The Argument Against The Treaty Of Versailles

The Argument Against The Treaty Of Versailles
For proof that the Treaty of Versailles had a large effect on the advent of a second European war, we
needn't look further than the advent of Hitler and the National Socialist Party in Germany. In his rise
to power, Hitler stood firmly against the Treaty of Versailles and promised to upend and overturn
almost everything relating to it. He called its signing, "the greatest villainy of the century." He
pointed to major punishments that the Treaty of Versailles enacted: the "war guilt" clause, the
dissolution of German colonies and partitioning of German border regions, and the limitation of the
German army, and propelled himself into power and later into war. By voting for Hitler, the German
population was, by proxy, voting against the Treaty of Versailles.
The Treaty of Versailles emasculated the previously strong Germany military; the Reichswehr was
limited to only 100,000 men, the creation of an air force was prohibited, the Rhineland was to be
demilitarized, and the navy was shrunk. The German people did not receive this well. Having ...
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This clause laid out that Germany was responsible for the advent of the First World War and that
they should be culpable for the damages done to the allied nations, therefore, pay reparations. To
have been singled out as solely morally and financially responsible, while there were many other
countries involved enraged the German government and people. The Weimar government was now
faced with the task of paying reparations, which amounted to nearly thirty–three billion USD. The
Weimar government could not meet this demand without printing money, which naturally caused
the value of the German Mark to inflate. This put many Germans into poverty and contribute largely
to the hyperinflation that plagued Weimar in the early 1930s. The constant struggle of the Germans
in Weimar left them greatly distressed and angry with the
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December Soltices And The Winter Solstice And December...
There are different holidays that are celebrated worldwide. Some countries prepare, organize and
celebrate holidays, while others just observe holidays. There is a difference between celebrating and
observing. When a holiday is celebrated that day turns into an event. When a holiday is observed it
is noted as being a special or significant day. June Solstice (a.k.a. Summer Solstice) and the
December Solstice (a.k.a. Winter Solstice) are two holidays that are celebrated by some and
observed by others worldwide. How do the celebrations and observations differ and where?
A solstice is an astronomical event that occurs twice each year in June and December when the sun
is at its greatest distance from the celestial equator. (http://www.dictionary.com/browse/solstice,
n.d.). The term solstice comes from the Latin word solstitium, meaning 'the Sun stands still'.
(http://blog.dictionary.com/summer–solstice/, n.d.). The June Solstice can happen anytime around
June 20 and June 22 and is the longest day of the year in terms of daylight. The December Solstice
can happen anytime around December 20 and December 23 and is the shortest day of the year in
terms of daylight. The dates differ because the earliest sunrise happens a few days before, and the
latest sunset takes place a few days after. (https://www.timeanddate.com/calendar/december–
solstice–customs.html, n.d.).
June Solstice in Washington, D.C. was on Wednesday, June 21, 2017, at 12:24 am EDT and at 4:24
Universal

Abuela Advents The Zero Analysis
As Margaret Mead once said, "I learned the value of hard work by working hard". Through climatic
experiences, people come to learn certain lessons that shape what they value. In works of fictional
literature, authors portray the very essence of this through their own character's experiences. Tom
Sawyer from The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain and Constancia from "Abuela Invents
the Zero" by Judith Cofer Ortiz go through experiences that enable them to gain values from the
lessons they have learned. Through their most critical points of experiences, the characters Tom and
Constancia both learn to value those who love them and understand that they must put themselves
aside in order to not hurt them. In the story "Abuela Invents the Zero", the main character,
Constancia, tried to justify her decision of not going to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In witnessing this scene, Tom quickly realizes that his disappearance really hurt Aunt Polly. Tom
later then becomes emotional at the thought that his aunt really does love him, though she is always
hard on him. As a result, he comes to value his dear Aunt Polly, a woman who has served as a
mother to him for all his life. Before he was about to leave, Tom "bent over and kissed the faded
lips" of Aunt Polly (Twain 127). This highly emotional response that was brought out in Tom clearly
shows that he quickly learned to value Aunt Polly. If he did not feel loved, Tom would have simply
left the house, dejected as ever. Though he knew this action was unknown to her, Tom still does so
because he has learned to truly value Aunt Polly Upon learning that his actions have the power to
hurt his aunt, he comes to value his mother–like

Contemporary International System Analysis
The contemporary international system is one of multipolarity, leaning towards non–polarity. The
conclusion of the Cold War saw the international system shift from one motivated by ideology to
one motivated by strategy – an underlying feature of multipolarity. A multipolar system exhibits a
'balance of power' mechanism, in which many states ally to maintain power, without a single force
dominating. The current international system exhibits all of the key characteristics of a multipolar
system – multiple nation–states of influence, alliances which shift on the basis of power and
stability, and international decisions made primarily for strategic terms. Facilitated by the advent of
globalisation, non–state actors possess an unprecedented level of economic, military, and cultural
influence. Their expanded influence in the international system has helped shift it from the
bipolarity of the Cold War era. The advent of globalisation has also introduced a real–time effect
into international relations which has permanently altered the interactions between state and non–
state actors, and the influence they have on the world.
The primary characteristic distinguishing the contemporary international system from past
international systems, and contributing to its description as a multipolar system, is the extensive role
played by non–state actors. Polarity in the international system is identified on the basis of how
many states hold economic, military, and cultural influence, with

Communication And Language Have Evolved Since The Advent
Communication and language have evolved since the advent of the internet, but to what extent?
How does this advancement affect how humans relate to each other and handle conflict? The
internet is relatively new in human history, first developed by the government in the 1960's to help
backup sensitive files, it was then quickly picked up by universities for databases and
communications like email. All along the internet's history, humans have been finding ways to
utilize it to share information and communicate faster. But as the yin and yang would have it, with
all the advantages of the internet, also comes disadvantages. We are able to gain some perspective
on the advantages and disadvantages of the internet on human interaction by ... Show more content
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I believe that humankind will always struggle with our primitive instinct for violence, and never be
able to shake our propensity towards conflict, and worst of all, war. With the inherent violent nature
of humans coupled with the confusion and misunderstandings created by internet communication,
we are heading down a worse path. I didn't grow up with the internet, so I remember a time in
history when all the conversations with friends were spoken in real time. These days, many
conversations turn into arguments because of miscommunication caused by conversing over the
internet. According to Sherry Turkle, when people are communicating "face–to–face", it is
necessary to keep an air of calmness and respect towards the other person. You have to take your
time and put effort into interacting (Turkle). Nowadays, we are at a disadvantage from the lack of
nuance of texting and social media.
We are shying away from in–person, real time conversations due to the habitual use of technological
devices. We only show the world a persona of who we are and what we do through social media.
Author Peggy explains this best when she states, "The risk of performance culture, of the packaged
self, is that it erodes the very relationship it purports to create, and alienates us from our own
humanity" (253). She further makes her point, evidencing studies taken that measure a person's
empathy levels. These studies show human empathy to be declining (253). Empathy

