this weedicide effects on the Plants, animals and Human. How different chemicals effects humans life. Information of different weedicide.

1. Technical information
regarding current herbicides &
Harmful Effects of Weedicides

2. a CONTENTS
1 Weedicide definition
2 Effect of weedicides on weeds
3 Effect of weedicides on major crops
4 Effect of weedicides on water
5 Effect of weedicides on animals and humans
6 Effect of weedicides on environment
7 Examples

3. Weedicides definition
 Weedicides are the chemicals which are
sprayed over field to get rid of weeds. They
will not show any effect on crop plants.
 Two popularly used weedicides are 2,4-D
Ethyl ester, Neem extract, Glyphosate etc.
Weedicides definition

4. Effect of weedicides on weeds
 Weeds become resistant against chemical by frequent use.
 Resistant weeds can often survive application of
herbicide at rates that are much greater than the
recommended rate.
 weeds with multiple herbicide resistance at multiple sites
of action will likely emerge soon after the widespread use
of these herbicides (Bell et al., 2013). This may then lead
to an additional increase in herbicide use and additional
unintended side effects.

5. Examples
 Triazine-resistant:
population Chenopodium album,
43 dicotyledons and 18 monocotyledons weed
species have develop resistance against this herbicide.
 Synthetic auxin resistance:
14 weed species develop resistance against this.

6. Effect of weedicides on major crops
 Herbicides, are chemicals which are harmful to plants.
herbicides can be selective (only kill certain types of
plants) or non-selective (kill all types of plants).
 Non-selective weeds also damage the main crop
 Herbicides cause stress on main crops.
 Due to chemical stress the yield decreased.

7. Example
 Glyphosate is toxic to both monocotyledonous plants (such
as grasses) and dicotyledonous plants (most broad leaf
plants). Uptake and translocation of glyphosate in plants is
enhanced by surfactants in the formulated product.
 Glyphosate and its breakdown product AMPA inhibit
antioxidant enzyme activities and induce the accumulation
of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that induce physiological
dysfunction and cell damage (Gomes et al., 2016).

8. Weedicides affect on photosynthesis
• The weedicides and herbicides are metabolic
inhibitors, inhibiting the metabolic pathways as
well as photosynthesis.
• Some weedicides also cause phloem cells'
proliferation so as to block the transport of
plants' food materials.

9. (CONTINUE’D)
• Photosynthesis is the major biochemical process
occurring in photoautotrophic organisms and is
known to be affected by various anthropogenic
factors.
• Some herbicides were found to directly interrupt
photosynthetic electron transport. For example,
3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea
(DCMU) is known to block the electron flow
between QA and QB by competing for QB
binding sites (Tóth et al., 2005).

10. (CONTINUE’D)
• Other herbicides, such as glyphosate, will affect
photosynthesis indirectly by inhibiting the
biosynthesis of carotenoids, chlorophylls, fatty
acids, or amino acids (Fedtke and Duke, 2005).
As an EPSPS competitive inhibitor, glyphosate
blocks the shikimate pathway, inhibiting the
biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in plants,
including compounds related to photosynthesis,
such as quinones (Dewick, 1998).

11. Pesticide Interactions in Crop
Production
• Herbicides that inhibit carotenoid biosynthesis react at several sites, although there
appears to be a few common sites that are susceptible to attack. Regardless of the role
of amino acid depletion, synthesis of two different amino acid classes are known to be
strongly inhibited by herbicides: the aromatic amino acids and the branched chain
amino acids.
• For plant cells to remain functional, their membrane systems, particularly the plasma
membrane that separates the cytoplasm from the extracellular space must remain intact.
• The two herbicides that have their action at photosystem I of the photosynthesis light
reaction are paraquat and diquat. The only synthetic herbicide that is known to inhibit
glutamine synthetase is glufosinate.

13. Quantity of weedicides
 The use of more quantity of weedicides that are
recommended it damage the major crop plant
 Example
Wheat crop mostly affected

14. Methods of application
 Methods of application of weedicides also affected the
main crop.
 The proper method not used to apply the weedicides.
 Lack of knowledge.

15. Non-Selective Vegetation Removal
 Some types of herbicides are non-selective. This
means the chemicals kill all types of vegetation, not
just weeds.
 When using a non-selective herbicide, labour should
avoid spraying the product on plants they wish to
keep.
 In addition, applications should be avoided when it is
windy, since breeze can cause the herbicide spray to
drift onto non-target plants.

16. Example
 Paraquat
 Glyphosate

17. Water Runoff
 Rain or irrigation can sometimes carry herbicides into
unintended areas. This is problematic when the herbicides
enter waterways.
 Herbicides not intended for aquatic use can have detrimental
effects on fish, amphibians and aquatic vegetation. Even
herbicides intended for aquatic use can have a detrimental
effect on the water.
 For example, the glyphosate-based products have "inevitable"
reduction effects on aquatic population levels.

18. Effect of weedicides on the environment
 Most of the weedicides affects the animals
as well as environment by changing the
accessibility of habitat and upsetting a
creature’s food source.
 herbicides may take it troublesome for a
few types off birds, insect and different
animals to survive.

19. Effect of weedicides on the humans
Cancer
Austin and ADHD
Endocrione Disruptors