This document is a project report on the estimation of a building submitted by a group of civil engineering students at Himalayan Institute of Engineering & Technology. It includes calculations of the volumes of concrete required for columns, beams, slabs, and footings. It also includes calculations of the quantities of brickwork and steel reinforcement required. The project was carried out under the guidance of a faculty member and aims to provide practical experience in building estimation.

1. 1
PROJECT REPORT
ON
ESTIMATION OF BUILDING
HIMALAYAN INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
(DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING)

2. 2
PROJECT REPORT
ON
ESTIMATION OF BUILDING
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the course requirement of 7th
semester for
The award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
(CIVIL ENGINEERING)
By
(GROUP B)
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
Er. AKSHAY TANDON (ASST.PROFESSOR CIVIL ENGG.DEPTT.)
HIMALAYAN INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY
(DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING)

3. 3
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report submitted to the Himalayan Institute Of Engineering &
Technology of Civil Engineering, is a record of original work done by group under the guidance
of faculty guide Er.Akshay Tandon and this project work is submitted in the partial fulfilment
of the requirements for the project work of 2019 held for 7th
semester students of Himalayan
Institute Of Engineering & Technology.The students those who are involved in this project
(Estimation Of Building).
NAME ROLL NO.
SHAHID HUSSAIN WANI 1602214066
SHAHID AMIN 1602214065
ZIA UD DIN 1602214081
ZUBAIR AIJAZ WAZA 1602214082
ZAHID KHURSHID 1602214080
PREM SINGH 17BTL090110
SUNIL KUMAR 17BTL090112
GRI RAJ 17BTL090106
ZULFKAR ALI 1602214083
SHUBAM KUMAR 1602214067
MUMTAZ HUSSAIN SHAH 1602214042
NEERU CHOUDHARY 1602214045
MOHIT KUMAR LANGAY 1602214040
SUNNY KUMAR 1602214072
The results embodied in this report have not been submitted to any other university or
institute for the reward of any type of work.

4. 4
PREFACE
Management profession in the field of civil engineering currently getting much enrolled to the
comparison of past. In construction sector the significance of effective construction
management is essential for delivering in accordance with predator mind objective in an
economical and timely manner.
Technical and scientific knowledge of building estimation, construction and its planning takes
new strides from year to year so much so that it is also impossible for the modern engineers to
maintain pace with the new development in the field.
Basically, this report is a estimation of building of our final year project. We try to bring a real
assistance in this context as to cooperate the result of realistic concept in a selective manner,
and to maintain pace with modern progress and development in order to boast the standard of
construction management field. This report enjoys wide use as a practical and references. We
hope that this report could serve in a helpful mean for the reader and our efforts will be really
awarded if the report serves the purpose its meant for.

5. 5
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We express our sincere thanks to Er. Sahil Kamotra, Head of Civil Engineering department
for his support and guidance for doing the project. We express our indebtness and gratitude to
our guide Er.Akshay Tandon, Assistant professor, Department of Civil Engineering,
Himalayan Institute Of Engineering and Technology, for his guidance and care taken by
him in helping us to complete the project work successfully. We are also thankful to his team
members for their support and guidance throughout the period of project.

6. 6
ABSTRACT
Today, most of the construction companies are using computer-aided software for cost
estimation and cost control. The cost estimation is done before the construction begins while
the cost control is performed during the construction period. The organization which controls
the cost could be different from the organization which prepares the cost estimate. Moreover,
different software’s are available for cost estimation and cost control. This may complicate the
cost control process due to inconsistencies between the cost estimation and cost control data.
The purpose of this study is to develop a system which could integrate the cost estimation and
cost control processes. Such integration enables the transfer of cost estimation data
automatically to the cost control process. Therefore, complete information regarding the cost
status of the project can be accessed at any time. Systems Analysis and Design (SAD) approach
using relational database management system is used to develop the integration model. MS
Access is used as a physical tool to implement and test the system. This paper provides a
glimpse of the requirements analysis, system development and implementation stages.

7. 7
CONTENTS
S.NO. TOPIC PAGE
NO.
01. Introduction 08
02. Need of estimation and costing 08
03. Definition of Volume and formula for calculation of
volume
08-10
04. Calculation of volume of concrete for column 11
05. Calculation of volume of concrete for beam 11-12
06. Calculation of volume of concrete for footing. 12
07. Calculation of overall concreting 12-14
08. Brickwork 15
09. Brick masonry construction procedure 16-17
10. Calculation of brickwork 18-19
11. Calculation of steel for columns and beams 20-21
12. Conclusion 25
13. Reference 26

8. 8
ESTIMATION OF A BUILDING
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION OF ESTIMATION:
Estimating is the technique of calculating or computing the various quantities and the expected
Expenditure to be incurred on a particular work or project.
In case the funds available are less than the estimated cost the work is done in part or by
reducing it or specifications are altered, the following requirement are necessary for preparing
an estimate.
a ) Drawings like plan, elevation and sections of important points.
b) Detailed specifications about workmanship & properties of materials etc.
c) Standard schedule of rates of the current year.
NEED FOR ESTIMATION AND COSTING
1. Estimate give an idea of the cost of the work and hence its feasibility can be determined i..e
whether the project could be taken up with in the funds available or not.
2. Estimate gives an idea of time required for the completion of the work.
3. Estimate is required to invite the tenders and Quotations and to arrange contract.
4. Estimate is also required to control the expenditure during the execution of work.
5. Estimate decides whether the proposed plan matches the funds available or not.

