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Narcissist Personality Disorder
Narcissism is a disorder which summed up is just only caring about yourself, but i'm not able to just sum it up like that am I :) . It is a personality
disorder that leads you to be more interested into oneself then the surrounding people or anyone for that matter. This term came from the greek gods
when one god fell in love with himself through a reflection. Traits are An obvious self–focus in interpersonal exchanges, problems in sustaining
satisfying relationships, a lack of psychological awareness, and difficulty with empathy. This personality disorder is estimated to be in about 1% of the
whole population. Most people just contain narcissistic traits, but the people who really do have Narcissist personality disorder are the ones who
overlook ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The concept of excessive selfishness has been recognized throughout history. In ancient Greece the concept was understood as hubris. It is only more
recently that narcissism has been defined in psychological terms. Healthy narcissism forms a constant, realistic self–interest and mature goals and
principles and an ability to form deep relations to an something. Within psychology, there are two main branches of research into narcissism: clinical
and social psychology. These approaches differ in their view of narcissism, with the former treating it as a disorder, thus as discrete, and the latter
treating it as a personality trait, thus as a continuum. These two strands of research tend loosely to stand in a divergent relation to one another,
although they converge in places. Self–regulation in narcissists involves such things as striving to make one's self look and feel positive, special,
successful and important. It comes in both intrapsychic, such as blaming a situation rather than self for failure, and interpersonal forms, such as using a
relationship to serve one's own self. Some differences in self–regulation between narcissists and non–narcissists can be seen with Campbell, Reeder,
Sedikides] who conducted a study with two
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Personality Disorders And Eating Disorders
There are many different types of disorders. I am personally interested in personality disorders and eating disorders. Now that might sound weird, but
what I mean is I find it interesting and want to figure out how it effects people. I want to know how it effects people's daily life. Now a day's society
glorifies personality disorders such as depression and eating disorders in general. Disorders aren't something to be glorified they are something that
some people struggle with and sometimes can't live with their disorder or illness. There are many types of disorder, from bipolarity to bulimia to
schizophrenia. My family has a background of being bipolar or depressed. Some say depression isn't a mental disorder but it is a serious illness ... Show
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The official definition of a personality disorder is "a psychopathological condition or group of conditions in which an individual 's entire life pattern is
considered deviant or nonadaptive although the individual shows neither neurotic symptoms nor psychotic disorganization" according to the
Merriam–Webster dictionary. I interpret to mean that there is some pattern of conditions that makes the person seem a divergent compared to other
people of the same age group and gender. Even though people have these conditions, they show nothing that makes them seem inconsistent with brain
activity or anything like neurosis, which is a class of mental disorders that are derived from distress, but do not include hallucinations or delusions. In
the first cluster of disorders, Cluster A, there are three disorders: Paranoid personality disorder (PD), Schizoid personality disorder (PD), and
Schizotypal personality disorder (PD). These disorders are classified as odd, bizarre, or eccentric. A person with Paranoid PD has absolutely no trust in
others, they are suspicious of everyone and everything, looking for something that would confirm why they feel this distrust for everything in their lives.
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Borderline Personality Disorder Essay
According to the DSM–5, Personality Disorders are characterized by "impairments in personality functioning and the presence of pathological
personality traits". Borderline Personality Disorder is one of ten personality disorders listed in the DSM–5. The DSM–5 lists several criteria that must
be met in order for someone to be diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder. They are quoted as follows:
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) affects about 4% of the general population, and at least 20% of the clinical psychiatric population. (Kernberg
and Michels, 2009) In the clinical psychiatric population, about 75% of those with the disorder are women. BPD is also significantly heritable, with
42–68% of the variance associated ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The next morning, MMM was introduced to her inpatient Psychiatrist. MM mentioned to her Psychiatrist that she had battled symptoms of depression
throughout high school and had thoughts of harming herself, especially after a relationship would end. The ending of a relationship would be
followed by feelings of abandonment, like the feelings she had as a child when her father left. She also expressed to her Psychiatrist that she felt that
she was not loveable and that she would be alone the rest of her life. She expressed resentment towards her father for leaving, and towards her mother
for making him leave. She even expressed resentment towards her ex–boyfriend, whom the recent suicide attempt was over, but stated that she would
take him back in a heartbeat. In fact, she stated that she hated him, but couldn't live without him. The Psychiatrist listened to MMM carefully, and
diagnosed her with Borderline Personality Disorder. He recognized the common statement made by those with Borderline: "I hate you, please don't
leave me". MMM was released after 72 hours into an outpatient program where she was assigned to a group therapy circle for those suffering from
Borderline Personality Disorder. She also signed up for individual therapy with a therapist on–campus specializing in the treatment of Personality
Disorders. It is up to MMM to follow–up with her treatment plan. Because her suicide attempt occurred on campus, the Dean of Students
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Characteristics Of A Personality Disorder
Psychopathy is condition in which an individual has a wide array of negative personality traits. The trait that stands out the most is that they enjoy
the suffering of others, as well as compulsively, and very skillfully, lying to others. Also, their sense of superficial charm causes people to gravitate
toward them. Psychopaths are also known for their lack of general remorse and empathy for any wrongdoings they may commit. They are known
to deny responsibility for actions they commit, as well as maintaining a parasitic lifestyle; figuratively speaking they feed off of those around them
that can contribute to their desires. This condition, while it may seem like it is extremely rare, this is only due to the fact that these people are very
good at blending in with normal people, making it hard to judge who is truly a psychopath. "Narcissistic personality disorder differs from
psychopaths; however, there are also some similarities" (Hare). One of these similarities is the lack of empathy that they feel for negative actions they
commit. The difference is that they feel the need to be the center of attention, like they are the most important people among their family and friends.
They have negative attitudes toward those they feel are beneath them. People who suffer from narcissistic personality disorder are often referred to as
narcissists, or are known to suffer from narcissism. These people are arrogant and often times, straight up snobbish to those they see as less
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Borderline Personality Disorder And Personality Disorders
Introduction
Amad, Ramoz, Thomas, Jardri and Gorwood questioned if borderline personality disorder runs in families through genetics. Although not stated
borderline personality disorder was first diagnosed as an illness in 1980. Borderline personality disorder is a common mental disability that causes
someone to experience unstable moods and occasionally have psychotic episodes. Gene–environment interaction which is when 2 different genotypes
respond to different environmental variation in different ways. Plasticity genes which is the ability of an organism to change its phenotype in response
to changes in the environment. A phenotype is a set of observable characters of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the
environment. A genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism. Polymorphism is another term used which is the presences of genetic variation within
a population, upon which natural selection can operate. Many studies performed on this subject which were often cited and compared with Amad's et
al. study.
Method
Amad et al. used quantitative research by analyzing data to figure percentages and likely hood of borderline personality disorder running in families.
Amad et al. choose patients 18 years or older with borderline personality disorder, the diagnostics were made according to the Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual criteria. Meta–analyses, a method for combining study data from multiple studies, was performed if two or more studies
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Borderline Personality Disorder Analysis
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), according to the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
of Mental Disorders, is an axis II disorder under cluster B of the personality disorder diagnoses. Personality disorders and intellectual disabilities
considered to be long–term issues are classified under axis II. The dramatic, emotional, or erratic personality disorders are grouped under cluster B.
According to the American Psychiatric Association (2013), BPD is a pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self–image, and affects, and
marked impulsivity. In other words, when an individual's behavior, relationships, and emotions are consistently unstable, they exhibit characteristics...
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(2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM–5). American Psychiatric Pub.
Krause, E. D., Kaltman, S., Goodman, L. A., & Dutton, M. A. (2008). Avoidant coping and PTSD symptoms related to domestic violence exposure: A
longitudinal study. Journal of traumatic stress, 21(1), 83–90.
Lieb, K., Zanarini, M. C., Schmahl, C., Linehan, M. M., & Bohus, M. (2004). Borderline personality disorder. The Lancet, 364(9432), 453–461.
MacIntosh, H. B., Godbout, N., & Dubash, N. (2015). Borderline personality disorder: Disorder of trauma or personality, a review of the empirical
literature. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne, 56(2), 227.
Weiss, R. (2014, December). Complex Trauma & Intimacy Avoidance. Counselor, 34
–39.
Zlotnick, C., Johnson, D. M., Yen, S., Battle, C. L., Sanislow, C. A., Skodol, A. E., ... & Zanarini, M. C. (2003). Clinical features and impairment in
women with borderline personality disorder (BPD) with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), BPD without PTSD, and other personality disorders
with PTSD. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 191(11),
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Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD)
Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) is defined as a mental disorder in which an individual has a "pervasive pattern of grandiosity . . . lack of
empathy, [is] self–centered and require the admiration of others" (Lyons, C., & Martin, B., 2014, pg. 206). Although Narcissism has it own symptoms,
it has similarities with other disorders such as disregard of others, instability in relationships, tend to be emotional and attention seeking, and exaggerate
self–importance. Though the exact cause of this personality disorder is unknown, there have been numerous speculations and theories. What is known
however, is that an individual that is of Narcissistic Personality Disorder usually displays these characteristics "by early adulthood and present ... Show
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While most people would clearly be aware of the fact that they have to wait in line (as most individuals do) in order to pay for their items and be on
their way, a narcissists would disagree. This is because Narcissist as talked about the "Abnormal Psychology" book, " . . . do not care to wait in line or
take their turn: they expect special privileges because of their obvious superiority to others"(Lyons, C., & Martin, B., 2014, pg. 206). They believe
and view themselves as "priority" regardless of their location or circumstance. In their minds limits, exclusions, the word no, or off limits does not
apply to them simply because of their apparent "superiority" to others. Due to these beliefs, they " . . . are condescending and haughtily in attitude
and behavior."(206) towards anyone who crosses their path. This too applies to their relationships, whether family, social, or acquaintance. Narcissist
view others as means to their ends, because of their perspective they do not feel empathy and use others for their own gains. Which is why often
times, they will surround themselves with individuals that will feed their ego due to that, they always want, look for, and expect to receive
compliments from others. However, if they do not receive the attention or compliments expected, this will further encourage their Narcissistic ways in
order to protect the well being of their ego and avoid
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Joan Crawford's Personality Disorders
"No wire hangers!" What would be a normal thing to find in an average persons home is not accepted in Joan Crawford's home. This posses the
question why in the movie Mommie Dearest does Mrs. Crawford have a dilemma with wire hangers in her closet? Why does she have so many mental
complications in general? Although to the public, Joan seems like a striving successful actress she obviously has some underlying issues. She has
developed her personality disorders her whole life, but how she got them is a mystery. Most people develop personality disorders from their parents or
how they are raised. This is most likely the case with Joan Crawford, but no one really knows since she is diseased. Joan has four major personality
disorders within the movie; Obsessive–compulsive, Bipolar, Borderline, and Narcissistic personality disorder. Obsessive–compulsive disorder was the
disorder most evident within Joan's personality, throughout, the movie. This disorder demands perfection, and that's in everything. There are often
ridiculous rules within the household, and often times the home will be perfectly clean. For example, in the movie Joan blows a gasket on her daughter
Christina, because, Joan finds a wire hanger in her closet. This shouldn't be a humongous situation, but it is, and the end result Christina gets beaten
with wire hangers. Another scene from the movie shows Joan eating raw steak, and trying to make Christina eat it as well. Christina thinks the raw
steak is disgusting,
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Naricissistic Personality Disorder
Michael is a 38 year–old entertainment lawyer; his boss referred him for treatment services. Michael is a married man without a sex life; he feels
that sex is for simple individuals as it is ordinary and below him, he has better usages of his narrow time. He is mindful of his own mortality and
sense of his scholarly heritage. He states, many women who conveyed their endless adoration for him and of having had a few who stalked him for
years. Michael has three children, but the connection with his household is stressed. He articulates being distressed with his wife for how his
youngsters have turned out. "They are all just so average," he says nearly mockingly. Michael is a tall, stylishly dressed man; his presence is
withdrawn, but charming. Michael has disputes with individuals who he senses are not as gifted as him. He has difficulty communicating with many
co–workers, he feels they are "just the help", and they are looked down upon. Michael assumes a superior, cynical, and perplexed manner toward the
therapist and the process of evaluation. He carries a sense of power and control over the assessment. His wife described Michael as a man who
portrays many gifts and a good provider for their family. Michael exhibits Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder tendencies. His wife mentions he
has certain rituals that must be done, for example, he has a daily food routine that, when changed, this transports distress to their lives. While going to
elementary school, he seemed
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Paranoid Personality Disorders Essay
Paranoid Personality Disorders
Paranoid Personality Disorder is a disorder commonly mistaken for schizophrenic personality disorders. Schizophrenia, a psychosis, is when a person
is has an image of a world and its transpiring events, and he/she is
"living" it. Paranoid Personality Disorder, however, is a neurosis where an individual is living in the real world. This disorder, though not as
debilitating as other disorders, can still devastate a someone's life.