The Advent of Penicillin Essay
The Advent of Penicillin
The advent of penicillin forever changed the world of medicine at its discovery with its ability to
treat diseases, deadly at the time, that are now considered commonplace and easily treatable.
Penicillin was one of the greatest discoveries of the twentieth century, as antibiotics are one of the
most highly prescribed drugs in the world today. Although its discovery is often described as
serendipitous, the process by which it was cultivated was quite meticulous, and continued attention
has been paid to penicillin's further development. It is because penicillin and its derivatives have
played such a vital role in everyday medicine that it is such an important topic. Penicillin works by
virtue of its ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During this time, however, Fleming did meet with Howard Florey, who would later take on a vital
role in the development of penicillin. By the mid 1930s, the advent of sulfa–drugs essentially ended
all of Fleming's research on penicillin. However, during this time period, Howard Florey had begun
research on lysozymes, and took special interest in antibiotics in 1938 after reading Fleming's
original paper. Ernst Chain, working in Florey's lab, carried out many of the initial experiments in
lab mice, all highly successful in treating infections of streptococcus bacterium. Human tests soon
thereafter, also proved penicillin to be highly effective, even in cases in which sulfa–drugs had
failed. However, production of the drug was still a problem, and trials could not be conducted on a
large scale. By this time it was 1941, and although penicillin's benefits had proven, culture mediums
were still only yielding one part–per–million penicillin. With Word War II raging, and resources
becoming scarce, Florey negotiated with the Rockefeller Foundation of the United States to move
himself and a colleague to the United States in order for him to continue his research. This project
would gain added momentum when the United States entered the war, with the development of
penicillin becoming a war project. Shortly thereafter, it was determined that Fleming's original

The Beginning Of A New Church Year
Introduction:
The season of Advent marks the beginning of a new church year. It is a season of preparation.
Advent is a time when we prepare to celebrate the Nativity of Jesus at Christmas. And Advent is
also a time for us to be alert so that we remain prepared for our Lord's return at His Second Coming.
During these four weeks of the Advent season, in the midst of all of our preparedness, we are
reminded that God comes to us – into our sin and brokenness – and gives us a new beginning in our
Lord and Savior, Jesus the Christ.
Our text for today is from the first eight verses of Mark's Gospel, which opens with the
announcement that the beginning is at hand: "This is the beginning of the preaching of the Good
News about Jesus Christ, the Son of God." This beginning, we're told, is announced by John the
Baptizer, who "...came on the scene ...baptizing in the wilderness and proclaiming a baptism of
repentance for the forgiveness of sins."
John's baptizing activity attracted a lot of people. Inhabitants from all over the Judean countryside
and all of Jerusalem went out to the wilderness to be baptized by John and to hear his message about
the coming Savior – the One whose sandal thong he was not worthy enough to untie; the One who
would baptize with the Holy Spirit. John's message was effective and drew great crowds because he
brought people what they needed most: the forgiveness of sins. And he prepared them for something
new that was about to begin – the reign and

The Advent Of Industrialization Was Marked By Increased
The advent of industrialization was marked by increased employment, increased scale in production
in goods and services, as well as a considerable, increased in the realization of profits my huge
industries. The wave of change in industrialization was not only characterized by the large–scale
exploitation of alternative sources of energy that were more efficient but also increased urbanization
and the large–scale exploitation of raw materials most of which were provided by nature. Such
changes continuously had an increase in the degradation of the environment, particularly so as
nations competed to outsmart each other in the and be the forefront in large scale production of
products. The exploitation of energy sources such coal in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The adaptation of the Kyoto Protocol took place in Kyoto Japan in the year 1997 (11th December).
The implementation of the protocol, however, came into effect later in the year 2005 (February
16th). The number of states subscribed to the protocol are currently 192 as Canada 's withdrawal
became effective in 2012 (December). The Kyoto Protocols role has thus been to implement
UNFCC role of combatting global warming through the reduction of the concentration of
greenhouse gas in the atmosphere to a desirable level that would not be necessarily dangerous
(causing interference in the atmosphere and the alteration of the system in the climate) According to
the Protocols article 2, it is entirely based on the principle of common but at the same time
differential responsibility. In essence, the protocol places the obligation of the reduction of
emissions currently in the countries that are developed as they are the ones most to blame for the
high amounts of greenhouse gasses currently present in the atmosphere (Grubb et al 997). The
United States, however, chose to reject the Kyoto Protocol in 2001 when George Bush took
Presidential Office as the

Advent Of The Sasanian Period
1– At the advent of the Sasanian period, Opposition between Zoroastrianism, Sasanian official and
patronized religion, and Semitic religions, specifically Christianism, which traditionally rely on their
holy books, compelled the clergies to give up their mere reliance on oral tradition and commence
writing down the sacred book "Avesta". This radical change very soon required them to generate
exposition and exegesis, namely, Zand and subsequently commentaries on both Avesta and Zand
which led to the prosperity of religious and juridical and consequently other types of Middle Persian
literature. Furthermore, Compiled Avesta in that time not only contained religious subjects but also
covered philosophy, logic, rhetoric, and even natural sciences such as medicine and astronomy
which shows that everything was interpreted in connection with religion and consequently required
explanatory treatises. Moreover, Sasanian kings' exorbitant sponsorship of Zoroastrianism brought
the priesthood endless political and financial power which enabled them to sponsor religious
schools and consequently promoted composition of religious works more than before.
2– After the downfall of Sasanian dynasty, Zoroastrianism's deprivation of administrative power, the
threat of religious conversion, the decrease in the number of priesthood applicants and defect in the
body of the Zoroastrian clerical system not only led to the expedition of religious texts' copying but
also compelled the prominent priests