9. 9
Calculation of Volume of concrete for Slabs, Columns, and Beams
Definition of Volume:-
Volume is an amount of space that occupies. For example, take a glass and fill it with water,
the water that occupies the space in the glass is called as the volume of water in the glass. Same
for concrete, take a box of length (1m), breadth,(1m) depth(1m) and fill it with concrete. The
Volume of concrete for below box= Length x Breadth x Depth= 1m x 1m x 1m =1m3
.To fill
1m3
of box, 25KN of concrete is required. [1KN = 1000Kgs].
Density of Concrete = 25KN/m3
Volume is the calculation of 3dimensional, which means the three dimensions are multiplied.
The basic definition of the volume = multiplication of the three dimensions = L x B x D
The formula changes as per shape, but methodology remains same to calculate the volume of
any shape i.e., the three dimensions should be multiplied. Take an example of the cylinder

10. 10
which doesn’t have length and breadth. To calculate the volume of a cylinder, the area of circle
is calculated and then it is multiplied by the height of the cylinder. (refer below mentioned
circular column for cylinder example)
To avoid confusion, consider the below-mentioned formula for concrete volume calculation.
Formulae for Calculating Volume of Concrete:-
The Volume of concrete= Surface Area x Depth
Calculation of Volume of concrete for Slabs:
A slab is in the shape of a rectangle, In order to calculate the volume of concrete required for
the slab, find out the surface area of the slab and then multiply it with the depth/thickness of
slab as shown in fig.
From the above fig Length = 6m, Breadth = 5m and thickness/depth of the slab = 0.15m
Volume of Concrete = Area of rectangle x Depth
The Volume of concrete = Length x Breadth x Depth = 6x5x0.15=4.5m3
Hence, 4.5m3of concrete is required to build an above slab.

11. 11
Remember, all values should be computed in m.
Calculation of volume of concrete for the column:
The column may be in any shape, either it may be in rectangular or circular or hexagonal etc.
Volume of concrete = Surface Area x Depth
Rectangular column:
From the above fig, Length = 0.6m, Breadth=0.4m, Height of column = 3m
Calculating the top surface area and multiplying it with the depth or height of the column.
Volume of Concrete = 0.6×0.4×3= 0.72m3
Circular column:
From below fig, radius of circle = 0.25m.
Volume of concrete for circular column = Surface Area of Circle x height of column.

12. 12
Volume of Circular column = πr2
x 3 = 3.14 x 0.252
x3 = 0.58m3
Calculation of volume of concrete for beams:-
Beams are generally in rectangular shape, to calculate the volume of concrete required for
beams calculate the top or bottom surface area of beam and multiply with the depth of beams.
Volume of concrete for rectangular beam = Surface area x Depth = length x width x depth =
4×0.5×0.4=0.8m3
Calculation of volume of concrete required for footings:-
To make ease in understanding I am considering the Plain footing.For calculation purpose, I
am dividing the footing into two parts.

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Part1: It is in a rectangular shape with the following dimensions length=1.0m, breadth=0.8m
and depth=0.4.The volume of 2nd part = 1.0mx0.8×0.4 = 0.32m3
Part 2:-
Volume of concrete = 1.2x1x0.1 = 0.12m3
Total volume of concrete required for footing= 0.32+0.12=0.44m3
VOLUME OF CONCRETE:-
S.NO. ITEM OF
WORK
NO. LENGTH
(ft)
BREADTH
(ft)
HEIGHT
(ft)
QUANTITY
(cft)
01. Ground Floor
Columns
16 1’9” 1’ 8’2” 228.66
02. First Floor
Columns
16 1’9” 1’ 8’2” 228.66
03. Second floor
columns
16 1’9” 1’ 11’4” 317.33
04. Third floor
columns
16 1’9’’ 1’ 11’4” 317.33
05. Fourth floor
columns
16 1’9” 1’ 11’4” 317.33
06. Fifth floor
columns
16 1’9” 1’ 11’4” 317.33
07. Ground floor
beams
(traverse
direction)
( longitudinal
direction)
5
4
49’10”
49’10”
1’
1’
1’
1’
249.166
199.33