Individuals with this Paranoid Personality Disorder always assume that other people are "out to get them" even if there is no evidence that
this is true. They are constantly doubting others around them ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The reason for this is because these people are unfamiliar with these new and different concepts. These individuals may have a language problem, or
unfamiliar with local customs and/or laws. Problems such as these may generate anger and mistrust among the individuals, and are paranoid, but not
necessarily someone with the Paranoid Personality Disorder. The reason being this person still places trust in the family and may have friends.
However, to legally have this disorder, one must show the symptoms listed above, and be completely suspicious and hostility toward others.
Another possibility widely being speculated upon is the brain. In the brain, there are many chemicals, and for the brain to function correctly, there must
a balance of each type of chemical. As of now, scientists don't know exactly which chemicals are responsible, but are optimistic.
There is also evidence suggesting that there is an increased possibility that someone with a relative that suffers from chronic Schizophrenia
(specifically Persecutory and Delusional Type) is more likely to develop
Paranoid Personality Disorder.
Among people in the United States, there is a relatively small percentage of people with this disorder. In the general population, there is approximately
0.5%–2.5% with Paranoid Personality Disorder. In inpatient
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Psychology : Borderline Personality Disorder
Running head: Borderline Personality Disorder
The Study of Borderline Personality Disorder
Olivia Wright
Blue Ridge Community College Abstract
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) falls into cluster b category which is characterized as dramatic, emotional, or erratic disorders. People with
borderline personality disorder are characterized by their volatile and unstable relationships; they tend to have persistent problems in early adulthood,
with frequent hospitalization, unstable personal relationships, severe depression, and suicidal gestures. They tend to have turbulent relationships,
fearing abandonment but lacking control over their emotions. The Study of Borderline Personality Disorder
When it comes to our mood and behaviors we can all agree that they sometimes aren't the most consistent things. However for some people our
inconsistent moods and behaviors take on a whole new extreme. Personality disorders affect as many as 1 in 10 people in the United States controlling
their daily lives and causing them great distress. We will first get a general view on what personality disorders are then drive deeper into one of the
disorders, BPD or borderline personality disorder.
Overview of Personality Disorders
Personality is all the characteristic ways that made up a person including the ways we behave and think. However, when it comes to these
characteristics interfering with our daily relationships, cause distress to ourselves and others, or in general disrupt
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Classifying Personality Disorders
A challenge with classifying personality disorders is that personality disorders are not stable over time while the very definition of personality
disorders suggests that they should be stable over time. However, according to figure 15.2, half the people with a personality disorder at some point in
time had achieved remission when interviewed two years later (455). Another challenge with classifying personality disorders is that personality
disorders are highly comorbid. For instance, a person diagnosed with borderline personality disorder can also be diagnosed with paranoid personality
disorder–they also predict poorer outcomes for these disorders (another challenge). Moreover, it was found that more than 50% of people diagnosed
with a personality disorder also met the diagnostic criteria for another personality disorder. Furthermore, in the alternative DSM–5 diagnoses (appears
in the appendix of the DSM 5) are based on personality traits and includes two types of dimensional scores that can be rated using self–report items.
The two types of dimensional scores are 5 personality trait domains and 25 more specific personality trait facets. For instance, negative affectivity
includes anxiousness, emotional ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although, for some personality disorders, little research was conducted regarding treatments. Moreover, treatment of schizotypal personality disorder is
similar to treatment of schizophrenia and thus antipsychotic medication can help. Treatment of avoidant personality disorder is also similar to
treatment of social anxiety disorder where antidepressants and behavioral treatment can help. Dialectical behavior therapy, psychodynamic therapy and
longer term versions of cognitive therapy have been shown some support as treatment for borderline personality disorder. Lastly, psychotherapy is
considered the best treatment for personality
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Borderline Personality Disorder Essay
Literature Review
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) can be described in simple terms as a condition in which sufferers experience long periods of emotional
instability and troubled feelings about themselves and other people. These troubled feelings allow individuals to take impulsive measures and have
trouble in their relationships (Bouchard, Sabourin, Lussier & Villeneuve, 2009). BPD basically comprises of unusual intensities of instability in mood
and irrational thinking also referred to as splitting. Splitting in BPD involves a switch between negative perception of others and idealization (Sperry,
2003). This usually occurs along with irregular mood swings and can negatively impact on the existing relationships such as family, ... Show more
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The use of the term borderline has however, resulted in a heated controversy between the health care fraternity and patients. Patients argue that this term
appears to be somehow discriminatory and that it should be removed and the disorder renamed. Patients point out that an alternative name, such as
emotionally unstable personality disorder, should be adopted instead of borderline personality disorder. Clinicians, on the other hand, argue that there is
nothing wrong with the use of the term borderline. Opponents of this term argue that the terms used to describe persons suffering from this disorder,
such as demanding, treatment resistant, and difficult among others, are discriminatory. These terms may create a negative feeling of health
professionals towards patients, an aspect that may lead to adoption of negative responses that may trigger self–destructive behavior (Giesen–Bloo et al,
2006). The fact however, is that the term borderline has been misunderstood and misused so much that any attempt to redefine it is pointless leaving
scrapping the term as the only option.
There is also a controversy with regards to whether borderline personality disorder is a disorder on its
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Mental Disorders And Personality Disorder
Emily Dickinson famously said that the brain was wider than the sky, and she wasn 't far off. The brain, specifically the mind, is the structure of all
things personality and there are no set boundaries that it falls in. But what happens when there 's a glitch, causing people to not understand human
ethics? There are certain mental disorders that can be linked to serial criminality, such as antisocal personality disorder and borderline personality which
are exhibited in notorious killers Ted Bundy and Jeffrey Dahmer.
Ted Bundy is perhaps a household name. His crimes were so horrendous and large that people more or less recognize him, even if they do not know
the reason. From the outside, Bundy grew up in a loving middle class family. However, Born on November 24, 1946, Theodore "Ted" Bundy started
life as his family 's embarrassing secret. His mother was just twenty–two years old when she had him, young and unwed, which disgusted her extremely
religious parents. The grandparents quickly took him in and made him believe is mother was his sister, hiding the truth from him at all costs. This was
just the first of many problems he had through his life.
His fascination with knives started at just the age of three, foreshadowing the crimes would come later. As a teen, he had trouble connecting with peers,
thought nothing of stealing, and often looked into other 's windows without second thought. He was a smart boy and did very well in school but there
was an undeniable difference
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Borderline Personality Disorder And Personality Disorders
Borderline Personality Disorder
Emani J. Mills
Psychology of Personality
Catinia Farrington
INTRODUCTION
"Personality disorders have been documented in approximately 9 percent of the general U.S. population" (Angstman, Rasmussen, 2011). Emotional
dysregulation disorder or its common name borderline personality disorder is a very serious and chronic disorder. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM–IV) describes borderline personality disorder as "a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal
relationships, self–image, and affects, and marked impulsivity that begins by early adulthood and is present in a variety of contexts" (Gardner, 2006).
Within the last 20 years, psychologists and other mental health professionals have made tremendous strides in research on what exactly borderline
personality disorder, some of its triggers and possible effective treatment options. Borderline personality disorder is defined as a disorder that generates
severe emotional instability which can be a springboard that can lead to other stress induced mental and behavioral problems.
HOW IS BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER DIAGNOSED?
Personality disorders is an umbrella term. There are a variety of personality disorders, and each disorder has its own unique identifier that makes them
different from other personality disorders. Because each personality disorder differs from the next, these disorders are separated and is categorized by
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Personality Disorders : Borderline Personality Disorder
Borderline personality disorder is the most frequent and the most severe of all personality disorders in clinical practice, it 's a serious mental disorder
with a characteristic pervasive pattern of instability in affect regulation, impulse control, interpersonal relationships, and self–image. It 's characterized
by severe psychological impairment and high mortality rate due to suicide. (Gado, 2016, p.47)
Our group has chosen to focus and elaborate on some of the different personality disorders that exist as it relates to this course wonderfully. After we
have learned about all of the different psychologists and their theories of personality, I wonder which theorist can they seek help from most. I made the
decision to do borderline personality disorder simply because I am pretty confident that I know someone that may deal with this disorder, but for some
reason has not been properly diagnosed. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a serious mental illness characterized by pervasive instability in
moods, interpersonal relationships, self–image, and behavior. This instability often disrupts family and work life, long–term planning, and the
individual 's sense of identity. (Burton, 2015)
Through research, I found that this disorder is also referred to as "emotionally unstable personality disorder." The individual that struggles with this
disorder is someone who essentially lacks a sense of self. As a result, they experience feelings of emptiness as well as fears of
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Histrionic Personality Disorder Analysis
Those living with histrionic personality disorder are referred to as "drama queens". Often such persons are uncomfortable in situations where they are
not the center of attention. People with this disorder are often charming, flirtatious or seductive, and like to dress in an inappropriately provocative way
(Larsen, 2014). They can be theatrical, behaving or expressing emotions in a manner that draws attention to themselves. Yet simultaneously, their
emotional are shallow, lacking in detail and easily changed. This gives them the air of being hollow and insincere. Moreover, the drama and strong
emotional display often embarrasses friends and family as they may embrace even casual acquaintances with excessive enthusiasm, or may sob
uncontrollably over some minor sentimentality. People with Histrionic Personality Disorder often ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This gives rise to the issue of comorbidity. a problem that means "those meeting the criteria for a diagnosis one personality disorder will also meet the
criteria for diagnosis for another personality disorder" (Larsen, 614).
Diagnosis:
Personality disorders such as histrionic personality disorder are typically diagnosed by a psychologist or psychiatrist. There are no laboratory, blood or
genetic tests that can be utilized to diagnose histrionic personality disorder. Many people diagnosed with histrionic personality disorder avoid seeking
treatment. People with personality disorders do not often seek out treatment until the disorder starts to significantly interfere or impact the persons
daily life.
Causes/ Etiology:
We know that both nature and nurture play fundamental roles in creating personality disorders. We also know neither is capable of forming a
personality disorder separate from the other. What we don't know is how these forces work together to effect personality
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What Is Dependent Personality Disorder?
It is quiet easy for us to attach onto those we love. Naturally, we are prone to want to share our lives with those around us and are likely to depend
on others for a portion of our happiness. All of this is natural and makes us human. Who wouldn't want to have someone they can lean on? But what
happens when we become overly dependent on someone. When all of our decisions need to be fully backed, supported, and reassured by others? What
happens when we literally can't be alone and are helpless and fearful without someone by our sides? Well, these symptoms could show evidence of
Dependent Personality Disorder (DPD). DPD is a commonly diagnosed cluster C personality disorder in which ones dependence on others becomes
impairing to their everyday life. According to the DSM–5 DPD is defined as "a pervasive and excessive need to be taken care o that leads to submissive
and clinging behavior and fears of separation, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts" (Durand, 2013). Unfortunately, DPD,
like many personality disorders still requires much further research regarding its causes and treatment options, however thanks to past research we do
have enough information to formally diagnose patients with it and help them target skills to increase independence. To begin, it is important to
examine the criteria and the symptoms of PDP. According to the DSM–5, to be diagnosed with the disorder, a patient must have five or more of the
following criterion: 1.
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History Of Dependent Personality Disorder
Dependency is something one can consider that the human race requires naturally. When comparing dependency and mental illness we have to be
aware of such extreme forms of dependency. Dependent Personality Disorder is the diagnosis of this extreme dependency. Individuals with this
disorder can be seen as "clingy" or "needy". The fear of being alone and the need of assurance plague individuals with this disorder. Due to lack of
individual initiative advances individuals with this disorder may not prevail in the workplace or educational settings. This paper details dependent
personality disorder, its historical roots, symptoms and treatments proposed to treat such disorder.
