Unit 2. the classification of living things

1. UNIT 2:
THE CLASSIFICATION
OF LIVING THINGS

2. We classify living things into
groups called kingdoms. There
are five different kingdoms:
- Monera - Plant
- Protoctista - Animal
- Fungi

3. 1. THE MONERA KINGDOM
SHAPES
They are unicellular
organisms: they
don`t have bodies.
The shape of the
cell varies.
NUTRITION
Heterotrophs: Some
monerans produce a
substance that
breaks down plant
and animal matter.
Autotrophs: Other
monerans make their
own food
REPRODUCTION
They
reproduce by
dividing.
MOVEMENT
Some monerans have a
tail to move. Others
don`t move.
Bacterias

4. 2. THE PROTOCTISTA KINGDOM
SHAPES
They can be
multicellular
or unicellular. You
need a microscope
to see the
unicellular algae.
NUTRITION
Algae contain
chlorophyll and
carry out
photosynthesis
to produce food.
Algae
REPRODUCTION
They reproduce
by dividing or
by spores.
MOVEMENT
They move in
different ways.
(pseudopods, cilia…)

5. 3. THE FUNGI KINGDOM
SHAPES
Most fungi are
multicellular
organisms.
They consist of a
cap, stem and
hyphae.
NUTRITION
They produce a
substance that
breaks down
plant and
animal matter.
REPRODUCTION
They produce
spores that are
carried by the
wind.
Mould Mushrooms

6. 4. PLANTS
Seed plants:
they reproduce
by seeds
Plants
Non-seed plants:
They don`t have seeds.They reproduce by a special
cells called spores.
Ex. Fern and mosses
Angiosperms: They produce flowers
(flowering plants)
Gymnosperms: They produce cones
(conifers)

7. Molluscs
Cnidarians
Invertebrates: Porifera
they don´t have Echinoderms
a spinal cord Arthropods
Annelids
5. ANIMALS

8. MOLLUSCS
- They have soft bodies and
most have a hard shell.
-They breathe through gills,
and reproduce by eggs.
Some also have tentacles.
CNIDARIANS
-They have a soft body.
-They have tentacles.
- They absorb oxygen
through their skin.
jellyfish
PORIFERA
-They have a soft body with
holes called pores. They
absorb oxygen and nutrients
through the pores.
- They reproduce by
forming a bud.
s sponges
ECHINODERMS
-Their bodies are covered
with sharp spikes.
-Some also have arms and
tentacles.
-Some echinoderms have
gills and others absorb
oxygen through their skin.
starfish
ARTHROPODS
-They have an
exoskeleton.
-They use trachea to
breathe.
-They are oviparous.
Insects spiders crustacean
Mussels snails oyster
INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS
ANNELIDS
-They have a long, soft body
divided into segments.
-Some annelids absorb
oxygen through their skin and
others have gills.
-They are oviparous but they
can reproduce by budding.
Worms leeches

9. 5. ANIMALS
Mammals
Reptiles
Vertebrates: Fish
they have a Birds
spinal cord. Amphibians

10. MAMMALS
Their body is
covered by skin
and hair.
BODY RESPIRATION
EXTREMITIES
REPRODUCTION
They have
lungs.
They are viviparous.
Female mammals
produce milk to feed
their babies.
Terrestrial mammals
have four legs.
Aquatic mammals
have fins.
Many mammals also
have a tail.

11. REPTILES
BODY RESPIRATION
EXTREMITIES
REPRODUCTION
They have scales.
Some reptiles
have a hard shell
(turtles)
They have four
legs.
(Snakes don`t
have legs)
They are
oviparous.
They have
lungs.

12. FISH
BODY RESPIRATION
EXTREMITIES
REPRODUCTION
They breathe
with their gills.
They are
oviparous
They have a long
body covered
with scales
They have fins
and tail.

13. BIRDS
BODY RESPIRATION
EXTREMITIES
REPRODUCTION
They are
oviparous.
Birds have
feathers. Their
bones are thin
and light to fly.
They have four
extremities: two
legs and two
wings.
They have
lungs.

14. AMPHIBIANS
BODY RESPIRATION
EXTREMITIES
REPRODUCTION
When they are young
they have gills.
When they become
adults, they have
lungs.
They are
oviparous.
They have
thin, smooth
skin.
They have four
legs.
Many amphibians
also have a tail.