14. 14
08. Ist floor
beams
( traverse
direction)
( longitudinal
direction)
5
4
49’10”
49’10”
1’
1’
1’
1’
249.166
199.33
09. Second floor
beams
(traverse
direction)
( longitudinal
direction)
5
4
49’10”
49’10”
1’
1’
1’
1’
249.166
199.33
10. Third floor
beams
( traverse
direction)
( longitudinal
direction)
5
4
49’10”
49’10”
1’
1’
1’
1’
249.166
199.33
11. Fourth floor
beams
( traverse
direction)
( longitudinal
direction)
5
4
49’10”
49’10”
1’
1’
1’
1’
249.166
199.33
12. Fifth floor
beams
( traverse
direction)
( longitudinal
direction)
5
4
49’10”
49’10”
1’
1’
1’
1’
249.166
199.33
13. Slab 5 49’ 39’3” 6” 4808.125
TOTAL 9225.741

15. 15
Grand total = concreting of columns + concreting of beams + concreting of slab
= 1726.64 +2690.976+4808.125
= 9225.741 cubft.
BRICKWORK:-
Brickwork is masonry produced by a bricklayer, using bricks and mortar. Typically, rows of
bricks called courses are laid on top of one another to build up a structure such as a brick wall.
BRICK MASONRY
This type of brick masonry is construction by laying bricks in cement mortar rather than mud
which is used in brick work in mud. There are three major classes of brick work in cement
which are summarized in Table 1.
Table 1 Different classes of brick work in cement and their descriptions
Classes Descriptions
First Class
1. Cement of lime mortar is used. The surface and edges of
bricks are sharp and the thickness of mortar joints doesn’t
exceed 10mm
Second Class
1. Ground moulded bricks are used. Bricks are rough and
shape is slightly irregular. The thickness of mortar joint
is 12 mm.
Third Class Bricks are not hard rough surface with distorted shape
used for temporary structures.

16. 16
Brick Masonry Construction Procedure
1. Initially, mix the mortar with water and blend it until a smooth and plastic mortar is produced.
Fig. Mortar Preparation
2. After that, place the mortar on foundation line evenly using trowel (25mm thickness and one
brick wide is recommended for laid mortar).
3. Then, lay the first course of stretcher bricks in the mortar. Start with second brick, apply mortar
to the head joint end of each brick, after that shove the bricks into place firmly so that the
mortar is squeezed out of all side of the joints.
Fig. Laying bricks
4. Utilize a level to examine the course for correct height ensure that bricks are plumb and level.
Fig. Plumb line of brick masonry

17. 17
Fig.Checking level of brick masonry
5. Place another mortar line alongside the first course, then begin laying the second course.
6. Use the two half bricks to begin the second to ensure that the first two courses are staggered
for structural purposes.
7. To finish the second course of the lead, lay three header bricks and make sure that they are
plumb and level.
8.The third and fifth courses consists of stretchers similar to the first course. The fourth course
begins with single header, followed by stretchers. Use the level to make sure that the lead is
true on each course. Lastly, this pattern of brick laying is used till the target height is reached.

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Fig. ACC Blocks
Fig. on-site at hgpi, kala-amb

19. 19
Fig. on-site concrete mixer
CALCULATION OF BRICKWORK:-
SNO. ITEMS OF WORK QUANTITY
01. BRICKWORK
Ground Floor
First Floor
Second Floor
Third Floor
Fourth Floor
Fifth Floor
763 blocks
860 blocks
860 blocks
860 blocks
860 blocks
860 blocks

20. 20
Total 5063 blocks
Fig. Showing Column Details.

21. 21
CALCULATION OF STEEL FOR BEAMS:-
The total quantity of steel for a single beam is found to be 2.52 quintals.
CALCULATION OF STEEL FOR COLUMN:-

22. 22
The quantity of steel for a single column is found to be 1.15 quintals.

23. 23
Fig. Ground Floor Slab.
Fig. foundation layout

24. 24
Fig. Plan of Building.

25. 25
Conclusion:
Training was the great source of practical knowledge. We gone through departmental
procedures and we find it tedious to work out the theoretical knowledge into the practical field.
We got a great opportunity to directly implement the theoretical knowledge that we got in our
respective institution into the field.
We also improved our communication and technical skills and have pleasure
to work with the people having great knowledge, skills and experience.
With experience, knowledge and skills acquired during our project we will
be better prepared to face working world.

26. 26
References
1. C. Lon Enloe, Elizabeth Garnett, Jonathan Miles, Physical Science: What the
Technology Professional Needs to Know (2000), p. 47.
2. Raymond A. Kent, "Estimation", Data Construction and Data Analysis for Survey
Research (2001), p. 157.
3. James Tate, John Schoonbeck, Reviewing Mathematics (2003), page 27: "An
overestimate is an estimate you know is greater than the exact answer".
4. James Tate, John Schoonbeck, Reviewing Mathematics (2003), page 27: "An
underestimate is an estimate you know is less than the exact answer".
5. A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) Third
Edition, An American National Standard, ANSI/PMI 99-001-2004, Project
Management Institute, Inc., 2004, ISBN 1-930699-45-X.
6. GAO Cost Estimating and Assessment Guide, Best Practices for Developing and
Managing Capital Program Costs, GAO-09-3SP, United States Government
Accountabity Office, March 2009, Preface.
7. By M. Chakraborti (book on estimation and costing)