History of DPD
The history of dependent personality disorder is often classified as starting in the oral stage in Freud's stage of development as a "manifestation of
dysfunction" (Disney, 2013). DPD in the DSM has evolved from several versions. The premier DSM did not distinctly categorize dependent
personality disorder. The disorder was subtype of a passive aggressive personality (Disney, 2013). Published in 1968, The DSM–II no mention of a
dependency disorder was proposed individually. In hysterical personality, the suggestion of DPD was found in the description. As in previous DSM, the
passive aggressive personality touched further into extreme dependency (Disney, 2013).
Published in 1980, The DSM–III was the first to list Dependent Personality Disorder as a separate disorder and. Criteria included "
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Histrionic Personality Disorder
We have all met a person who always has to be the center of attention and engages in inappropriate sexually seductive or provocative behavior. It may
be obvious that something is "off" or not quite "normal" but many do not realize this behavior could be the result of a disorder known as Histrionic
Personality Disorder (HPD). According to Paul Rasmussen of Furman University, "an individual with a histrionic orientation displays an active
dependency characterized by a strong need for external validation in the form of interpersonal attention, support, and reassurance". This paper will
explore the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment as well as risk factors of Histrionic Personality Disorder. The American Psychiatric ... Show more
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According to Harper, "the most obvious characteristic of histrionic patients is their use of denial or dissociative mental operations, which can rewrite
history to conform to a more favorable presentation of events, discarding negative and conflictual experiences and feelings in the process" (2004).
Another common symptom displayed among those with HPD is being overly concerned with physical appearance and frequently shows
self–dramatizations, theatrical behavior, and exaggerated emotions. Those diagnosed with HPD tend to shift emotions rapidly, constantly seek
reassurance, are excessively sensitive to criticism or disapproval as well as consider relationships to be more intimate than they really are. "Without
being aware of it, persons with HPD often act out a roll in their relationships with others. They may seek to control their partner through emotional
manipulation or seductiveness on one level, whereas displaying a marked dependency on them at another level" (Bornstein, 1998). A person with HPD
may avoid a social encounter when he/she knows that they might be upstaged by another individual out of fear of not being the center of attention. An
article published by the American Psychological Association, titled, The Histrionic Prototype, states "individuals with HPD maintain a relative balance
on enhancement and preservation that reflects their need for attention and approval" (Rasmussen, 2005). In addition, they are
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Borderline Personality Disorder
Borderline personality disorder forms part of the cluster B personality disorders and it is usually more prolific in females than males. It two percent
prevalence and Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is defined as a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self–image and
emotions. Initially ( BPD) was thought to occupy the "border" between neurotic and psychotic disorders. However, this sense of the term borderline
became identified with schizotypal personality, which is biologically related to schizophrenia.
People with borderline personality disorder are also usually very impulsive, oftentimes demonstrating self–injurious behaviors. These individuals are
very sensitive to environmental circumstances. The perception
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Personality Disorder In Shakespeare's Othello
Gabby Mellen
Mrs.Long–Goldburg
English 2 honors
29 October, 2017
Othello Essay
Occasionally, individuals may suspect that they are being lied to, or that another individual is using them, but for a person with paranoid personality
disorder, these suspicions are extreme and continuous. In Shakespeare's tragedy Othello, the titular character experiences severe doubts about his wife,
Desdemona, distrusts what others are telling him, is quick to jump to conclusions, and is easily angered. In order to be properly diagnosed with paranoid
personality disorder, the patient must meet at least four out of the nine criteria and characteristics of the illness. By modern day standards, Othello
would be diagnosed with paranoid personality disorder because he meets five of the nine traits such as, believing that friends or associates are unloyal
to him, concluding that others wish to deceive him, reading into innocent remarks as threatening, questioning the loyalty of his spouse, and being quick
to let anger surface.
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and Psychology Today, an individual with this disorder has a significant
feeling of distrust and "unjustified" suspicions and often " misinterprets" one's true meaning as malevolent. Since people with paranoid personality
disorder frequently have these misinterpretations, they are often not very trusting or communicative people. Considering that they would not be social,
they would have trouble confiding in
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Personality Disorders Essay
Psychologists have identified ten different types of personality disorders and categorized into three different clusters. In the beginning, the diagnostic
testing for schizotypal was not very reliable, because the symptoms ranged from mild to severe, and would vary to the severity of the symptoms. Due
to research, psychologists have discovered the various causes that trigger this disorder. With the new age, there has been some new advancement made
toward helping and treating patients with schizotypal. It does not affect just the patient but takes a big toll on society.
According to the DSM–IV (2000), schizotypal personality disorder occurs more often in males than in females and over three percent of the general
population. The disorder ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Schizotypal falls in the Cluster A category that is considered paranoidpersonality disorders.
According to Bjornlund (2011), ten to twenty years ago mental health professional started treating patients for personality disorders, since it is harder
to diagnose and treat. Each disorder had to be approached differently according to a precise diagnosis. Health professionals used questionnaires and
interviews to diagnosis patients; however, often the results were incorrectly diagnosis. Some patients do not get early treatment until the symptoms
interfere with daily life or a relative encourages them to. Some may seek treatment after court order, suicide attempt, anxiety, depression, or substance
abuse. Sometimes a precise diagnosis happens after being institutionalized or hospitalize for a long period of time. Around the mid 1970's, DSM
emphasized an increasing reliability in diagnosis of schizotypal.
There are several different symptoms and characteristics that are present with schizotypal personality disorder. According Bjounlund (2011), the
symptoms may be mild in one specific area of the patient's life or extremely severe that the patience cannot function in any part of life. Symptoms can
range from peculiar dress to perceptual alterations. The symptoms affect not just the patience but also family and friends attributed to stress. Some
patients diagnosed with schizotypal exhibit anxious behavior. The anxious behavior includes obsessions and
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Borderline Personality Disorder
Three of the most known personality disorders are antisocial, borderline, and narcissistic disorder. Antisocial personality disorder is the best–known
type of personality disorders and people with this disorder typically show no regard for moral and ethical rules of society as well as the rights of others.
People with this disorder may appear likable at first, but over time will show to be manipulative and deceptive. The lack of guilt or remorse is also
evident with people that have antisocial personality disorder. The second personality disorder is borderline personality disorder, which people with that
disorder have a difficulty of developing a sense as to who they are. Therefore, people with borderline personality disorder often rely
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The Personality Of Antisocial Personality Disorder
Antisocial personality disorder is a disregard for others rights and violating theses rights. This disorder starts as a child to people who carry this
disorder portray the characteristics of irritability, aggressiveness, lack of remorse, and irresponsibility. A psychopath falls under the umbrella of
antisocial personality disorders. A psychopath is a person with a personality disorders which is inherited from their parents at birth. Flashes of these
inherited factors show and happen in the child upbringing this includes torture animals at a young age, playing weird dark games as a kid, or
ripping heads of toys. A perfect example of a Psychopath is Edmund Kemper. A man who showed his psychopath tendencies at a young age that grew
into to him becoming a serial killer. My sociopath that I choose to do my research on is Edmund Kemper III aka " The Co–Ed Killer". Edmund
Kemper was born on December 18, 1948, in Burbank, California by Clarnell Stage and Edmund Kemper Jr .Kemper was a very intelligent person
with an IQ of 136 but choose a darker side of life and became a psychopathic serial killer and necrophile who killed 10 people including his mother,
and his grandparents. Edmund childhood wasn 't the greatest with his violent alcoholic parents who separated at the age of nine. Ed was then forced to
live with his mother because his father wouldn 't accept him as his son. Kemper mother who suffered from Borderline Personality Disorder would
constantly disrespect,humiliate, and
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Paranoid Personality Disorder Cluster
PERSONALITY DISORDERS: CLUSTER A
Question: Choose one of the clusters of personality disorders as categorised by the DSM–5. Describe, compare and contrast at least two personality
disorders from this cluster in terms of their symptomology, diagnosis, treatment and other factors.
A personality disorder is defined as 'an enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour that deviates markedly from the expectations of the
individuals culture as manifested in two (or more) of the following areas; cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning and impulse control'
(Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 2013). There are three categories that personality disorders are split into. Cluster A– Odd or
eccentric behaviour, cluster ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Individual therapy, including dynamic therapy which focuses on intensive– exploratory and transference focus psychotherapies, cognitive behavioural
therapy and supportive therapy which focuses on encouragement and adaptive skills. (Gabbard, 2004) ScPD can also gain from group therapy
although mistrust may interfere it can help in breaking down barriers o thoughts in that individuals head that people won't like them in order to help
them achieve a realistic sense of self. Also useful is family therapy in order to gain understanding of the disorder and get the support of the family,
rather than them not understand and make ScPD worse. ScPD is the only disorder in this cluster which has medication, although highly diverse and no
unitary prescription they do tend to benefit from antipsychotic
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Characteristics Of A Personality Disorder
Everyone has their own personality. Personality is defined as a set of individual differences that are affected by the development of an individual,
which typically consists of a person's values, attitudes, personal memories, social relationships, and skills. (McAdams, Olson, 2010, p. 517–542) There
are two classifications of personalities. If you are considered Type A personality, then you are more competitive, outgoing, possibly impatient and
could even be considered aggressive. While the more relaxed, laid back personalities are classified as Type B personalities. No matter which category
of personality a person falls under, they can be afflicted with a personality disorder. These disorders can be such a mild version that a person doesn't
even notice that they have one. But then there are some that are affected by their disorder to the point that it completely takes over their lives. So much
so that they are unable to live what's considered a normal life.
There are three main ways to be diagnosed with a personality disorder. The first is a physical exam, this will determine if there is an underlying
medical problem. The exam can include lab tests and possible screening for alcohol and/or drugs. The next step is a psychiatric evaluation. During this
evaluation the patient and their doctor should discuss the patient's feelings, their thoughts, and of course their behavior. This evaluation can include a
survey in regards to the patient and can include their
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The Personality Of A Personality Disorder
During many years and even today, society has wonder about some of the personality disorders. Every time they hear about those disorders people tend
to think that there is murder and abuse involve and that those people are dangerous to society. Since people lack knowledge about the different types of
personality disorders, they tend to lack the ability to deal with those type of people. There has always been questions about the symptoms, causes,
treatment and involvement in society that involve the Antisocial, Anxiety and Narcissist disorders. We hear about these disorders everywhere, in media
and in everyday life. However, we do not completely understand these disorders to the extent to know what kind of people live around us.
First of all, the antisocial personality disorder is one of the most common disorder that many people have the least knowledge. Another name to the
antisocial personality disorder is Sociopath. Since this disorder is antisocial, the symptoms that involve this disorder reflect some lack of involvement
in society. "Disregard of right and wrong" is one of the symptoms that involve the lack of involvement in society. Since an antisocial does not
acknowledges between right and wrong, the involvement in criminal activity is common. These people can also be "persistent lying or deceit to
exploit others, being callous, cynical and disrespectful of others, using charm or wit to manipulate others for personal gain or personal pleasure,
arrogance, a sense of
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Personality Disorders : What Causes A Personality Disorder?
Personality disorders is a deeply ingrained pattern of behavior of a specified kind, typically manifest by the time one reaches adolescence and causing
long term difficulties in personal relationships or functioning in society. Someone with personality disorder not only effects the person with it but the
love ones as well. A question that is always raised while talking aboutpersonality disorder is what causes a personality disorder? Some doctors and
professor believe that things happen in a person's early childhood. Then you have the scientist that feel as though it is a genetic thing. Stated in an
article by MF Lenzenweger he stated that there is 9.0 to 15.7 percent of the US population has been diagnosed with personality disorder. There are
numerous types of personality disorders. The more common three are Cluster a, b, and c. Inside each cluster there are disorders that fall into that
category. Some quick prevalence of PPD is that 2.5% of the US have PPD. PPD lands in cluster a. The problem with personality disorders is that it
doesn't always have precise numbers nor can anybody explain how these disorders become upon individuals. Doctors and scientist both have different
ways an individual can contract personality disorders. I am interested in this topic because it isn't known as to where personality disorder comes from
and to try to pinpoint it will be challenge.
In an experiment conducted by Tange Y, Jiange W, Liao J, and Wang W consisted of the testing of
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Avoidant Personality Disorder: Charlie Brown
Avoidant Personality Disorder
Name : Charlie Brown
Source : Charlie Brown ( First Debut October 2, 1950)
Background Information : The storyline of Charlie Brown is focused on a very small social circle of young children. One of the main animated
character is Charlie Brown who has various insecurities. The author made a common connection between himself and the character. He was a child
who others preyed on and made a mockery out of. The comical was used as an example of a great American un–success story, where the character
failed at everything he attempted to do. Charlie Brown was always prone to bad luck.