As The Advent Of The Eighteenth Century Had Came Into...
As the advent of the eighteenth century had came into reality, profound developments in the realm
of the arts began to take hold. Romanticism, as the era was known, shifted the focus from rational
viewpoints to a feel of expressing "...freedom and revolution in their art and politics" (Poets). In
effect, individuality began to take root in writing, an ideal not employed during the reign of
Classicalism. William Wordsworth, one of the numerous promulgators of this era, had set the stage,
writing over the complexity and nature of the world around him. One the most notable poems of
Wordsworth are "London, 1802", which describes the decadence of Great Britain from his point of
view, with notable focuses on its meaning and structure; Wordsworth ... Show more content on
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As a matter of personal opinion, this poem seems peculiar with its prophetic undertones. To explain,
a social divide like the one that is depicted by Wordsworth has been taking place in the United
Kingdom. "Brexit", a referendum to leave the European Union that passed during the summer of
2016, mimics the nationalistic fervor that is exhibited in the poem, especially in phrasing such as
"...raise us up, return to us again..." (Meyer 703). In addition, one can infer that since older
generations of voters swayed the decision, they too have a longing for a revived golden age, much
like the plea that Wordsworth has towards the likes of John Milton, who was before Wordsworth
time. Of course, this notable poem could not only be directed to the United Kingdom, but across the
world as well. Across the many systems of governments, an ideological shift towards the right on
the political spectrum has offered growth in terms of their own nation being the first of concern, and
the rest of the world second. Such a shift tries to revive the golden age that Wordsworth has longed
desired. In essence, the poem exhibits a striking resemblance to the world's current ideological shift.
William Wordsworth, living from 1770–1850, was renowned in his establishment of Romanticism,
with most of his works being shaped by his experiences. Having commenced his education at
Hawkshead Grammar School in 1779, he found his love for poetry while discovering how to
express his delight

German And Native American Culture
All around the world individuals of different descents celebrate Christmas with their own custom
approach. Although my mothers side of the family is part German and Native American, we don't
celebrate any traditions related to our background. I come from the plain old American family who
gets to open one present on Christmas Eve and then sets out cookies and milk for Santa. However, it
may be time to learn a little bit and introduce some traditions to my dull family. German culture has
always seemed appealing to me. In Germany Christmas, or Weihnachten, is considered the
uttermost important holiday of them all. A common tradition specific this culture is Advent. An
Advent wreath, Adventskranz, holds four candles and on each Sunday before

Lego Star Wars 75146 Advent Calendar
Every year for Christmas, families look to add something special, or look to start a tradition in some
way, and what better way to do so than by incorporating something that everyone will enjoy? If you
and your family, or just you in general, are fans of Science Fiction and the Star Wars franchise, then
the LEGO Star Wars 75146 Advent Calendar is perfect for you this Christmas.
What's Included in the Kit
The LEGO Star Wars 75146 Advent Calendar has a box that serves as the scene for display itself,
which is where the assembled pieces that you will be building each day are supposed to go.
Therefore, you're going to need to be careful when you are opening the box, just so you do not
damage it. Once all of the pieces are accounted for and built, ... Show more content on
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Once you have opened all of the doors and assembled each piece that is to be built, you'll have a
complete Hoth, Naboo, and Tatooine miniature adventure set to fully enjoy!
Why This is a Great Buy
For those who are huge Science Fiction buffs, you will notice straight away that this LEGO advent
calendar brings back original characters, and even some of the original ships, from the firs trilogy
that was created for the franchise. If you're a fan of The Force Awakens, and are hoping to find
something from it in this calendar, then you'll probably want to try another.
The age appropriate experience for building is set at around the ages of 6 to 14, but because of the
simplicity of this calendar, anyone can enjoy it, even the smaller children, as long as there is
parental supervision to be had.
One of the best parts about the LEGO Star Wars 75416 Advent Calendar overall, is that it has a
cheap price tag on Amazon. International shipping is available, which ensures that, no matter where
you are in the world, everyone can have the Sci–Fi Star Wars Christmas that they

The Advent Of Industrialized Civilization Essay
The advent of industrialized civilization has brought to us many remarkable feats that enhance our
everyday lives. Such things as automobiles, airplanes, tractors, mainframe computers, and even
relatively simple machines like lawnmowers have intertwined themselves into the everyday culture
of modern day industrialized countries.. These products have provided us enormous benefits
compared to the types of lives our ancestors used to live. In the eyes of some, the consequences of
industrial activities that have evolved around the world will not pose any problems in the future,
however as most have realized, this is not true. Contemporary production processes use fossil fuels
such as oil, which release dangerous amounts of greenhouse gases into our atmosphere. In addition,
certain products such as vehicles are notorious for their inefficient combustion cycles that also
release comparable amounts of certain greenhouse gases into the air. Moreover, emissions from
agricultural practices, land use change and forestry, and other industrial activities have led to
dramatic increases in atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane and other gases since
pre–industrial times. (Fig. 1) The world was quick to act upon this realization by negotiating the
Kyoto Protocol in December of 1997, the result of a process that began by a United Nations led
conference in the early 90s. Since then, the debate for ratification among the negotiating countries
has been ongoing, for the simple

Economic Terms and Healthcare History: Advent of Managed...
Jpz777 03/20/2013 Order # A2088759 Introduction Within the capitalistic economic structure that
defines American commerce, the delivery of healthcare has largely shifted from an emphasis on
public service to the pursuit of commoditized profit generation, but because good health is unlike
any other product on the market the evolution of healthcare economics has been muddled by the
advent of managed care. While the law of supply and demand reigns supreme in the exchange of
traditional goods and services, emergency surgical procedures, prescription medications, and in–
patient care are all provided through a relatively competition–free environment. The traditional
model in which a Primary Care Physician (PCP) served the vast majority of his or her local
community, providing the full spectrum of basic healthcare services from the delivery of infants to
annual immunizations, precluded consumers from exercising that fundamental right guaranteed by
capitalism: the ability to shop for the best deal. Despite the high costs associated with the
microeconomics of the PCP model, Americans largely tolerated the proverbial monopolization of
healthcare delivery because they invested a tremendous amount of trust in their PCPs, who in many
small– to medium–sized towns developed lifelong relationships with patients, assisting their births,
providing pediatric care, administering adult physical examinations, and even providing
convalescent and end–of–life care to members of their community.

