Chapter 8 Joints of the Skeletal System

2401 Anatomy and Physiology I Chapter 8 Susan Gossett [email_address] Department of Biology Paris Junior College

Hole’s Human Anatomy and Physiology Twelfth Edition Shier  Butler  Lewis Chapter 8 Joints of the Skeletal System Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

8.1: Introduction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

8.2: Classification of Joints ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Fibrous Joints ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fibula Interosseus membrane of leg Tibia Medial malleolus Anterior tibiofibular ligament (interosseus ligament) Lateral malleolus

Fibrous Joints ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Margin of suture Parietal bone Suture Sutural bones Occipital bone (a) (b) Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Courtesy of John W. Hole, Jr. Periodontal ligament Alveolar process of mandible Root of tooth Crown of tooth Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Cartilaginous Joints ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Thoracic vertebra Costal cartilage Manubrium First rib

Cartilaginous Joints ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Gelatinous core Spinous process Band of fibrocartilage Pubis Fibrocartilage disc of symphysis pubis Intervertebral discs (a) (b) Body of vertebra

8.3: General Structure of a Synovial Joint ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Spongy bone Joint cavity filled with synovial fluid Synovial membrane Articular cartilage Joint capsule

8.4: Types of Synovial Joints ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Types of Synovial Joints ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. (e) Pivot joint Dens Transverse ligament Atlas Axis (d) Hinge joint Humerus Ulna Radius

Types of Synovial Joints ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Metacarpal Phalanx (b) Condylar joint (f) Saddle joint First metacarpal Trapezium

Types of Synovial Joints ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Hip bone (a) Ball-and-socket joint Head of femur in acetabulum Femur Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. (c) Plane joint Carpals

8.5: Types of Joint Movements ,[object Object]

Types of Joint Movements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Abduction Adduction Extension Flexion Dorsiflexion Plantar flexion Extension Flexion Hyperextension © McGraw-Hill Companies / Womack Photography Ltd.

Types of Joint Movements Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. © McGraw-Hill Companies / Womack Photography Ltd. Circumduction Medial rotation Lateral rotation Supination Pronation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Types of Joint Movements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Inversion Eversion Protraction Retraction Elevation Depression © McGraw-Hill Companies / Womack Photography Ltd.

8.6: Examples of Synovial Joints ,[object Object]

Shoulder Joint ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Humerus Articular cartilage Scapula Clavicle Acromion process Subdeltoid bursa Synovial membrane Joint capsule Joint cavity (a)

Shoulder Joint Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. © Paul Reimann Head of humerus Joint cavity Joint capsule Articular cartilage Scapula Humerus (b) Coracohumeral ligament Transverse humeral ligament Tendon of biceps brachii (long head) Acromion process Clavicle Coracoid process Acromion process Subscapular bursa Joint capsule Coracoid process Clavicle Glenohumeral ligaments Glenoid cavity Triceps brachii (long head) Glenoid labrum Scapula Humerus Scapula Articular capsule (glenohumeral ligaments hidden) (a) (b) Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Elbow Joint ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Humerus Joint capsule Synovial membrane Joint cavity Articular cartilage Coronoid process Anular ligament Radius Ulna Olecranon process Trochlea (a)

Elbow Joint Radius Tendon of biceps brachii muscle Anular ligament Humerus Medial epicondyle Ulnar collateral ligament Coronoid process Ulna Humerus Lateral epicondyle Anular ligament Radius Olecranon process Radial collateral ligament Ulna (b) (a) Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Hip Joint ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Hip bone Joint cavity Articular cartilage Synovial membrane Joint capsule Ligamentum capitis Femur (a)

Hip Joint Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. (b) Joint cavity Articular cartilage Hip bone Head of femur Joint capsule Femur © Paul Reimann Ilium Iliofemoral ligament Greater trochanter Femur Lesser trochanter Pubis Pubofemoral ligament Ischium Iliofemoral ligament Ischiofemoral ligament Femur Ilium (a) (b) Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Knee Joint ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Femur Quadriceps femoris tendon (patellar tendon) Synovial membrane Suprapatellar bursa Patella Prepatellar bursa Joint cavity Articular cartilage Menisci Patellar ligament Infrapatellar bursa Joint capsule Tibia (a)

Knee Joint Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Anterior cruciate ligament Femur (b) Lateral condyle Lateral meniscus Articular cartilage Lateral condyle Head of fibula Tibia Fibula © Paul Reimann Gastroc- nemius muscle (cut) Popliteus muscle cut) Oblique popliteal ligament Arcuate popliteal ligament Fibula Tibia Femur Joint capsule Fibular collateral ligament Plantaris muscle (cut) Tibial collateral ligament Tendon of semimembranosus (cut) (a) (b) Femur Lateral condyle Lateral meniscus Lateral condyle Fibular collateral ligament Fibula Tibia Medial condyle Anterior cruciate ligament Medial meniscus Medial condyle Tibial collateral ligament Patellar ligament (cut) Posterior cruciate ligament Tendon of adductor magnus (cut) Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

8.1 Clinical Application Replacing Joints

8.2 Clinical Application Joint Disorders

8.7: Lifespan Changes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Important Points in Chapter 8: Outcomes to be Assessed ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Important Points in Chapter 8: Outcomes to be Assessed ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Quiz 8 Complete Quiz 8 now! Read Chapter 9.

Chapter 8 Joints of the Skeletal System

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