Description Of The Problem :
People with AvoidantPersonality Disorder commonly ponder on their own shortcomings. They may feel reluctant
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Personality Theories Of Personality Disorders
There are many different theories of personality which scientists have developed in order to help explain how people think, feel, and behave. The trait
theory of personality is one that attempts to explain personality by identifying patterns of behavior that include relatively stable characteristics which in
turn causes individuals to consistently behave in particular ways (Funder, 2015). While personality may change due to different situations or states, the
trait theory proposes that overall personality characteristics are relatively constant and result in a person reliably acting a certain way. These
characteristics, or traits, which remain relatively constant throughout one's life are essential components of one's personality (McLeod,... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are key differences in each of the clusters of personality disorders. Cluster A has common features of social awkwardness and socially
withdrawing from people, leaving them to often times spend time alone. People diagnosed with these disorders often have distorted thinking which in
turn leads them to have a hard time trusting others leading to social detachment and discomfort in settings that require them to be social. Cluster B has
common features relating to issues with controlling impulses and regulating emotions. People diagnosed with these disorders often act impulsively
putting themselves at risk for harm and have trouble regulating their emotions and often don't feel and remorse for their actions. Cluster C has common
features in relation to increased levels of anxiety. Anxiety in this category can relate to social anxiety, fear of losing others, and anxiety related to
orderliness and following rules.
Personality disorders differ from other mental disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorders because of the defining features.
Disorders like major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia are mood disorders relating to how an individual thinks and feels, whereas
disorders like borderline, paranoid, and narcissistic personality disorder are personality disorders relating to a person's personality and how they act.
Individuals with mood disorders have extremes
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Borderline Personality Disorder
Though many mental disorders are household names, such as depression or bipolar disorder, many are not nearly as widespread or recognized by
today's society. One of the these lesser–known disorders is Borderline Personality Disorder. Called BPD for short, this disorder is characterized by
emotional and functional instability. Mood swings and problems maintaining social and familial relationships are quite common. The intent of this
write up is to use three different works about BPD to gain a better understanding of how BPD is represented in different types of media, with emphasis
on content, style, and structure.
The goal of the study "Multimethod Investigation of Interpersonal Functioning in Borderline Personality Disorder" was to see what ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is divided into relatively short separate sections, starting with the abstract and background. This makes the article easier to read and much more
concise. The next sections are more specific, first starting with "Is BPD a bipolar mood condition?" and then addressing Is BPD a unipolar mood
condition?". Then the article closes off with a its verdict and closing statement on the issue at hand. This article is written because there is a slight
controversy over BPD being a mood disorder due to similarities such as overlapping symptoms, and mood swings. However, this article splits up
the argument between polar and unipolar mood disorders, since polar and unipolar disorders have one big dissimilarity: unipolar disorders deal with
one emotional stage, while bipolar disorders have two distinct stages. A few reasons as to why BPD is not a bipolar mood disorder are, BPD patients
have little reaction to mood stabilizers, their depression is triggered by environment, and BPD patients have problems maintaining relationships. It is
harder to describe why BPD is not a unipolar mood disorder, but it is said that BPD is more on the intricate functions rooted within personality than
specifically depression or anxiety, since these factors fluctuate often with BPD. One flaw of this article is that the information can
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The Causes Of Antisocial Personality Disorder
"Living among us are people with no conscience, no emotions, and no conceptions of love. Welcome to the chilling world of the sociopath." (Stout,
2005) Antisocial personality disorder (APD), also known as dissocial personality disorder, is identification appropriate for individuals who behave
with no regard for the rights, safety or feelings of others. Apersonality disorder is a persistent pattern of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that is
considerably different from what is considered normal within the person's own culture. Professionals group personality disorders in clusters based on a
commonality of symptoms. Antisocial personality disorder is found on Cluster B, which includes personality disorders characterized by symptoms of
dramatic or erratic behaviors (Gray, 2011). Antisocial personality disorder is more common in males (about 3 percent of the US population) than
females (about 1 percent of the US population) in the general population. APD is highly associated with low financial status and among those
living in urban areas. People with the disorder are presumably living in poverty, suffering from a coexisting substance abuse disorder, or racking up
extensive criminal records (Grohol, 2010). As with generally all personality disorders, a person must be at least 18 years of age before they can be
diagnosed properly with APD. Antisocial personality disorder symptoms will peak during late teenage years and early 20s. The symptoms typically
decrease in its
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Histrionic Personality Disorder
Running Head: HISTRIONIC PERSONALITY DISORDER
Histrionic Personality Disorder
Abstract
This paper describes the characteristics, causes, diagnosis, and treatment of an individual with Histrionic Personality Disorder (HPD). These individuals
display a pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention–seeking behavior. The exact cause of this disorder is not known, but it has been
linked to learned and inherited behavior. Diagnosing HPD can be difficult because it is similar to otherpersonality disorders. Part of the focus of
treatment is to help the individual uncover the motivations and fears associated with their thoughts and behavior. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The exact cause of histrionic personality disorder is not known, but many mental health professionals believe that both learned and inherited factors
play a role in its development. For example, the tendency for histrionic personality disorder to run in families suggests that a genetic susceptibility for
the disorder might be inherited. However, the child of a parent with this disorder might simply be repeating learned behavior. Other environmental
factors that might be involved include lack of criticism or punishment as a child, positive reinforcement that is given only when a child completes
certain approved behaviors, and unpredictable attention given to a child by his or her parents, all leading to confusion about what types of behavior
earn parental approval. The diagnosis of histrionic personality disorder is complicated because it may seem like many other disorders, and also
because it commonly occurs simultaneously with other personality disorders. The diagnosis of HPD is frequently made on the basis of an
individual's history and results from a psychological evaluation. The DSM, a widely used manual for diagnosing mental disorders, requires that five
(or more) criteria be met for a diagnosis of HPD. A mnemonic that can be used to remember the criteria for histrionic personality
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The Personality Of Antisocial Personality Disorder
Today it is estimated that .6 to 4% of the general population are thought to have antisocial personality. (Thompson, 2014) Antisocial disorder is a
personality disorder in which a person may have behavioral deficits or tendencies not accepted as normal by society's standard. Antisocial personality
disorder is sometimes also known as sociopathy. Someone who has this disorder may be called a sociopath. Some behavioral deficits seen in
sociopaths include, superficial charm, pathological lying, lack of remorse, shallow emotions, and need for stimulation. (Horley, 2014) Unfortunately,
Antisocial Disorder still has many unknowns and is in need of more research. Criminal activity, the lifespan of sociopaths, doctors treatments, and levels
of the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
MacKenzie discusses in her article how psychopaths are generally internally affected and experience psychological difficulties, whereas sociopaths
are not as internally affected, most of the time they are only affected in their relationship with society (2014). To focus further on sociopathic
disorder, Dr. Paula MacKenzie discusses this history of the disorder. MacKenzie defines sociopathy as a personality disorder characterized by a
lack of social responsibility and failure to adapt to ethical and social standards of the community (Mosby's Medical, Nursing, & Allied Health
Dictionary, 2002, p. 1599). After she defines the many personality disorders she discusses in the article, she discusses how much of the research of
behavioral disorders began in the 1800's when mental asylums became popular (2014). The first classification of a disorder similar to sociopathy was
"manie sans delire" or "insanity without delirium." Even though psychopathy is the disorder that is said to be genetic, there are significant differences
in the biological brains of individuals with sociopathic disorder and those without it. In an article by Blair and Cipolotti, an individual with
sociopathic disorder was studied and assessed, and the findings are discussed. When the individual was given a CT scan, an enlarged image of the
brain was compared to that of a neuro–typical individual. In the visual comparison, there is a clear difference of the
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The Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Now let's talk about "The Narcissist". How would you feel if someone called you a narcissist? This is a term that's often thrown around during putting
someone down or combating someone's overconfidence. It is common for someone who is called a narcissist to feel more than a little insulted, but also
for them to just downright reject the notion that their love for themselves is somehow wrong, when it's their oversensitivity to even the slightest
criticism or scrutiny, that someone might find out any part of them is not "perfect". The problem I have with labeling someone as a narcissist is the
misconception that the traits that most describes a person suffering from narcissistic personality disorder, like; conceited, arrogant, only thinking ...
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("Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) : DSM–IV Diagnostic Criteria," 2015.) Narcissistic Personality Disorder: A pattern of self–centered or
egotistical behavior is not caused by current drug or alcohol use, head injury, acute psychotic episodes, or any other illness, but has been going on
steadily at least since adolescence or early adulthood and its symptoms include at least five of the following:
1. An exaggerated sense of self–importance (e.g., exaggerates achievements and talents, expects to be recognized as superior without commensurate
achievements)
2. Preoccupation with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love
3. Believes he is "special" and can only be understood by, or should associate with, other special or high–status people (or institutions)
4. Requires excessive admiration
5. Has a sense of entitlement
6. Selfishly takes advantage of others to achieve his own ends
7. Lack's empathy
8. Is often envious of others or believes that others are envious of them
9. Shows arrogant, haughty, patronizing, or contemptuous behaviors or attitudes (APA,2013).
–("Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) : DSM–IV Diagnostic Criteria," 2015.)
Austrian psychoanalyst Otto Rank published one of the earliest descriptions of narcissism in 1911, in which he connected it to self–admiration
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Narcissistic Personality Disorder ( Npd )
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Background
Narcissism can be defined as " a mental disorder in which people have an inflated sense of their own importance, a deep need for admiration and a
lack of empathy for others. But behind this mask of ultra confidence lies a fragile self–esteem that 's vulnerable to the slightest criticism" (Narcissistic
personality disorder, n.d.). With this disorder people generally are unhappy and disappointed when they are not privileged to special favors or given
admiration they believe they deserve. With narcissistic personality disorder problems in many areas of life can arise such as work, school, financial
affairs, and relationships.
Signs and Symptoms
Signs and symptoms of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) are based on nine criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual fifth edition. The
criteria includes "a grandiose sense of self–importance, a preoccupation with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love,
believes that he or she is "special and unique and can only be understood by, or should associate with , other special or high–status people", requires
excessive admiration, has a sense of entitlement, is interpersonally exploitative, lacks empathy, is often envious of others or believes that others are
envious of him or her, shows arrogant, haughty behaviors or attitude" (Narcissistic personality disorder, n.d.). When looking for signs and symptoms
for this disorder, only five of the nine
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Personality Of Personality Disorders And The Wpa Section...
Personality disorder has being and issue among therapist and psychiatrist. Also Personality disorder is presently being acknowledged as an essential
condition in standard psychiatry over the world. In spite of the fact that it regularly stays unrecognized in customary practice, research studies have
demonstrated that it is familiar, makes significant bleakness, is connected with high expenses to administrations and to society, and meddles, generally
adversely, with advancement in the treatment of other mental issue. We now have prove that personality issue, as of now arranged, influences around
six percent of the world populace, and the contrasts between nations demonstrate no predictable variety. We are likewise getting expanding proof that a
few medicines, for the most part mental, are of quality in this gathering of clutters. What is currently required is another characterization that is of more
noteworthy worth to clinicians, and the WPA Section on Personality Disorders is at present undertaking this mission. Most Korean psychiatric experts
are acquainted with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) characterization system. Although the International
Classification of Disease (ICD) is the world order, and subsequently overshadows different groupings, the greater part of the progressions made in the
grouping of identity issue in the most recent 30 years have been an immediate result of the presentation of the third amendment of (DSM–III) in
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Overview Of Antisocial Personality Disorder
Antisocial Personality Disorder is a mental illness in which an individual's thought process and behavior is dysfunctional and destructive. Many of the
individuals show patterns of manipulation, lack of empathy, and participate in criminal and violent behavior, which result in criminal backgrounds.
One important aspect of this disorder is that it does not just develop one day; an individual must have shown symptoms and been diagnosed with a
disorder called Conduct Disorder before the age of 15.
