a powerpoint presentation on CHILD LABOUR

1. CHILD LABOUR
Made By;-SASHIKANT TIWARI

2. The change starts within each one of us, and ends
only when all children are free to be children.” –
Craig Kielburger
• Families with normal lives
and a steady income have
parents who go to work and
children who go to school
and have time to play.
• This is not the case for the
218 million child laboures
who daily find themselves
working long hours under
harsh, dangerous and
exploitative conditions.

3. What is child labour??
• Child labour means work that is done by children
under the age of 15 (14 in some developing countries)
which restricts or damages a child's physical,
emotional, intellectual, social and/or spiritual growth.

4. • Social exclusion and discrimination are important
factors that keep children out of school and force
them to work.
Ending poverty and increasing access to education
are therefore crucial tools in the fight against ending
child labour.

5. Why should we care?
• . "Our greatest natural resource is the
minds of our children." - Walt Disney
Because of their unique and vulnerable
position, children are denied the basic
working rights and wages given to adults

6. Child Labour- Facts and Figures
• India has the largest number of working children in the world (60- 115
million)
• Estimated 15 million children are bonded labourers* (latest figures
from Human Rights Watch -1999)
• 400,000 children in hazardous industries
• About 300, 000 children, aged 5 to 15 – forced to work in carpet
industry
• 100,000 children, in the age group 6-14 years, are working in the
diamond industry
• About 5000 children, in the age group of 5- 16 years are employed in
the silk industry of southern Karnataka
• Child Prostitution: 15% of India’s estimates 2.3 million prostitutes are
children

7. • Globally, 218 million children are child labourers.
• 126 million of these children are engaged in hazardous
work.
• 73 million working children are less than 10 years old .
• Every year, 22,000 children die in work-related accidents.
• The largest number of working children-122 million-are in
theAsia-Pacific region.

8. INDUSTRIES EMPLOYING CHILD LABOUR
• Agriculture
• Beedis
• Brassware
• Mining
• Fireworks
• Gemstones
• Glassware
• Silk and Textile Industry
• Stone Quarries
• Prostitution
• Fireworks and Matches
• Carpets
• Domestic Workers
• ………

9. What is bonded labour?
There are 3 types of Bonded Labour:
• The first is when a child inherits a debt carried by his or
her parents.
• Another form of bonded labour occurs when a child is
used as collateral for a loan. For example, a parent facing
an unusually large or urgent expense would use this
method to obtain necessary money.
• Finally, a child worker can enter into bondage to their
employer by requesting an advance on future wages they
expect to earn.

10. CAUSES OF CHILD LABOUR

11. Poverty
• Poor families need to keep as many family
members working as possible to ensure income
security and survival. This makes it very difficult
for poor families to invest in their children's
education. In fact, educating a child can be a
significant financial burden.
In many instances "free" public education is in
fact very costly to a poor family.

12. EDUCATION
• Poor families are expected to purchase books, school
supplies and uniforms, and sometimes even pay
teachers' wages.
• Many poor families weigh the cost of sending their
children to school against the cost of the income lost
by sending their children to work.
• Many children live in areas that do not have adequate
school facilities, so they work. Many countries do not
have free compulsory education for all, which is an
obstacle to sending working children to school.

13. What needs to be done?
The international community has the funds to provide
free primary education-a necessary tool to combat
child labour.
• Better access to education
• Social awareness and activism
• The rehabilitation of child labourers.
• Legislation and proper enforcement child labour
laws

14. • In turn, governments need to devote
resources to education so that: Schooling is
compulsory, of good quality and relevance,
and is of little or no cost to poor families.
• Success Story: In 1994, Malawi made primary
education free. From one academic year to
the next, enrolment increased by roughly 50
percent, and more of the new students were
female than male.

15. Some initiatives that can be effective in
combating child labour:
• Improving child labour legislation and laws
• Enforcement of child labour legislation and laws
• Increasing quality, relevance and access to education
• Vocational training
• Equality for women and girls
• Replace child workers with adults
• Am I wearing a child’s work?

16. How do you know if what you are
buying was made using child labour?
• Consumers should check if labels state that
the product is union made.
• Watch for the labels of campaigns such as
Rugmark who is working to end child labour
in the carpet industry and Fairtrade Mark.
• These types of labels provide a guarantee that
children were not involved in the production
of the item.
• If you don't know ...ask! The sales staff may
be able to provide you with the information
you need. Then contact the company
explaining your concern.

17. The Situation Today
• There are 28 million fewer child labourers
than there were four years ago!
• This means that the work being done to stop
child labour is truly creating positive change.
• But there is still much more to be done.

18. What can we do?
 Short Term- Immediate Goal
 Awareness Generation
Increase awareness in your group, town, city through presentations, group
discussion sessions etc
Hold awareness generation programmes this June 12th , marking ILO’s
World Day Against Child Labour
 Campaigns
Demand that Govt. of India ratify ILO C182 convention
Demand State Govts., district collectors, factory inspectors enforce
relevant laws
 Medium Term
 Social Labeling, similar to Rugmark campaign
 Support NGOs working for rescue and rehab
 Insist on “no child labour” policy in all of our projects’ supply chain
 Long Term
 Support livelihood generation processes
 Organization of processes for enforcement of relevant laws

19. Laws in India
Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986
The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act was enacted
in 1986 and defines a child as "a person who has not completed
their fourteenth year of age."
Exceptions/ Loopholes of this law:
•Only prohibits child labour in twenty-five “hazardous” industries
(hazardous – only as defined by adult labour standards)
•Glaring loopholes and exceptions allow employers to violate the
principles of this law e.g. child members of the employer’s family
can be employed in such occupations - many employers use
“extended family” child members as labourers
•Tacitly allows use of child labor, even in hazardous occupations
or industries.
•The act is also inapplicable to government-sponsored programs

20. • Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976
• Abolishes the "bonded labour system" and covers all of the
many permutations of the bonded labor system in modern
India.
• Other Laws
• Factories Act, 1948
• Beedi and Cigar Workers Act, 1966
• Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes Prevention of Atrocities
Act, 1989
• Inter-State Migrant Workmen Act, 1979
• Contract Labour Act, 1970
• Minimum Wages Act, 1948
• Plantation Labour Act, 1951
• Apprentices Act, 1961
• Shops and Establishments Act, 1961

21. Remember