The Music Industry : The Advent Of The Internet
The music industry is one of the few industries that have enjoyed complete dominance in their
particular segment from their very beginnings all the way up to the late 1990s. Once the internet
began to take hold, and become available in every home, the music industry began losing ground in
their market segment. Digital downloading through the internet became so popular that record labels
began losing money at a significant rate. Their reaction to illegal downloading has been
controversial, as well as desperate at times. An analysis on the history of the music industry, the
advent of the internet as it applies to the recording industry, and the legal and ethical implications of
their reaction may offer some clarity in how the record labels may move forward and still maintain a
profit.
The music industry has a vast history that has brought music into the homes of people since the
invention of the phonograph in the late 1800s (Borg, 2003). In the beginning, the music industry
was lucrative. The industry was controlled by a small handful of major record labels that had a
monopoly on music mediums. There was only one medium, which was the record album, and they
promoted these records through the radio (Borg, 2003). Back then, the record labels had a tight grip
on the products they were selling. It was very difficult to bootleg a record because transferring a
recording was more expensive than actually purchasing a record (Borg, 2003). Beginning in the
1960s more mediums

Miller's Seventh Day Advent Church
The Seventh–day Advent Church is a movement within Christianity that begun in the early 1800s.
The movement emerged from the larger Millerite movement. William Miller, a Baptist convert,
coined the interpretation of the prophecies concerning Christ's Second Advent. Miller used different
Bible principles in the interpretation of the prophecy. Based on his final analysis, the Second Advent
was to take place on 22nd October 1844. Miller preached the message across the U.S. and many
converts gave their lives to Christ. Those who subscribed to his teachings formed the Millerite
Movement. However, Jesus did not come on the appointed date. More 10,000 believers who had
accepted to the teaching were bitterly disappointed (the great disappointment).

Mechanical Engineering is a field that requires constant...
Mechanical Engineering is a field that requires constant updating. With the advent of new
technology, growing fields, and an unpredictable global market, it takes a lot of divisive planning in
order to "engineer" a career path for myself that is suitable for any number of growing fields. I plan
on acquiring my master's degree in mechanical engineering next semester, so a career plan is what I
need. Choosing the right career takes a lot of careful timing, and it takes a lot of careful and precise
plans in order to create a suitable job prospect. I think that a career in computer manufacturing and
hardware is probably the best choice for me. Since computer hardware is constantly evolving, it's
something that you can count on to stay busy. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 10 years I hope that I am able to sustain a job and keep up with the greatly advanced hardware
that's going to be around, and in 15 years I'm just hoping that I've settle for what I am doing, and
that I am still making a decent salary. The global market is high for hardware engineers. Everything
has computer operating systems now including phones, and cars. Everything is getting smaller, and
the world is always going to be accepting of new technological advances in hardware. In a
competing global market it's a sure fire way to know that I would have some semblance of job
security in the future because I would always be "in" on the creation and design of new hardware for
more compact machines. Industry is going to be technology in 20 years. Everything that's struggling
to conform now is going to be defunct because hardware is advancing at such a rapid pace.
Governments are going to be reliant on technology for means of communicating with each other and
assert global dominance. Every company is going to have to have a division that includes a
hardware engineer because technology is advancing so rapidly, that even the simplest things are
going to include microchips. Hardware engineering is a very good career choice for me because It's
a field that I can most assuredly be safe in. It's not going to die. The field will be forever be
evolving, and changing, and all of the

If You Can Not Preach Like Paul
This hermeneutical journey report will highlight the Swing method provided by Nancy Lamers
Grossman in her book, If You Cannot Preach Like Paul. This particular sermon writing process
focuses on the scripture text John1:1–18, and it will be written and preached in a style that reflects
Anna Carter Florence's Testimonial Methodology.
Choosing the Text:
This particular sermon is being prepared for an evening vesper service on the first Sunday of
Advent. This will be the third service of the day for this particular congregation, and it will follow
the morning services, which will have been guided by the lectionary text for that day. For this
particular service, candle light, and light in general, is a main theme. The congregation will sit
within the sanctuary, and the only light will be from the candle light and Advent decoration. Also,
this service is to help congregation members prepare their hearts for the Advent season in its
entirety. It is a service that marks the beginning of an important journey. I chose the passage
John1:1–18 in an attempt to meet the two main needs that this service requires, light imagery and
preparation for the coming of Jesus. The light is significant in this text because the author refers to
Jesus being the light for the world that sits in darkness, which seemed to me to be a great place to
start for this particular service. Additionally, this passage is the gospel text for this upcoming
Christmas Daily Text reading. I felt that if this is to

John The Baptist
I began the research for this sermon differently than any sermon I had previously done. This was the
first time I would be approaching a dialogue sermon and while we largely agreed we would craft our
own sermons and combine them from there, everything was done in awareness that what I created
would have to be something that could be added to or bounced back and forth with another topic
from this text. It was also the first Advent sermon I would be giving so there were special
considerations for that as well. The text was Matthew 3:1–12 and my first reading did not provide
much encouragement. I typically associate Advent with a season of joy and happiness but after I
read the text the only thing that stood out for me was John the Baptist ... Show more content on
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It would be a fitting message as we wait for Jesus in Advent. But I began to think about my
audience and how this message would work for them. The people in the pews are an incredibly
faithful bunch and the more I thought about it, the more I was uncomfortable taking this route. As
John uses the Pharisees and Sadducees to say that Jesus will save everybody, who will the Pharisees
and Sadducees in the modern world as I address my congregation? I would want to let them know
that Jesus will save them all but I worried that by doing that after referencing John's words, my
congregation might think I am likening them to the Pharisees and Sadducees when I certainly would
not want them to think that. I also did not want to point to a group in our culture and say they are
going to be saved as well if they seek Christ through repentance because I did not want to single out
a group that needs more saving than any other group. Calling people to repentance is not commonly
done in the Moravian Church and while I appreciate John's message that Jesus will save you as long
as you repent, I did not think this could be the main point of the sermon. In explaining John's
context, the commentary mentioned that his entire ministry was spent in the wilderness and the
reference to the wilderness

