The document discusses equivalent fractions. It explains that equivalent fractions are fractions that are equal to each other, such as 1/2 and 2/4. Fractions are equivalent if the same operation, such as dividing or multiplying, is performed on both the numerator and denominator. Examples show determining if fractions are equivalent by checking if the same operations, like dividing both numbers by 2 or 3, results in equal fractions. The key idea is that any operation on the top number must also be done on the bottom number to check for equivalence.