According to the Health Research Funding Organization, Antisocial Personality Disorder affects approximately 3 percent of adult males and 1 percent
of adult females that is a little over 3.6 percent of adults, equaling approximately 7.6 million people ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They feel as though they are more important than anyone around them and lack empathy toward others. Individuals with this disorder exaggerate about
their life and their achievements. Narcissistic Personality Disorder is diagnosed based off an individual's symptoms, a clinical evaluation, and a
physical exam. Some symptoms of Narcissistic Personality Disorder are similar to those of other personality disorders, such as Antisocial Personality
Disorder and the lack of empathy. Another thing that these two disorders have in common is that the cause is unknown, but believed to be caused by
childhood abuse, neglect, poor parenting, and possibly a link with
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Narcissistic Personality Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorder

  • 1. Narcissist Personality Disorder Narcissism is a disorder which summed up is just only caring about yourself, but i'm not able to just sum it up like that am I :) . It is a personality disorder that leads you to be more interested into oneself then the surrounding people or anyone for that matter. This term came from the greek gods when one god fell in love with himself through a reflection. Traits are An obvious self–focus in interpersonal exchanges, problems in sustaining satisfying relationships, a lack of psychological awareness, and difficulty with empathy. This personality disorder is estimated to be in about 1% of the whole population. Most people just contain narcissistic traits, but the people who really do have Narcissist personality disorder are the ones who overlook ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The concept of excessive selfishness has been recognized throughout history. In ancient Greece the concept was understood as hubris. It is only more recently that narcissism has been defined in psychological terms. Healthy narcissism forms a constant, realistic self–interest and mature goals and principles and an ability to form deep relations to an something. Within psychology, there are two main branches of research into narcissism: clinical and social psychology. These approaches differ in their view of narcissism, with the former treating it as a disorder, thus as discrete, and the latter treating it as a personality trait, thus as a continuum. These two strands of research tend loosely to stand in a divergent relation to one another, although they converge in places. Self–regulation in narcissists involves such things as striving to make one's self look and feel positive, special, successful and important. It comes in both intrapsychic, such as blaming a situation rather than self for failure, and interpersonal forms, such as using a relationship to serve one's own self. Some differences in self–regulation between narcissists and non–narcissists can be seen with Campbell, Reeder, Sedikides] who conducted a study with two ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 2. Personality Disorders And Eating Disorders There are many different types of disorders. I am personally interested in personality disorders and eating disorders. Now that might sound weird, but what I mean is I find it interesting and want to figure out how it effects people. I want to know how it effects people's daily life. Now a day's society glorifies personality disorders such as depression and eating disorders in general. Disorders aren't something to be glorified they are something that some people struggle with and sometimes can't live with their disorder or illness. There are many types of disorder, from bipolarity to bulimia to schizophrenia. My family has a background of being bipolar or depressed. Some say depression isn't a mental disorder but it is a serious illness ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The official definition of a personality disorder is "a psychopathological condition or group of conditions in which an individual 's entire life pattern is considered deviant or nonadaptive although the individual shows neither neurotic symptoms nor psychotic disorganization" according to the Merriam–Webster dictionary. I interpret to mean that there is some pattern of conditions that makes the person seem a divergent compared to other people of the same age group and gender. Even though people have these conditions, they show nothing that makes them seem inconsistent with brain activity or anything like neurosis, which is a class of mental disorders that are derived from distress, but do not include hallucinations or delusions. In the first cluster of disorders, Cluster A, there are three disorders: Paranoid personality disorder (PD), Schizoid personality disorder (PD), and Schizotypal personality disorder (PD). These disorders are classified as odd, bizarre, or eccentric. A person with Paranoid PD has absolutely no trust in others, they are suspicious of everyone and everything, looking for something that would confirm why they feel this distrust for everything in their lives. ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 3. Borderline Personality Disorder Essay According to the DSM–5, Personality Disorders are characterized by "impairments in personality functioning and the presence of pathological personality traits". Borderline Personality Disorder is one of ten personality disorders listed in the DSM–5. The DSM–5 lists several criteria that must be met in order for someone to be diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder. They are quoted as follows: Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) affects about 4% of the general population, and at least 20% of the clinical psychiatric population. (Kernberg and Michels, 2009) In the clinical psychiatric population, about 75% of those with the disorder are women. BPD is also significantly heritable, with 42–68% of the variance associated ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The next morning, MMM was introduced to her inpatient Psychiatrist. MM mentioned to her Psychiatrist that she had battled symptoms of depression throughout high school and had thoughts of harming herself, especially after a relationship would end. The ending of a relationship would be followed by feelings of abandonment, like the feelings she had as a child when her father left. She also expressed to her Psychiatrist that she felt that she was not loveable and that she would be alone the rest of her life. She expressed resentment towards her father for leaving, and towards her mother for making him leave. She even expressed resentment towards her ex–boyfriend, whom the recent suicide attempt was over, but stated that she would take him back in a heartbeat. In fact, she stated that she hated him, but couldn't live without him. The Psychiatrist listened to MMM carefully, and diagnosed her with Borderline Personality Disorder. He recognized the common statement made by those with Borderline: "I hate you, please don't leave me". MMM was released after 72 hours into an outpatient program where she was assigned to a group therapy circle for those suffering from Borderline Personality Disorder. She also signed up for individual therapy with a therapist on–campus specializing in the treatment of Personality Disorders. It is up to MMM to follow–up with her treatment plan. Because her suicide attempt occurred on campus, the Dean of Students ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 4. Characteristics Of A Personality Disorder Psychopathy is condition in which an individual has a wide array of negative personality traits. The trait that stands out the most is that they enjoy the suffering of others, as well as compulsively, and very skillfully, lying to others. Also, their sense of superficial charm causes people to gravitate toward them. Psychopaths are also known for their lack of general remorse and empathy for any wrongdoings they may commit. They are known to deny responsibility for actions they commit, as well as maintaining a parasitic lifestyle; figuratively speaking they feed off of those around them that can contribute to their desires. This condition, while it may seem like it is extremely rare, this is only due to the fact that these people are very good at blending in with normal people, making it hard to judge who is truly a psychopath. "Narcissistic personality disorder differs from psychopaths; however, there are also some similarities" (Hare). One of these similarities is the lack of empathy that they feel for negative actions they commit. The difference is that they feel the need to be the center of attention, like they are the most important people among their family and friends. They have negative attitudes toward those they feel are beneath them. People who suffer from narcissistic personality disorder are often referred to as narcissists, or are known to suffer from narcissism. These people are arrogant and often times, straight up snobbish to those they see as less ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 5. Borderline Personality Disorder And Personality Disorders Introduction Amad, Ramoz, Thomas, Jardri and Gorwood questioned if borderline personality disorder runs in families through genetics. Although not stated borderline personality disorder was first diagnosed as an illness in 1980. Borderline personality disorder is a common mental disability that causes someone to experience unstable moods and occasionally have psychotic episodes. Gene–environment interaction which is when 2 different genotypes respond to different environmental variation in different ways. Plasticity genes which is the ability of an organism to change its phenotype in response to changes in the environment. A phenotype is a set of observable characters of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment. A genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism. Polymorphism is another term used which is the presences of genetic variation within a population, upon which natural selection can operate. Many studies performed on this subject which were often cited and compared with Amad's et al. study. Method Amad et al. used quantitative research by analyzing data to figure percentages and likely hood of borderline personality disorder running in families. Amad et al. choose patients 18 years or older with borderline personality disorder, the diagnostics were made according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual criteria. Meta–analyses, a method for combining study data from multiple studies, was performed if two or more studies ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 6. Borderline Personality Disorder Analysis Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), according to the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, is an axis II disorder under cluster B of the personality disorder diagnoses. Personality disorders and intellectual disabilities considered to be long–term issues are classified under axis II. The dramatic, emotional, or erratic personality disorders are grouped under cluster B. According to the American Psychiatric Association (2013), BPD is a pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self–image, and affects, and marked impulsivity. In other words, when an individual's behavior, relationships, and emotions are consistently unstable, they exhibit characteristics... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM–5). American Psychiatric Pub. Krause, E. D., Kaltman, S., Goodman, L. A., & Dutton, M. A. (2008). Avoidant coping and PTSD symptoms related to domestic violence exposure: A longitudinal study. Journal of traumatic stress, 21(1), 83–90. Lieb, K., Zanarini, M. C., Schmahl, C., Linehan, M. M., & Bohus, M. (2004). Borderline personality disorder. The Lancet, 364(9432), 453–461. MacIntosh, H. B., Godbout, N., & Dubash, N. (2015). Borderline personality disorder: Disorder of trauma or personality, a review of the empirical literature. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne, 56(2), 227. Weiss, R. (2014, December). Complex Trauma & Intimacy Avoidance. Counselor, 34 –39. Zlotnick, C., Johnson, D. M., Yen, S., Battle, C. L., Sanislow, C. A., Skodol, A. E., ... & Zanarini, M. C. (2003). Clinical features and impairment in women with borderline personality disorder (BPD) with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), BPD without PTSD, and other personality disorders with PTSD. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 191(11), ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 7. Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) is defined as a mental disorder in which an individual has a "pervasive pattern of grandiosity . . . lack of empathy, [is] self–centered and require the admiration of others" (Lyons, C., & Martin, B., 2014, pg. 206). Although Narcissism has it own symptoms, it has similarities with other disorders such as disregard of others, instability in relationships, tend to be emotional and attention seeking, and exaggerate self–importance. Though the exact cause of this personality disorder is unknown, there have been numerous speculations and theories. What is known however, is that an individual that is of Narcissistic Personality Disorder usually displays these characteristics "by early adulthood and present ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... While most people would clearly be aware of the fact that they have to wait in line (as most individuals do) in order to pay for their items and be on their way, a narcissists would disagree. This is because Narcissist as talked about the "Abnormal Psychology" book, " . . . do not care to wait in line or take their turn: they expect special privileges because of their obvious superiority to others"(Lyons, C., & Martin, B., 2014, pg. 206). They believe and view themselves as "priority" regardless of their location or circumstance. In their minds limits, exclusions, the word no, or off limits does not apply to them simply because of their apparent "superiority" to others. Due to these beliefs, they " . . . are condescending and haughtily in attitude and behavior."(206) towards anyone who crosses their path. This too applies to their relationships, whether family, social, or acquaintance. Narcissist view others as means to their ends, because of their perspective they do not feel empathy and use others for their own gains. Which is why often times, they will surround themselves with individuals that will feed their ego due to that, they always want, look for, and expect to receive compliments from others. However, if they do not receive the attention or compliments expected, this will further encourage their Narcissistic ways in order to protect the well being of their ego and avoid ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 8. Joan Crawford's Personality Disorders "No wire hangers!" What would be a normal thing to find in an average persons home is not accepted in Joan Crawford's home. This posses the question why in the movie Mommie Dearest does Mrs. Crawford have a dilemma with wire hangers in her closet? Why does she have so many mental complications in general? Although to the public, Joan seems like a striving successful actress she obviously has some underlying issues. She has developed her personality disorders her whole life, but how she got them is a mystery. Most people develop personality disorders from their parents or how they are raised. This is most likely the case with Joan Crawford, but no one really knows since she is diseased. Joan has four major personality disorders within the movie; Obsessive–compulsive, Bipolar, Borderline, and Narcissistic personality disorder. Obsessive–compulsive disorder was the disorder most evident within Joan's personality, throughout, the movie. This disorder demands perfection, and that's in everything. There are often ridiculous rules within the household, and often times the home will be perfectly clean. For example, in the movie Joan blows a gasket on her daughter Christina, because, Joan finds a wire hanger in her closet. This shouldn't be a humongous situation, but it is, and the end result Christina gets beaten with wire hangers. Another scene from the movie shows Joan eating raw steak, and trying to make Christina eat it as well. Christina thinks the raw steak is disgusting, ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 9. Naricissistic Personality Disorder Michael is a 38 year–old entertainment lawyer; his boss referred him for treatment services. Michael is a married man without a sex life; he feels that sex is for simple individuals as it is ordinary and below him, he has better usages of his narrow time. He is mindful of his own mortality and sense of his scholarly heritage. He states, many women who conveyed their endless adoration for him and of having had a few who stalked him for years. Michael has three children, but the connection with his household is stressed. He articulates being distressed with his wife for how his youngsters have turned out. "They are all just so average," he says nearly mockingly. Michael is a tall, stylishly dressed man; his presence is withdrawn, but charming. Michael has disputes with individuals who he senses are not as gifted as him. He has difficulty communicating with many