Does Rousseau‚Äôs Du Contrat Social signal the advent of...
Does Rousseau 's _Du Contrat Social_ signal the advent of modern democracy? Or does it represent
a dangerous recipe for the suppression of individual human freedom? Rousseau 's social contract is
often likened to modern democracy, however, most political ideologies can be likened to one
another in some form and one doesn 't have to dig deep before they find some major differences
between the two ideologies. In his writing, Rousseau tries to develop an ideology that maintains
humans individual freedom, but in a social way. However his ideology is full of flaws and is
missing a key ingredient for implementation into human life. In order to understand these flaws one
must explore the features of his ideology. Firstly in order to understand ... Show more content on
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He calls the relationship between a master and a slave aggregation whereas he calls the relation
between a people and their leader an association. Rousseau emphasises the importance of the
difference between these relationships in saying that a master and his slave have no bond of union,
whereas a people is already a whole before they come to the unanimous decision of electing their
leader to execute their will. (Keens–Soper, 1988, p.176). Rousseau further justifies the freedom of
the individual by stating that, each man having given himself to the whole has given himself to no
one. (Keens–Soper, 1988, p.178). While one can see positives to this unity it is impossible to ignore
that men remain private individuals with private interests. Rousseau 's solution to this problem is to
fashion the members of the group in such a way that they develop and incorruptible identification
with their state. This would require a massive level of prevention in the form of not allowing
anything to come between the citizen and the state. Rousseau realises that the general will is
constantly threatened by individual will, which has the power to dissolve the unity of the group. Part
of protecting the unity is a strict and unwavering dedication to equality within the group. (Keens–
Soper, 1988, p.183). The extreme necessity for unity can be seen in Rousseau 's view that any
member who violates the social contract would need to be

Pop Culture Summary
"Popular forms of entertainment have always existed." Popular culture exists not just in the recent
hundred years, but also in the ancient world. Marcel Danesi wrote 'Popular Culture: Introductory
Perspectives' to introduce different way of existence of the modern–day popular culture, in order to
open up debates on the pop culture. There are twelve chapters in this book, the first three chapters
are providing an overview of popular culture. The following eight chapters are depth discussion on
the forms of popular culture, including the advent of the media, the relationship between media and
pop culture, also the impact of different forms of popular culture on the society. The last chapter is a
conclusion on the previous eight chapters, also a prospect of popular culture on the Internet. Marcel
Danesi raised a question 'What is pop culture?' at the beginning which is linked with another
question 'Who owns pop culture?', as we know pop culture is populist, unpredictable, and
ephemeral, so how to determine who is the owner of pop culture. The fact that popular culture is
created by people, but also for people, so popular culture represents the taste of a generation. In the
following eight chapters, Marcel Danesi provided comprehensive information about the forms of
popular culture, also stated his views towards different forms of popular culture. However, there is
common feature regarding the forms of pop culture. Marcel Danesi stated that technology is the key
element of pop

Advent of Industrialization Essay
The advent of industrialization in the early nineteenth–century had wide reaching impacts on
economics, politics, society and demographics. The transition from an agrarian and feudal system of
production to an industrial and capitalistic system brought about many changes to the lives of
Europeans. Some of these changes include gender issues, immigration, medicine, the rise of liberal
and socialist politics, and the rise of some famous political movements. In the following essay I will
expand upon some of the many ramifications that industrialization brought to fruition.
Before the advent of industrialization much of European production was focused on agriculture for
practical reasons. A nation must produce enough food to feed its ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The price of beef, tea and sugar had also come down, allowing many middle class families to enjoy
these luxuries in their diet.
The middle class may have seen some positive changes during this time period, but the working
class was not nearly as fortunate. Conditions for the working class were terrible and unsanitary.
Many working class families were crowded into small apartments with dirt floors, no indoor
plumbing, and their general lot in life was quite miserable. I remember our book talking about the
filth from chamber pots, the mold and mildew that grew rampantly inside these dwellings, and the
lack of sanitation. Their diet was also a sad tale. While the middle class could afford beef and sugar,
the working class was forced to subsist mainly on bread. This lack of protein and necessary vitamins
and minerals would have put them at a much higher risk for disease and malnutrition.
The division in quality of life gave rise to a set of political principles and ideologies known as
liberalism. The liberal movement in thought, politics, and social constructs can be seen in popular
political movements of the mid–nineteenth–century. The Charter Movement in Great Britain can be
seen as an example of the liberal democratic movements. Chartism sought to obtain universal male
suffrage, secret balloting, removal of a land–owning requirement for

Summary : ' The Night Of Don Corneo '
Tifa and Aerith hadn 't thought they 'd seen the last of Don Corneo. Oh the brawler had hoped that
she might not see the lecherous eyes gleam in that face ever again after the first time, and again after
the second, but as soon as they 'd realized they were going to be sneaking into the place again she
knew it was a possibility that she might end up coming face to face with him once more. She just
hadn 't expected to be doing so like this. They were alone in the room, and any one of them could
take the disgusting man in front of them with ease, but even as they directed varying degrees of fury
at the man with their eyes while he swaggered back and forth on the bed not even Tifa –whose gaze
blazed hottest of all– made a move to do it. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Both Aerith and Tifa had lived in the slums for a time, but Tifa had lived in one of the 'better ' parts
while Aerith had lived far worse off. Tifa had heard of the Honey Bee Inn and the occasional rumor
about the sorts of girls that ended up there, but Aerith had heard of Don Corneo, heard stories of
what the place did to women. Unlike the drunks that talked in that bar, Aerith had known some of
the women who 'd gone in, and when she 'd seen them again (if that moment ever came to pass,
some she 'd simply never seen) they 'd been unrecognizable. Not just make–up or outfits but entire
personalities seemed to change, some more than others, but all in the same direction of loving their
work and somehow the Don who 'd brought them in. Aerith had never been able to understand it,
and it frightened her a little... To her, Don Corneo had been something of a boogeyman she 'd built
up in her head, an entity more supernatural than humanoid with strange abilities that turned rational
sensible women into the willing whores that worked in his debauched palace. She 'd stayed as far
away as she could for as long as she could, and when she had finally gone close, it had only been
with Cloud at her side, strong and ready to protect her, and while Tifa was strong, she could see the
helpless anger in her friend 's eyes, and knew that strength was hampered by this place, by this man
that stood before them. In any other situation, Aerith might have stepped up first, but this

