9. TYPES
OF
MUSCLE
TISSUE

10. Muscle
Tissues:
Move
the
Body
•
Muscle
Assues
are
frequently
called
contracAle
Assues
because
they
contain
contracAle
protein
filaments
such
as
acAn
and
myosin.
• There
are
three
types
of
muscle
Assues.
1. Skeletal
2. Cardiac
3. Smooth

11. 1.
Skeletal
Muscle
• There
are
3
types
of
muscle
in
the
human
body,
each
with
a
different
structure.
1. Cardiac
muscle,
found
in
the
heart,
consists
of
striated,
branched
cells
forming
a
la[ce.
2.
Smooth
muscle
are
long,
spindle-­‐shaped
cells
that
are
formed
in
sheets.
3. Skeletal
muscle
cells
are
elongated
fibers
running
the
length
of
the
muscle.

12. 1.
Cardiac
muscle:
•
Cardiac
muscle
is
involuntary
muscle.
• Cardiac
muscle
is
found
in
the
walls
of
the
heart.
• Cardiac
muscle
cells
are
highly
branched,
interconnected,
and
bounded
on
each
end
by
intercalated
disks.

13. 2.
Smooth
muscle:
•
Smooth
muscle
is
involuntary
muscle
without
striaAons.
• Smooth
muscle
is
also
called
visceral
muscle
because
it
lines
the
walls
of
the
organs
and
blood
vessels.

14. • Skeletal
muscle
is
voluntary
muscle.
• Skeletal
muscle
is
aQached
to
bones
to
facilitate
movement.
• Skeletal
muscle
cells
are
called
fibers
and
are
striated
because
of
the
acAn
and
myosin
bands.
3.
Skeletal
muscle:

15. MUSCLE
CONTRACTION

16. Pathway
of
Muscle
Control

17. Skeletal
muscle:
AcAn
Filaments
• Skeletal
muscle
cells
called
fibers
&
striated
because
of
acAn
and
myosin
bands.
• AcAn
filaments
consist
of
two
chains
of
globular
acAn
monomers
intertwined
in
a
helix.
• AcAn
filaments
support
the
cell
and
any
projecAons,
such
as
microvilli.
• AcAn,
and
another
molecule
called
myosin,
are
also
involved
in
muscle
contracAon
and
cell
division.
2
chains
of
globular
acAn
monomer

19. Skeletal
Muscle
and
Physiology

22. Skeletal
Muscle
ContracAon
• In
the
presence
of
calcium,
myosin
binds
to
the
acAn
filaments.
• The
myosin
head
flexes
inward
and
backward,
causing
the
acAn
filament
to
shorten.
• In
the
presence
of
ATP,
the
myosin
head
detaches
and
then
reaQaches
at
a
new
posiAon
on
the
acAn
filament.
• This
cycle
repeats
to
conAnue
the
shortening
of
the
muscle
(contracAon).

23. Cross-­‐bridge
cycle
1. Acetylcholine
(Ach)
from
a
motor
neuron
axon
terminal
diffuse
to
the
muscle
fiber.
2. Calcium
is
transported
into
the
sarcoplasmic
reticulum
3. Presence
of
calcium
triggers
the
exposure
of
myosin
binding
sites.
4. Myosin
head
binds
to
actin
filaments

24. Cross-­‐bridge
cycle
5.
The
power
stroke
occurs
6.
ATP
binds
to
the
myosin
head
7.
ATP
is
hydrolyzed
to
ADP
+P,
leading
to
the
reenergizing
and
repositioning
of
the
head

25. SKELETAL
SYSTEM

26. Skeletal
systems
• ContracAle
force
exerted
against
some
type
of
skeleton
moves
the
animal
body
• Many
invertebrates
have
a
hydrostaAc
skeleton,
which
is
a
fluid-­‐filled
body
cavity
• Others
have
an
exoskeleton
of
hardened
structures
at
the
body
surface
• Vertebrates
have
an
endoskeleton,
an
internal
skeleton
of
carAlage,
bone,
or
both

27. 1. HydrostaAc
skeleton
– A
confined
fluid
accepts
the
force
of
muscle
contracAon
2. Exoskeleton
– Consists
of
hardened
parts
at
the
body
surface
3. Endoskeleton
– Consists
of
hardened
parts
inside
the
body

28. Human
skeletal
system

29. SKULL
cranial bones
facial bones
sternum
RIB CAGE
ribs
VERTEBRAL COLUMN
vertebrae
intervertebral disks
PECTORAL GIRDLES
AND UPPER EXTREMITIES
clavicle
scapula
humerus
radius
ulna
carpals
metacarpals
phalanges
pelvic girdle
femur
patella
tibia
fibula
tarsals
metatarsals
phalanges
PELVIC GIRDLE AND
LOWER EXTREMITIES

30. MUSCULO-­‐SKELETAL
SYSTEM
Muscle-­‐
tendon-­‐bones
ligaments

31. 1.
Muscle
o Long,
cylindrical
cells
with
mulAple
nuclei
o Form
from
groups
of
embryonic
cells
that
fuse
before
they
differenAate
and
mature
o Bundled
inside
a
dense
connecAve
Assue
sheath

33. 2.
Tendons
o Extensions
of
connecAve
Assue
sheath
o AQach
skeletal
muscles
to
bones

34. 3.
Joints
• Joints
– Regions
where
bones
meet
– Most
allow
bones
to
move
– Held
together
by
ligaments
• Types
of
joints
I. Fibrous
joint
II. CarAlaginous
joint
III. Synovial
joint

35. • Muscles
generally
work
in
antagonisAc
pairs
to
provide
movement.
• Muscles
arAculate
movement
at
joints.
1. Synovial
joints
have
a
fluid
filled
cavity
that
ease
fricAon
as
the
bones
move.
2. Hinged
joints
move
only
in
one
direcAon.
3. Ball-­‐and-­‐socket
joints
allow
for
rotaAonal
movement.

40. Types of joint

41. Types of synovial joint and location