co–workers, he feels they are "just the help", and they are looked down upon. Michael assumes a superior, cynical, and perplexed manner toward the therapist and the process of evaluation. He carries a sense of power and control over the assessment. His wife described Michael as a man who portrays many gifts and a good provider for their family. Michael exhibits Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder tendencies. His wife mentions he has certain rituals that must be done, for example, he has a daily food routine that, when changed, this transports distress to their lives. While going to elementary school, he seemed ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 10. Paranoid Personality Disorders Essay Paranoid Personality Disorders Paranoid Personality Disorder is a disorder commonly mistaken for schizophrenic personality disorders. Schizophrenia, a psychosis, is when a person is has an image of a world and its transpiring events, and he/she is "living" it. Paranoid Personality Disorder, however, is a neurosis where an individual is living in the real world. This disorder, though not as debilitating as other disorders, can still devastate a someone's life. Individuals with this Paranoid Personality Disorder always assume that other people are "out to get them" even if there is no evidence that this is true. They are constantly doubting others around them ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The reason for this is because these people are unfamiliar with these new and different concepts. These individuals may have a language problem, or unfamiliar with local customs and/or laws. Problems such as these may generate anger and mistrust among the individuals, and are paranoid, but not necessarily someone with the Paranoid Personality Disorder. The reason being this person still places trust in the family and may have friends. However, to legally have this disorder, one must show the symptoms listed above, and be completely suspicious and hostility toward others. Another possibility widely being speculated upon is the brain. In the brain, there are many chemicals, and for the brain to function correctly, there must a balance of each type of chemical. As of now, scientists don't know exactly which chemicals are responsible, but are optimistic. There is also evidence suggesting that there is an increased possibility that someone with a relative that suffers from chronic Schizophrenia (specifically Persecutory and Delusional Type) is more likely to develop Paranoid Personality Disorder. Among people in the United States, there is a relatively small percentage of people with this disorder. In the general population, there is approximately 0.5%–2.5% with Paranoid Personality Disorder. In inpatient ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 11. Psychology : Borderline Personality Disorder Running head: Borderline Personality Disorder The Study of Borderline Personality Disorder Olivia Wright Blue Ridge Community College Abstract Borderline personality disorder (BPD) falls into cluster b category which is characterized as dramatic, emotional, or erratic disorders. People with borderline personality disorder are characterized by their volatile and unstable relationships; they tend to have persistent problems in early adulthood, with frequent hospitalization, unstable personal relationships, severe depression, and suicidal gestures. They tend to have turbulent relationships, fearing abandonment but lacking control over their emotions. The Study of Borderline Personality Disorder When it comes to our mood and behaviors we can all agree that they sometimes aren't the most consistent things. However for some people our inconsistent moods and behaviors take on a whole new extreme. Personality disorders affect as many as 1 in 10 people in the United States controlling their daily lives and causing them great distress. We will first get a general view on what personality disorders are then drive deeper into one of the disorders, BPD or borderline personality disorder. Overview of Personality Disorders Personality is all the characteristic ways that made up a person including the ways we behave and think. However, when it comes to these characteristics interfering with our daily relationships, cause distress to ourselves and others, or in general disrupt ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 12. Classifying Personality Disorders A challenge with classifying personality disorders is that personality disorders are not stable over time while the very definition of personality disorders suggests that they should be stable over time. However, according to figure 15.2, half the people with a personality disorder at some point in time had achieved remission when interviewed two years later (455). Another challenge with classifying personality disorders is that personality disorders are highly comorbid. For instance, a person diagnosed with borderline personality disorder can also be diagnosed with paranoid personality disorder–they also predict poorer outcomes for these disorders (another challenge). Moreover, it was found that more than 50% of people diagnosed with a personality disorder also met the diagnostic criteria for another personality disorder. Furthermore, in the alternative DSM–5 diagnoses (appears in the appendix of the DSM 5) are based on personality traits and includes two types of dimensional scores that can be rated using self–report items. The two types of dimensional scores are 5 personality trait domains and 25 more specific personality trait facets. For instance, negative affectivity includes anxiousness, emotional ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Although, for some personality disorders, little research was conducted regarding treatments. Moreover, treatment of schizotypal personality disorder is similar to treatment of schizophrenia and thus antipsychotic medication can help. Treatment of avoidant personality disorder is also similar to treatment of social anxiety disorder where antidepressants and behavioral treatment can help. Dialectical behavior therapy, psychodynamic therapy and longer term versions of cognitive therapy have been shown some support as treatment for borderline personality disorder. Lastly, psychotherapy is considered the best treatment for personality ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 13. Borderline Personality Disorder Essay Literature Review Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) can be described in simple terms as a condition in which sufferers experience long periods of emotional instability and troubled feelings about themselves and other people. These troubled feelings allow individuals to take impulsive measures and have trouble in their relationships (Bouchard, Sabourin, Lussier & Villeneuve, 2009). BPD basically comprises of unusual intensities of instability in mood and irrational thinking also referred to as splitting. Splitting in BPD involves a switch between negative perception of others and idealization (Sperry, 2003). This usually occurs along with irregular mood swings and can negatively impact on the existing relationships such as family, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The use of the term borderline has however, resulted in a heated controversy between the health care fraternity and patients. Patients argue that this term appears to be somehow discriminatory and that it should be removed and the disorder renamed. Patients point out that an alternative name, such as emotionally unstable personality disorder, should be adopted instead of borderline personality disorder. Clinicians, on the other hand, argue that there is nothing wrong with the use of the term borderline. Opponents of this term argue that the terms used to describe persons suffering from this disorder, such as demanding, treatment resistant, and difficult among others, are discriminatory. These terms may create a negative feeling of health professionals towards patients, an aspect that may lead to adoption of negative responses that may trigger self–destructive behavior (Giesen–Bloo et al, 2006). The fact however, is that the term borderline has been misunderstood and misused so much that any attempt to redefine it is pointless leaving scrapping the term as the only option. There is also a controversy with regards to whether borderline personality disorder is a disorder on its ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 14. Mental Disorders And Personality Disorder Emily Dickinson famously said that the brain was wider than the sky, and she wasn 't far off. The brain, specifically the mind, is the structure of all things personality and there are no set boundaries that it falls in. But what happens when there 's a glitch, causing people to not understand human ethics? There are certain mental disorders that can be linked to serial criminality, such as antisocal personality disorder and borderline personality which are exhibited in notorious killers Ted Bundy and Jeffrey Dahmer. Ted Bundy is perhaps a household name. His crimes were so horrendous and large that people more or less recognize him, even if they do not know the reason. From the outside, Bundy grew up in a loving middle class family. However, Born on November 24, 1946, Theodore "Ted" Bundy started life as his family 's embarrassing secret. His mother was just twenty–two years old when she had him, young and unwed, which disgusted her extremely religious parents. The grandparents quickly took him in and made him believe is mother was his sister, hiding the truth from him at all costs. This was just the first of many problems he had through his life. His fascination with knives started at just the age of three, foreshadowing the crimes would come later. As a teen, he had trouble connecting with peers, thought nothing of stealing, and often looked into other 's windows without second thought. He was a smart boy and did very well in school but there was an undeniable difference ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 15. Borderline Personality Disorder And Personality Disorders Borderline Personality Disorder Emani J. Mills Psychology of Personality Catinia Farrington INTRODUCTION "Personality disorders have been documented in approximately 9 percent of the general U.S. population" (Angstman, Rasmussen, 2011). Emotional dysregulation disorder or its common name borderline personality disorder is a very serious and chronic disorder. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM–IV) describes borderline personality disorder as "a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self–image, and affects, and marked impulsivity that begins by early adulthood and is present in a variety of contexts" (Gardner, 2006). Within the last 20 years, psychologists and other mental health professionals have made tremendous strides in research on what exactly borderline personality disorder, some of its triggers and possible effective treatment options. Borderline personality disorder is defined as a disorder that generates severe emotional instability which can be a springboard that can lead to other stress induced mental and behavioral problems. HOW IS BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER DIAGNOSED? Personality disorders is an umbrella term. There are a variety of personality disorders, and each disorder has its own unique identifier that makes them different from other personality disorders. Because each personality disorder differs from the next, these disorders are separated and is categorized by ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 16. Personality Disorders : Borderline Personality Disorder Borderline personality disorder is the most frequent and the most severe of all personality disorders in clinical practice, it 's a serious mental disorder with a characteristic pervasive pattern of instability in affect regulation, impulse control, interpersonal relationships, and self–image. It 's characterized by severe psychological impairment and high mortality rate due to suicide. (Gado, 2016, p.47) Our group has chosen to focus and elaborate on some of the different personality disorders that exist as it relates to this course wonderfully. After we have learned about all of the different psychologists and their theories of personality, I wonder which theorist can they seek help from most. I made the decision to do borderline personality disorder simply because I am pretty confident that I know someone that may deal with this disorder, but for some reason has not been properly diagnosed. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a serious mental illness characterized by pervasive instability in moods, interpersonal relationships, self–image, and behavior. This instability often disrupts family and work life, long–term planning, and the individual 's sense of identity. (Burton, 2015) Through research, I found that this disorder is also referred to as "emotionally unstable personality disorder." The individual that struggles with this disorder is someone who essentially lacks a sense of self. As a result, they experience feelings of emptiness as well as fears of ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 17. Histrionic Personality Disorder Analysis Those living with histrionic personality disorder are referred to as "drama queens". Often such persons are uncomfortable in situations where they are not the center of attention. People with this disorder are often charming, flirtatious or seductive, and like to dress in an inappropriately provocative way (Larsen, 2014). They can be theatrical, behaving or expressing emotions in a manner that draws attention to themselves. Yet simultaneously, their emotional are shallow, lacking in detail and easily changed. This gives them the air of being hollow and insincere. Moreover, the drama and strong emotional display often embarrasses friends and family as they may embrace even casual acquaintances with excessive enthusiasm, or may sob uncontrollably over some minor sentimentality. People with Histrionic Personality Disorder often ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... This gives rise to the issue of comorbidity. a problem that means "those meeting the criteria for a diagnosis one personality disorder will also meet the criteria for diagnosis for another personality disorder" (Larsen, 614). Diagnosis: Personality disorders such as histrionic personality disorder are typically diagnosed by a psychologist or psychiatrist. There are no laboratory, blood or genetic tests that can be utilized to diagnose histrionic personality disorder. Many people diagnosed with histrionic personality disorder avoid seeking treatment. People with personality disorders do not often seek out treatment until the disorder starts to significantly interfere or impact the persons daily life. Causes/ Etiology: We know that both nature and nurture play fundamental roles in creating personality disorders. We also know neither is capable of forming a personality disorder separate from the other. What we don't know is how these forces work together to effect personality ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 18. What Is Dependent Personality Disorder? It is quiet easy for us to attach onto those we love. Naturally, we are prone to want to share our lives with those around us and are likely to depend on others for a portion of our happiness. All of this is natural and makes us human. Who wouldn't want to have someone they can lean on? But what happens when we become overly dependent on someone. When all of our decisions need to be fully backed, supported, and reassured by others? What happens when we literally can't be alone and are helpless and fearful without someone by our sides? Well, these symptoms could show evidence of Dependent Personality Disorder (DPD). DPD is a commonly diagnosed cluster C personality disorder in which ones dependence on others becomes impairing to their everyday life. According to the DSM–5 DPD is defined as "a pervasive and excessive need to be taken care o that leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts" (Durand, 2013). Unfortunately, DPD, like many personality disorders still requires much further research regarding its causes and treatment options, however thanks to past research we do have enough information to formally diagnose patients with it and help them target skills to increase independence. To begin, it is important to examine the criteria and the symptoms of PDP. According to the DSM–5, to be diagnosed with the disorder, a patient must have five or more of the following criterion: 1. ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 19. History Of Dependent Personality Disorder Dependency is something one can consider that the human race requires naturally. When comparing dependency and mental illness we have to be aware of such extreme forms of dependency. Dependent Personality Disorder is the diagnosis of this extreme dependency. Individuals with this disorder can be seen as "clingy" or "needy". The fear of being alone and the need of assurance plague individuals with this disorder. Due to lack of individual initiative advances individuals with this disorder may not prevail in the workplace or educational settings. This paper details dependent personality disorder, its historical roots, symptoms and treatments proposed to treat such disorder. History of DPD The history of dependent personality disorder is often classified as starting in the oral stage in Freud's stage of development as a "manifestation of dysfunction" (Disney, 2013). DPD in the DSM has evolved from several versions. The premier DSM did not distinctly categorize dependent personality disorder. The disorder was subtype of a passive aggressive personality (Disney, 2013). Published in 1968, The DSM–II no mention of a dependency disorder was proposed individually. In hysterical personality, the suggestion of DPD was found in the description. As in previous DSM, the passive aggressive personality touched further into extreme dependency (Disney, 2013). Published in 1980, The DSM–III was the first to list Dependent Personality Disorder as a separate disorder and. Criteria included " ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 20. Histrionic Personality Disorder We have all met a person who always has to be the center of attention and engages in inappropriate sexually seductive or provocative behavior. It may be obvious that something is "off" or not quite "normal" but many do not realize this behavior could be the result of a disorder known as Histrionic Personality Disorder (HPD). According to Paul Rasmussen of Furman University, "an individual with a histrionic orientation displays an active dependency characterized by a strong need for external validation in the form of interpersonal attention, support, and reassurance". This paper will explore the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment as well as risk factors of Histrionic Personality Disorder. The American Psychiatric ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... According to Harper, "the most obvious characteristic of histrionic patients is their use of denial or dissociative mental operations, which can rewrite history to conform to a more favorable presentation of events, discarding negative and conflictual experiences and feelings in the process" (2004). Another common symptom displayed among those with HPD is being overly concerned with physical appearance and frequently shows self–dramatizations, theatrical behavior, and exaggerated emotions. Those diagnosed with HPD tend to shift emotions rapidly, constantly seek reassurance, are excessively sensitive to criticism or disapproval as well as consider relationships to be more intimate than they really are. "Without being aware of it, persons with HPD often act out a roll in their relationships with others. They may seek to control their partner through emotional manipulation or seductiveness on one level, whereas displaying a marked dependency on them at another level" (Bornstein, 1998). A person with HPD may avoid a social encounter when he/she knows that they might be upstaged by another individual out of fear of not being the center of attention. An article published by the American Psychological Association, titled, The Histrionic Prototype, states "individuals with HPD maintain a relative balance on enhancement and preservation that reflects their need for attention and approval" (Rasmussen, 2005). In addition, they are ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 21. Borderline Personality Disorder Borderline personality disorder forms part of the cluster B personality disorders and it is usually more prolific in females than males. It two percent prevalence and Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is defined as a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self–image and emotions. Initially ( BPD) was thought to occupy the "border" between neurotic and psychotic disorders. However, this sense of the term borderline became identified with schizotypal personality, which is biologically related to schizophrenia. People with borderline personality disorder are also usually very impulsive, oftentimes demonstrating self–injurious behaviors. These individuals are very sensitive to environmental circumstances. The perception ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 22. Personality Disorder In Shakespeare's Othello Gabby Mellen Mrs.Long–Goldburg English 2 honors 29 October, 2017 Othello Essay Occasionally, individuals may suspect that they are being lied to, or that another individual is using them, but for a person with paranoid personality disorder, these suspicions are extreme and continuous. In Shakespeare's tragedy Othello, the titular character experiences severe doubts about his wife, Desdemona, distrusts what others are telling him, is quick to jump to conclusions, and is easily angered. In order to be properly diagnosed with paranoid personality disorder, the patient must meet at least four out of the nine criteria and characteristics of the illness. By modern day standards, Othello would be diagnosed with paranoid personality disorder because he meets five of the nine traits such as, believing that friends or associates are unloyal to him, concluding that others wish to deceive him, reading into innocent remarks as threatening, questioning the loyalty of his spouse, and being quick to let anger surface. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and Psychology Today, an individual with this disorder has a significant feeling of distrust and "unjustified" suspicions and often " misinterprets" one's true meaning as malevolent. Since people with paranoid personality disorder frequently have these misinterpretations, they are often not very trusting or communicative people. Considering that they would not be social, they would have trouble confiding in ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 23. Personality Disorders Essay Psychologists have identified ten different types of personality disorders and categorized into three different clusters. In the beginning, the diagnostic testing for schizotypal was not very reliable, because the symptoms ranged from mild to severe, and would vary to the severity of the symptoms. Due to research, psychologists have discovered the various causes that trigger this disorder. With the new age, there has been some new advancement made toward helping and treating patients with schizotypal. It does not affect just the patient but takes a big toll on society. According to the DSM–IV (2000), schizotypal personality disorder occurs more often in males than in females and over three percent of the general population. The disorder ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Schizotypal falls in the Cluster A category that is considered paranoidpersonality disorders. According to Bjornlund (2011), ten to twenty years ago mental health professional started treating patients for personality disorders, since it is harder to diagnose and treat. Each disorder had to be approached differently according to a precise diagnosis. Health professionals used questionnaires and interviews to diagnosis patients; however, often the results were incorrectly diagnosis. Some patients do not get early treatment until the symptoms interfere with daily life or a relative encourages them to. Some may seek treatment after court order, suicide attempt, anxiety, depression, or substance abuse. Sometimes a precise diagnosis happens after being institutionalized or hospitalize for a long period of time. Around the mid 1970's, DSM emphasized an increasing reliability in diagnosis of schizotypal. There are several different symptoms and characteristics that are present with schizotypal personality disorder. According Bjounlund (2011), the symptoms may be mild in one specific area of the patient's life or extremely severe that the patience cannot function in any part of life. Symptoms can range from peculiar dress to perceptual alterations. The symptoms affect not just the patience but also family and friends attributed to stress. Some patients diagnosed with schizotypal exhibit anxious behavior. The anxious behavior includes obsessions and ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 24. Borderline Personality Disorder Three of the most known personality disorders are antisocial, borderline, and narcissistic disorder. Antisocial personality disorder is the best–known type of personality disorders and people with this disorder typically show no regard for moral and ethical rules of society as well as the rights of others. People with this disorder may appear likable at first, but over time will show to be manipulative and deceptive. The lack of guilt or remorse is also evident with people that have antisocial personality disorder. The second personality disorder is borderline personality disorder, which people with that disorder have a difficulty of developing a sense as to who they are. Therefore, people with borderline personality disorder often rely ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 25. The Personality Of Antisocial Personality Disorder Antisocial personality disorder is a disregard for others rights and violating theses rights. This disorder starts as a child to people who carry this disorder portray the characteristics of irritability, aggressiveness, lack of remorse, and irresponsibility. A psychopath falls under the umbrella of antisocial personality disorders. A psychopath is a person with a personality disorders which is inherited from their parents at birth. Flashes of these inherited factors show and happen in the child upbringing this includes torture animals at a young age, playing weird dark games as a kid, or ripping heads of toys. A perfect example of a Psychopath is Edmund Kemper. A man who showed his psychopath tendencies at a young age that grew into to him becoming a serial killer. My sociopath that I choose to do my research on is Edmund Kemper III aka " The Co–Ed Killer". Edmund Kemper was born on December 18, 1948, in Burbank, California by Clarnell Stage and Edmund Kemper Jr .Kemper was a very intelligent person with an IQ of 136 but choose a darker side of life and became a psychopathic serial killer and necrophile who killed 10 people including his mother, and his grandparents. Edmund childhood wasn 't the greatest with his violent alcoholic parents who separated at the age of nine. Ed was then forced to live with his mother because his father wouldn 't accept him as his son. Kemper mother who suffered from Borderline Personality Disorder would constantly disrespect,humiliate, and ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 26. Paranoid Personality Disorder Cluster PERSONALITY DISORDERS: CLUSTER A Question: Choose one of the clusters of personality disorders as categorised by the DSM–5. Describe, compare and contrast at least two personality disorders from this cluster in terms of their symptomology, diagnosis, treatment and other factors. A personality disorder is defined as 'an enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individuals culture as manifested in two (or more) of the following areas; cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning and impulse control' (Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 2013). There are three categories that personality disorders are split into. Cluster A– Odd or eccentric behaviour, cluster ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Individual therapy, including dynamic therapy which focuses on intensive– exploratory and transference focus psychotherapies, cognitive behavioural therapy and supportive therapy which focuses on encouragement and adaptive skills. (Gabbard, 2004) ScPD can also gain from group therapy although mistrust may interfere it can help in breaking down barriers o thoughts in that individuals head that people won't like them in order to help them achieve a realistic sense of self. Also useful is family therapy in order to gain understanding of the disorder and get the support of the family, rather than them not understand and make ScPD worse. ScPD is the only disorder in this cluster which has medication, although highly diverse and no unitary prescription they do tend to benefit from antipsychotic ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 27. Characteristics Of A Personality Disorder Everyone has their own personality. Personality is defined as a set of individual differences that are affected by the development of an individual, which typically consists of a person's values, attitudes, personal memories, social relationships, and skills. (McAdams, Olson, 2010, p. 517–542) There are two classifications of personalities. If you are considered Type A personality, then you are more competitive, outgoing, possibly impatient and could even be considered aggressive. While the more relaxed, laid back personalities are classified as Type B personalities. No matter which category of personality a person falls under, they can be afflicted with a personality disorder. These disorders can be such a mild version that a person doesn't even notice that they have one. But then there are some that are affected by their disorder to the point that it completely takes over their lives. So much so that they are unable to live what's considered a normal life. There are three main ways to be diagnosed with a personality disorder. The first is a physical exam, this will determine if there is an underlying medical problem. The exam can include lab tests and possible screening for alcohol and/or drugs. The next step is a psychiatric evaluation. During this evaluation the patient and their doctor should discuss the patient's feelings, their thoughts, and of course their behavior. This evaluation can include a survey in regards to the patient and can include their ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 28. The Personality Of A Personality Disorder During many years and even today, society has wonder about some of the personality disorders. Every time they hear about those disorders people tend to think that there is murder and abuse involve and that those people are dangerous to society. Since people lack knowledge about the different types of personality disorders, they tend to lack the ability to deal with those type of people. There has always been questions about the symptoms, causes, treatment and involvement in society that involve the Antisocial, Anxiety and Narcissist disorders. We hear about these disorders everywhere, in media and in everyday life. However, we do not completely understand these disorders to the extent to know what kind of people live around us. First of all, the antisocial personality disorder is one of the most common disorder that many people have the least knowledge. Another name to the antisocial personality disorder is Sociopath. Since this disorder is antisocial, the symptoms that involve this disorder reflect some lack of involvement in society. "Disregard of right and wrong" is one of the symptoms that involve the lack of involvement in society. Since an antisocial does not acknowledges between right and wrong, the involvement in criminal activity is common. These people can also be "persistent lying or deceit to exploit others, being callous, cynical and disrespectful of others, using charm or wit to manipulate others for personal gain or personal pleasure, arrogance, a sense of ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 29. Personality Disorders : What Causes A Personality Disorder? Personality disorders is a deeply ingrained pattern of behavior of a specified kind, typically manifest by the time one reaches adolescence and causing long term difficulties in personal relationships or functioning in society. Someone with personality disorder not only effects the person with it but the love ones as well. A question that is always raised while talking aboutpersonality disorder is what causes a personality disorder? Some doctors and professor believe that things happen in a person's early childhood. Then you have the scientist that feel as though it is a genetic thing. Stated in an article by MF Lenzenweger he stated that there is 9.0 to 15.7 percent of the US population has been diagnosed with personality disorder. There are numerous types of personality disorders. The more common three are Cluster a, b, and c. Inside each cluster there are disorders that fall into that category. Some quick prevalence of PPD is that 2.5% of the US have PPD. PPD lands in cluster a. The problem with personality disorders is that it doesn't always have precise numbers nor can anybody explain how these disorders become upon individuals. Doctors and scientist both have different ways an individual can contract personality disorders. I am interested in this topic because it isn't known as to where personality disorder comes from and to try to pinpoint it will be challenge. In an experiment conducted by Tange Y, Jiange W, Liao J, and Wang W consisted of the testing of ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 30. Avoidant Personality Disorder: Charlie Brown Avoidant Personality Disorder Name : Charlie Brown Source : Charlie Brown ( First Debut October 2, 1950) Background Information : The storyline of Charlie Brown is focused on a very small social circle of young children. One of the main animated character is Charlie Brown who has various insecurities. The author made a common connection between himself and the character. He was a child who others preyed on and made a mockery out of. The comical was used as an example of a great American un–success story, where the character failed at everything he attempted to do. Charlie Brown was always prone to bad luck. Description Of The Problem : People with AvoidantPersonality Disorder commonly ponder on their own shortcomings. They may feel reluctant ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 31. Personality