Abuela Advents The Zero Analysis
"Wisdom is the reward for surviving our own stupidity," said Brian Rathbone, author of countless
number of books. This universal idea about development in people is also depicted in literary works.
Authors of literary pieces strive to portray how character's development in their story correlates with
humans in the real world developing through possibly bizarre past experiences. In Mark Twain's The
Adventure of Tom Sawyer and Judith Cofer Ortiz's "Abuela Invents the Zero," the characters are
faced with their own internal conflicts while facing people they encounter in certain circumstances.
However, it is through these internal conflicts that come from the individual experiences in their
lives that the character learn the value of building relationships ... Show more content on
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After Constancia ignores Abuela when she needed her help most at church which resulted in her
grandmother in tears, Constancia thinks she "understand how [she] made Abuela feel" (Ortiz 4).
Due to the conflict that Constancia caused, she is forced to rethink her actions that were bestowed
upon her grandmother, making her fight to realize the importance of her grandmother. She learns
that the worst thing a person can do to a family member is to completely outcast them, as which
Constancia did to Abuela. Throughout this incident, Constancia learns to respect her family
members as they all have a major impact in her life. Likewise, after Constancia's mother discovers
what had happened during the church service, Constancia was sent to her "room to consider a
number [she] hadn't thought much about" (Oritz 4). Constancia was forced to look at the importance
of her grandmother after getting in serious trouble and being sent back to her room. Constancia
undoubtedly thought intensely about the topics in which resulted in her punishment, however, being
sent to her room made her think about how important her relationships with not only her friends, but
also her family were. This ultimately teaches her the value of her relatives and her relationships with
them, which she evidently did not care for before. Internal conflicts that fought inside of Constancia
end up transforming from only caring about having fun with her friends to valuing the importance of
every family member in her

The Advent Of The Insurance Industry
Thomas Ryan
Mrs. Rideout
Securities and Insurances
1/11/16
The Advent of the Insurance Industry
As modern society emerged, insurance became a necessary factor in life. We as a population became
overly aware of the many dangers of life. Not only did these dangers represent a hazard to our lives,
but our posessions as well. Aspects of our lives like our homes, vehicles, and health represent a
majority of the coverage in the modern insurance industry. However, when studying the industry, it
is important to understand the emergence as well as the outcome. Even though different forms of
insurance can be traced back to the first millenium, the first notable industry began in Europe. The
first noted insurance contracts originated in 14th ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The company set out to insure brick and frame homes at first. Initially, 5,000 homes were insured by
Barbon's agency. After Barbon's initial success, many similar companies followed suit. Much like
most economic trends, success is ultimately followed by competition. At first, each property
insurance company employed their very own fire unit to fight the impending hazards. They also
began distributing "Fire insurance marks" to their customers. These marks were displayed above
doorways to represent ownership of fire insurance. This way, the employed fire unit would know
what houses to save in the event of an incident. This system was soondubbed a bad idea, as rival
units often ignored burning buildings once they discovered they did not carry their partner's
insurance policy. Eventually, a solution was agreed upon in which all the insurance companies
would pay their resources to a municipal authority. This authority would then use the combined
money and equipment to fight all fires throughout the territory. This did not solve the problem
entirely, as the different units still tended to favor saving insured buildings to those without any
insurance at all. In Colonial America, the first insurance company that underwrote fire insurance and
was formed in Charles Town, South Carolina in 1732. In 1752, Ben Franklin founded the
Philadelphia Contributionship for the Insurance of Houses. Franklin 's company made contributions
toward fire

Essay About Germany
Hallo. Mein Name ist Laura. Ich lebe in Mishawaka, Indiana, und ich besuche Königin der Friedens
Katholischen Schule. Ich bin in der achten Klasse. Ich schreibe einen Forschungsbericht über mein
Erbe. Ich wünsche Ihnen viel Spaß beim Lesen. Auch, frohe Weinachten!
My great–great–great–grandfather (from my mom's side) came over to the United State in the 1850s
from Germany. We aren't clear on where exactly he lived, or where he went after that, but we do
know he was from Germany.
Before we get into the report, I think we should learn more about Germany as a country. Germany
has has a few main rivers: the Rhine, the Danube, the Elbe, and the Moselle. There are a few
mountain ranges on the border of the country. These mountain ranges ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
There are some aspects that have predominantly Christian themes, but there is no outright
worshipping. For example there are the Sternsingers, or Star singers. From December 27th through
January 6th the singers go to house to house singing songs and collecting money for charity. There
are for kids. 3 dress up like Magi and the other one carries a star to symbolize start back on. When
they are done singing they sign the door frame like this, 20*M*C*B*17. It is considered to be bad
luck to wash the sign away, but it can fade away by itself.
On December 1, a Christmas market was evacuated, due to a potential terrorist threat. Last year, a
package exploded at a Christmas market, and ISIS claimed responsibility for the attack. As a result,
more police officers were stationed there this time of year again out of fear of another attack. Well,
they found a suspicious looking package outside a pharmacy, and decided to close down the entire
market. Officers x–rayed the box and inside saw a large cylinder with multiple nails in it. They were
able to properly dispose of the package. No one was injured, but it is still unclear whether it could
have detonated or not, or it it was meant for the pharmacy or the market. There is also no indication
of terrorism or any other motive.
On October 31, German train company, Deutsche Bahn, decided to name a train after the young
diarist, Anne Frank. This has prompted an outcry. Merja

