How Internet Works

1. HOW INTERNET WORKS
A Seminar by
M-SATISH KUMAR

2. INTRODUCTION
 The Internet was created by the Advanced Research
Projects Agency (ARPA) and the U.S. Department of
Defense for scientific and military communications.
 The Internet is a network of interconnected networks.
Even if part of its infrastructure was destroyed, data
could flow through the remaining networks.
 The Internet uses high-speed data lines, called
backbones, to carry data. Smaller networks connect to
the backbone, enabling any user on any network to
exchange data with any other user

3. CONTENT:
 DIFFERENT STAGES INVOLVED.
 DIFFERENT NETWORK COMPONENTS.
 PUBLIC AND PRIVATE IP ADDRESS.
 INFORMATION ABOUT MOBILE IP.

4. DIFFERENT STAGES INVOLVED

6. FIND DNS SERVER

7. FIND DESTINATION SYSTEM

8. DIFFERENT HARDWARE COMPONENTS
ROUTERS:A router is a networking device that forwards
data packets between computer networks
GATEWAYS:A gateway is a node in a computer
network, a key stopping point for data on its way to or
from other networks

9. SWITCH:A network switch is a computer
networking device that connects devices together on
a computer network, by using packet switching to
receive, process and forward data to the destination
device.
HUB: Hub is the most basic networking device that
connects multiple computers or other network devices
together

11. IP ADDRESS
 In order to communicate across the Internet, a
computer must have a unique address.
 Every computer on the Internet has a unique numeric
identifier, called an Internet Protocol (IP) address.
 Each IP address has four parts – each part a number
between 0 and 255. An IP address might look like this:
205.46.117.104.

12. PUBLIC AND PRIVATE IP
 Computers on private LANs do not need a public IP
addresses, since they do not need to be accessed by the
public.
 Therefore, certain addresses that will never be registered
publicly are reserved. These are known as private IP
addresses, and are found in the following ranges:
 From 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
From 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
From 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255

13. NAT PROTOCOL

14. DHCP PROTOCOL

15. MOBILE INTERNET
Mainly there are two types of sources:
1) Wifi
2)Mobile Data

18. Major Features of the Internet
• The World Wide Web
• E-Mail
• News
• Telnet
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
• Internet Relay Chat (IRC)