Theories Of Personality Disorders There are many different theories of personality which scientists have developed in order to help explain how people think, feel, and behave. The trait theory of personality is one that attempts to explain personality by identifying patterns of behavior that include relatively stable characteristics which in turn causes individuals to consistently behave in particular ways (Funder, 2015). While personality may change due to different situations or states, the trait theory proposes that overall personality characteristics are relatively constant and result in a person reliably acting a certain way. These characteristics, or traits, which remain relatively constant throughout one's life are essential components of one's personality (McLeod,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... There are key differences in each of the clusters of personality disorders. Cluster A has common features of social awkwardness and socially withdrawing from people, leaving them to often times spend time alone. People diagnosed with these disorders often have distorted thinking which in turn leads them to have a hard time trusting others leading to social detachment and discomfort in settings that require them to be social. Cluster B has common features relating to issues with controlling impulses and regulating emotions. People diagnosed with these disorders often act impulsively putting themselves at risk for harm and have trouble regulating their emotions and often don't feel and remorse for their actions. Cluster C has common features in relation to increased levels of anxiety. Anxiety in this category can relate to social anxiety, fear of losing others, and anxiety related to orderliness and following rules. Personality disorders differ from other mental disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorders because of the defining features. Disorders like major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia are mood disorders relating to how an individual thinks and feels, whereas disorders like borderline, paranoid, and narcissistic personality disorder are personality disorders relating to a person's personality and how they act. Individuals with mood disorders have extremes ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 32. Borderline Personality Disorder Though many mental disorders are household names, such as depression or bipolar disorder, many are not nearly as widespread or recognized by today's society. One of the these lesser–known disorders is Borderline Personality Disorder. Called BPD for short, this disorder is characterized by emotional and functional instability. Mood swings and problems maintaining social and familial relationships are quite common. The intent of this write up is to use three different works about BPD to gain a better understanding of how BPD is represented in different types of media, with emphasis on content, style, and structure. The goal of the study "Multimethod Investigation of Interpersonal Functioning in Borderline Personality Disorder" was to see what ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... It is divided into relatively short separate sections, starting with the abstract and background. This makes the article easier to read and much more concise. The next sections are more specific, first starting with "Is BPD a bipolar mood condition?" and then addressing Is BPD a unipolar mood condition?". Then the article closes off with a its verdict and closing statement on the issue at hand. This article is written because there is a slight controversy over BPD being a mood disorder due to similarities such as overlapping symptoms, and mood swings. However, this article splits up the argument between polar and unipolar mood disorders, since polar and unipolar disorders have one big dissimilarity: unipolar disorders deal with one emotional stage, while bipolar disorders have two distinct stages. A few reasons as to why BPD is not a bipolar mood disorder are, BPD patients have little reaction to mood stabilizers, their depression is triggered by environment, and BPD patients have problems maintaining relationships. It is harder to describe why BPD is not a unipolar mood disorder, but it is said that BPD is more on the intricate functions rooted within personality than specifically depression or anxiety, since these factors fluctuate often with BPD. One flaw of this article is that the information can ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 33. The Causes Of Antisocial Personality Disorder "Living among us are people with no conscience, no emotions, and no conceptions of love. Welcome to the chilling world of the sociopath." (Stout, 2005) Antisocial personality disorder (APD), also known as dissocial personality disorder, is identification appropriate for individuals who behave with no regard for the rights, safety or feelings of others. Apersonality disorder is a persistent pattern of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that is considerably different from what is considered normal within the person's own culture. Professionals group personality disorders in clusters based on a commonality of symptoms. Antisocial personality disorder is found on Cluster B, which includes personality disorders characterized by symptoms of dramatic or erratic behaviors (Gray, 2011). Antisocial personality disorder is more common in males (about 3 percent of the US population) than females (about 1 percent of the US population) in the general population. APD is highly associated with low financial status and among those living in urban areas. People with the disorder are presumably living in poverty, suffering from a coexisting substance abuse disorder, or racking up extensive criminal records (Grohol, 2010). As with generally all personality disorders, a person must be at least 18 years of age before they can be diagnosed properly with APD. Antisocial personality disorder symptoms will peak during late teenage years and early 20s. The symptoms typically decrease in its ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 34. Histrionic Personality Disorder Running Head: HISTRIONIC PERSONALITY DISORDER Histrionic Personality Disorder Abstract This paper describes the characteristics, causes, diagnosis, and treatment of an individual with Histrionic Personality Disorder (HPD). These individuals display a pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention–seeking behavior. The exact cause of this disorder is not known, but it has been linked to learned and inherited behavior. Diagnosing HPD can be difficult because it is similar to otherpersonality disorders. Part of the focus of treatment is to help the individual uncover the motivations and fears associated with their thoughts and behavior. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The exact cause of histrionic personality disorder is not known, but many mental health professionals believe that both learned and inherited factors play a role in its development. For example, the tendency for histrionic personality disorder to run in families suggests that a genetic susceptibility for the disorder might be inherited. However, the child of a parent with this disorder might simply be repeating learned behavior. Other environmental factors that might be involved include lack of criticism or punishment as a child, positive reinforcement that is given only when a child completes certain approved behaviors, and unpredictable attention given to a child by his or her parents, all leading to confusion about what types of behavior earn parental approval. The diagnosis of histrionic personality disorder is complicated because it may seem like many other disorders, and also because it commonly occurs simultaneously with other personality disorders. The diagnosis of HPD is frequently made on the basis of an individual's history and results from a psychological evaluation. The DSM, a widely used manual for diagnosing mental disorders, requires that five (or more) criteria be met for a diagnosis of HPD. A mnemonic that can be used to remember the criteria for histrionic personality ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 35. The Personality Of Antisocial Personality Disorder Today it is estimated that .6 to 4% of the general population are thought to have antisocial personality. (Thompson, 2014) Antisocial disorder is a personality disorder in which a person may have behavioral deficits or tendencies not accepted as normal by society's standard. Antisocial personality disorder is sometimes also known as sociopathy. Someone who has this disorder may be called a sociopath. Some behavioral deficits seen in sociopaths include, superficial charm, pathological lying, lack of remorse, shallow emotions, and need for stimulation. (Horley, 2014) Unfortunately, Antisocial Disorder still has many unknowns and is in need of more research. Criminal activity, the lifespan of sociopaths, doctors treatments, and levels of the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... MacKenzie discusses in her article how psychopaths are generally internally affected and experience psychological difficulties, whereas sociopaths are not as internally affected, most of the time they are only affected in their relationship with society (2014). To focus further on sociopathic disorder, Dr. Paula MacKenzie discusses this history of the disorder. MacKenzie defines sociopathy as a personality disorder characterized by a lack of social responsibility and failure to adapt to ethical and social standards of the community (Mosby's Medical, Nursing, & Allied Health Dictionary, 2002, p. 1599). After she defines the many personality disorders she discusses in the article, she discusses how much of the research of behavioral disorders began in the 1800's when mental asylums became popular (2014). The first classification of a disorder similar to sociopathy was "manie sans delire" or "insanity without delirium." Even though psychopathy is the disorder that is said to be genetic, there are significant differences in the biological brains of individuals with sociopathic disorder and those without it. In an article by Blair and Cipolotti, an individual with sociopathic disorder was studied and assessed, and the findings are discussed. When the individual was given a CT scan, an enlarged image of the brain was compared to that of a neuro–typical individual. In the visual comparison, there is a clear difference of the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 36. The Narcissistic Personality Disorder Now let's talk about "The Narcissist". How would you feel if someone called you a narcissist? This is a term that's often thrown around during putting someone down or combating someone's overconfidence. It is common for someone who is called a narcissist to feel more than a little insulted, but also for them to just downright reject the notion that their love for themselves is somehow wrong, when it's their oversensitivity to even the slightest criticism or scrutiny, that someone might find out any part of them is not "perfect". The problem I have with labeling someone as a narcissist is the misconception that the traits that most describes a person suffering from narcissistic personality disorder, like; conceited, arrogant, only thinking ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... ("Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) : DSM–IV Diagnostic Criteria," 2015.) Narcissistic Personality Disorder: A pattern of self–centered or egotistical behavior is not caused by current drug or alcohol use, head injury, acute psychotic episodes, or any other illness, but has been going on steadily at least since adolescence or early adulthood and its symptoms include at least five of the following: 1. An exaggerated sense of self–importance (e.g., exaggerates achievements and talents, expects to be recognized as superior without commensurate achievements) 2. Preoccupation with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love 3. Believes he is "special" and can only be understood by, or should associate with, other special or high–status people (or institutions) 4. Requires excessive admiration 5. Has a sense of entitlement 6. Selfishly takes advantage of others to achieve his own ends 7. Lack's empathy 8. Is often envious of others or believes that others are envious of them 9. Shows arrogant, haughty, patronizing, or contemptuous behaviors or attitudes (APA,2013). –("Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) : DSM–IV Diagnostic Criteria," 2015.) Austrian psychoanalyst Otto Rank published one of the earliest descriptions of narcissism in 1911, in which he connected it to self–admiration ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 37. Narcissistic Personality Disorder ( Npd ) Narcissistic Personality Disorder Background Narcissism can be defined as " a mental disorder in which people have an inflated sense of their own importance, a deep need for admiration and a lack of empathy for others. But behind this mask of ultra confidence lies a fragile self–esteem that 's vulnerable to the slightest criticism" (Narcissistic personality disorder, n.d.). With this disorder people generally are unhappy and disappointed when they are not privileged to special favors or given admiration they believe they deserve. With narcissistic personality disorder problems in many areas of life can arise such as work, school, financial affairs, and relationships. Signs and Symptoms Signs and symptoms of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) are based on nine criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual fifth edition. The criteria includes "a grandiose sense of self–importance, a preoccupation with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love, believes that he or she is "special and unique and can only be understood by, or should associate with , other special or high–status people", requires excessive admiration, has a sense of entitlement, is interpersonally exploitative, lacks empathy, is often envious of others or believes that others are envious of him or her, shows arrogant, haughty behaviors or attitude" (Narcissistic personality disorder, n.d.). When looking for signs and symptoms for this disorder, only five of the nine ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 38. Personality Of Personality Disorders And The Wpa Section... Personality disorder has being and issue among therapist and psychiatrist. Also Personality disorder is presently being acknowledged as an essential condition in standard psychiatry over the world. In spite of the fact that it regularly stays unrecognized in customary practice, research studies have demonstrated that it is familiar, makes significant bleakness, is connected with high expenses to administrations and to society, and meddles, generally adversely, with advancement in the treatment of other mental issue. We now have prove that personality issue, as of now arranged, influences around six percent of the world populace, and the contrasts between nations demonstrate no predictable variety. We are likewise getting expanding proof that a few medicines, for the most part mental, are of quality in this gathering of clutters. What is currently required is another characterization that is of more noteworthy worth to clinicians, and the WPA Section on Personality Disorders is at present undertaking this mission. Most Korean psychiatric experts are acquainted with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) characterization system. Although the International Classification of Disease (ICD) is the world order, and subsequently overshadows different groupings, the greater part of the progressions made in the grouping of identity issue in the most recent 30 years have been an immediate result of the presentation of the third amendment of (DSM–III) in ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 39. Overview Of Antisocial Personality Disorder Antisocial Personality Disorder is a mental illness in which an individual's thought process and behavior is dysfunctional and destructive. Many of the individuals show patterns of manipulation, lack of empathy, and participate in criminal and violent behavior, which result in criminal backgrounds. One important aspect of this disorder is that it does not just develop one day; an individual must have shown symptoms and been diagnosed with a disorder called Conduct Disorder before the age of 15. According to the Health Research Funding Organization, Antisocial Personality Disorder affects approximately 3 percent of adult males and 1 percent of adult females that is a little over 3.6 percent of adults, equaling approximately 7.6 million people ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... They feel as though they are more important than anyone around them and lack empathy toward others. Individuals with this disorder exaggerate about their life and their achievements. Narcissistic Personality Disorder is diagnosed based off an individual's symptoms, a clinical evaluation, and a physical exam. Some symptoms of Narcissistic Personality Disorder are similar to those of other personality disorders, such as Antisocial Personality Disorder and the lack of empathy. Another thing that these two disorders have in common is that the cause is unknown, but believed to be caused by childhood abuse, neglect, poor parenting, and possibly a link with ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...