The Advent of Imperialism Essay
The Advent of Imperialism
We live in a world today in which the consequences of nineteenth–century Western imperialism are
still being felt. By about 1914 Western civilization reached the high point of its long–standing
global expansion. This expansion in this period took many forms. There was, first of all, economic
expansion. Europeans invested large sums of money abroad, building railroads and ports, mines and
plantations, factories and public utilities. Trade between nations grew greatly and a world economy
developed. Between 1750 and 1900 the gap in income disparities between industrialized Europe and
America and the rest of the world grew at an astounding rate. Part of this was due, first, to ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Competition for trade, superior military force, European power politics, and a racist belief in
European superiority were among the most important. Some Europeans bitterly criticized
imperialism as a betrayal of Western ideals of freedom and equality.
Western imperialism produced various reactions in Africa and Asia. The first response was simply to
try to drive the foreigners away. The general failure of this traditionalist response then led large
masses to accept European rule, which did bring some improvements. A third response was the
modernist response of Western–educated natives, who were repelled by Western racism and
attracted by Western ideals of national independence and economic progress. Thus, imperialism and
reactions to it spread Western civilization to non–Western lands.
The great test of Western Imperialism is Asia, where vast peoples live, the inheritors of civilisations
as complex as our own, more ancient and more firmly rooted by enduring custom in the general life.
The races of Africa it has been possible to regard as savages or children, "backward" in their
progress along the same general road of civilisation in which Anglo–Saxondom represents the
vanguard, and requiring the help of more forward races. It is not so easy to make a specious case for
Western control over India, China, and other Asiatic peoples upon the same ground. Save in the
more recent

Abuela Advents The Zero Summary
Introductory
Have you ever wondered what shapes people and their values? In "Abuela Invents the Zero" and
"Home", both characters learned lessons of how to treat others. People sometimes do not value
things around them as much as they should such as their family and animals. A lot of people treat
others with no respect such as Constacia from "Abuela Invents the Zero" and Yevgeny from
"Home".Constacia and Yevgeny are both selfish and care about mostly themselves. A person's
values can be shaped by their experiences and the people around them.
Abuela Invents the Zero
In the story, "Abuela Invents the Zero", Constacia treats her grandmother very poorly. The story
states "Anyway, I had seen her only three or four times in my entire life, whenever we would go for
somebody's funeral". She has only seen her grandmother a few times which could be why she does
not have much respect for her. She should respect her grandmother instead of always treating her
with no respect. The most important thing to Constacia is herself and not her family. The story states
"I should escort la abuela to church. He tells me this on Saturday night as I'm getting ready to go out
to the mall with my friends. No Way". This shows that she would rather do stuff with her friends
instead of taking her grandma to church. People can learn to respect their family from this story. ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When his son is caught smoking, Yevgeny says some very hurtful words to his son. He says "I am
very, very much displeased with you! You used to be a good boy, but now I see you are spoilt and
have become a bad one." Yevgeny was treating his son in the worst way possible. He could be nicer
and hear what his son has to say. When people make a mistake, they should be forgiven if it was not
a very bad mistake.
How the values

Introduction. In Recent Times With The Advent Of...
INTRODUCTION In recent times with the advent of globalization and open markets there has been
a significant rise in the number of Multi–National Companies. The reasons why companies are
going global are to access and expand their market, to access resources, to access new talent pool, et
al. This enables to the companies to create greater value to their shareholders and compete
effectively. As companies expand and build their workforce around the world, more often than not
team members are in different geographies. This new reality has made it inevitable to have virtual
teams in many organization. On the other end of the spectrum, with the rise is advanced internet
enabled technologies many firms, especially is the Silicon Valley, are ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Similarly, some of the risks associated with having virtual teams are: The cost involved with
technology: Technology plays a key role in helping virtual teams interact and depending on the type
of technology an organization chooses their cost vary. Team collaboration issues: Working in a
virtual team setup brings with it challenges such as trust issues, accountability issues, ownership
issues, conflicts and lack of collaboration between team members. If managers and leadership do
not manage such situations well, any benefit associated with virtual teams can quickly be
diminished Social isolation and low productivity: Since most of the interactions with virtual teams
tend to be task oriented this can lead to social isolation within the teams. Lack of physical
interaction with team members further degrades the productivity of the team. Managers can build
effective strategies to mitigate the risks associated with virtual teams and build strong, well rounded
productive teams. This paper outlines the strategies the manager can leverage to build strong virtual
teams. The strategies mentioned in the paper are a summary of strategies mentioned in various HBR
and other reputed publications (please refer the references section), further I have supplemented
them with examples from my personal experience in working with virtual teams. STRATEGIES TO
DEVELOP STRONG VIRTUAL TEAMS Prior to my MBA I worked with Intuit as a software
engineer. The software

Advent of the Trojan War Essay
I disagree with this statement, there is evidence a Trojan War or Wars did happen, possibly around
north–western Turkey. Eric Cline from the George Washington University says "The archaeological
and textual evidence indicates that a Trojan War or Wars took place and that Homer chose to write
about one or more of them making it into a great ten–year–long saga".
In the Illiad the Trojan War was fought around 1200–1100 BC. The Illiad was writing by the blind
poet Homer around 750 BC. Helen of Sparta was married to king Menelaus of Sparta. The
Mycenaeans had recently formed a peace treaty with Troy. However this was all to change when
Paris a prince of Troy kidnapped Helen and took her with him back to Troy. Paris had done this
because he ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Until the 19th century it actually was widely believed that Troy and the Trojan War were imaginary.
It was not until 1871 that German–born American citizen Heinrich Schliemann excavated a site in
Turkey. Schliemann surprised many by discovering the lost city of Troy. Although Schliemann did
discover the ruins of Troy destroyed much of the discovery, he 'blasted' his way down into the lower
levels. Schliemann however discovered nine cities at the sight, one on top of the other. Today we
believe that cities six and seven seem to be the cities that the Trojan War was likely to be fought in.
The sixth city is very similar to Homer's Troy. However the city was destroyed in 1250B.C. and
does not appear to have been destroyed by war, but an earthquake. As I have said above in the Illiad
Homer says that the Greeks breached the city walls by hiding in a giant wooden horse. The horse
was possibly a metaphor for Poseidon, a Greek god who was god of the sea and horses. Eric Cline
quotes on this "The suggestion is that Homer knew that the city he was describing had been
destroyed by an Earthquake...but that is not how you want to end your monumental saga...so he
concocted

Has The Airplane Revolutionized Our Society
Our society has been revolutionized greatly over the past century; not the least of which concerns
the advent of both the automobile and the plane. These two mediums of transportation have
profoundly altered our daily lives, pervading every element of our culture. The majority of people
assert that airplanes have served as the catalyst for globalization, allowing great distances to be
traversed with the utmost ease. Nonetheless, keeping in mind that the automobile has been the most
pivotal status symbol in developed nations, and in consideration of its cultural prevalence, one must
consider the car to possess greater societal import.
Be that as it may, the airplane has revolutionized the world as we know it, albeit to a lesser degree
than

Advent Wreath Speech
The Advent Wreath
Introduction
Most have seen the greenery with the candles in December leading up to Christmas, but few know
the truth that surrounds the Advent wreath. Even though it has been used since the Middle Ages, the
true origins of the Advent wreath are unclear. There is some evidence to suggest that pre–Christian
Germanic peoples would use wreaths with lit candles during the depressive December in order to
remind them of hope in the future and the days of spring with warm and sunlit–filled days. By the
Middle Ages, Christians soon transformed this tradition and began to use Advent wreaths as part of
the preparation for Christmas, in the spiritual sense.
The Advent wreath is represented by a wreath, three purple candles and one rose candle for each
week of the Advent Season with a fifth white candle in the center. Each candle on the Advent wreath
is meant to represent 1,000 years. When the four candles are added together, they represent the
4,000 years, in Biblical time, between Adam and Eve to the coming of the Savior, whose birth was
prophesied in the Old Testament of the Bible. The 4,000 years that humanity had to wait for the
coming of the world's Savior is signified by those four candles. Despite the origin of the Advent
wreath, its parts, the wreath, the colored candles and the single white candle, are all the same and
each has its own specific meaning.
Body Paragraphs The first part of an Advent wreath is the wreath itself. Reverend William

A Cultural Metaphor For Germany Essay
This paper will describe Christmas in Germany as a cultural metaphor for Germany. In this research
paper I will include all of the characteristics of a German Christmas and explain all of the traditions
that we try to mimick here in the United States. I will breakdown the culture of Germany and all of
the holiday traditions that they celebrate during the Christmas season. The paper will highlight how
we as Americans view Christmas in Germany.
Advent Wreath – Der Adventskranz & Advent Calendar – Der Adventskalender The Advent
calendar starts on the Sunday after November 26th. This is the time that is devoted for Christmas
preparations. After four Advent Sundays are over, there follows Christmas Eve and Christmas Day.
The Advent calendar hangs above childrens beds. The calendar has small numbers on the pictures,
numbered 1–24. Wherever the numbers are there are small paper windows, which you will open to
find a picture on a translucent paper. The children open these every morning and then they know
how many days there are left until Christmas. Apart from the Advent calendar, families have Advent
wreaths. These wreaths are made up of holly flowers and bound fir twigs and are placed on a table
with four red candles placed in the center. One of the candles is lit on each Sunday preceding
Christmas, with the last one being on Christmas Eve. No one knows when the Advent wreath
originated in Germany. The Sunday before Advent you will see these wreaths at the local

Factors Affecting Tax Compliance of Small and Medium Scale...
Background of the Study
Tax compliance has been a topic of great interest to Revenue authorities especially in the developed
countries. Hostility towards tax compliance is an age old problem. "Taxes are considered a problem
by everyone. Not surprising, taxation problems date back to the earliest recorded history" (Taxworld
Organization, 1999).
Developing countries, perhaps due to their frequent budget deficits have not been able to conduct
comprehensive research on the behavior of taxpayer in relation to compliance. Hostility between the
taxpayers and tax collectors on issue relating to tax compliance is evidenced by frequent tax evasion
reports in our local newspapers (Juma, 2010) and outward resistance from taxpayers for example the
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An experiment with presumption tax (abolished in 1993 and re–introduced in 1995) was a
particularly notable attempt to formalize parts of the informal agricultural sector (Cheeseman and
Griffins, 2005). Further attempts focused on the use of advance tax and tax on rental incomes.
However, given the invisibility of the informal sector and scarce empirical work to understand tax–
relevant information, the presumption tax approach and the advance tax approaches failed to
achieve the intended objectives. It is not difficult to understand why they could not work. If the
Government does not know about the income received by farmers, farm workers and small–scale
entrepreneurs, it can have no prospects of taxing it. This creates the need for a proper income survey
to determine the optimal tax yield, the ability and willingness to pay.
The advent of the East African Community customs union further complicates the tax compliance
risk management problem. In 2005, Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania signed a treaty forming the East
Africa Community (EAC) customs union which has now been expanded to include Rwanda and
Burundi. The purpose of the customs union is to promote trade and other elements of regional
development. The dominant feature of the customs union is that member states agreed to reduce
tariffs. The Heads of State reached an agreement to

Advent Research Paper
Advent is a season observed in many Western Christian churches as a time of expectant waiting and
preparation for the celebration of the Nativity of Jesus at Christmas. The term is a version of the
Latin word meaning "coming".
Latin adventus is the translation of the Greek word parousia, commonly used to refer to the Second
Coming of Christ. For Christians, the season of Advent anticipates the coming of Christ from three
different perspectives. "Since the time of Bernard of Clairvaux(d.1153) Christians have spoken of
the three comings of Christ: in the flesh in Bethlehem, in our hearts daily, and in glory at the end of
time."[1] The season offers the opportunity to share in the ancient longing for the coming of the
Messiah, and to be alert ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first clear references to the Western Church to Advent occur in the Gelasian Sacramentary,
which provides Advent Collects, Epistles, and Gospels for the five Sundays preceding Christmas
and for the corresponding Wednesdays and Fridays.[14] While the Sunday readings relate to the first
coming of Jesus Christ as savior as well as to his second coming as judge, traditions vary in the
relative importance of penitence and expectation during the weeks in Advent.
Liturgical colors[edit]
Censing during solemn Advent vespers.
See also: Liturgical colors
The usual liturgical color in Western Christianity for Advent is either violet (or purple) or blue.[15]
The violet or purple color is often used for hangings around the church, the vestments of the clergy,
and often also the tabernacle. In some Christian denominations, blue, a color representing hope, is
an alternative liturgical color for Advent, a custom traced to the usage of

Wilderness In The Bible
As I remembered the many examples of the wilderness in the Bible I wanted to see how what they
have in common could to serve to define what it meant to be in the wilderness. From the stories of
Adam and Eve, the people of Israel, Moses, and Jesus being tempted in the wilderness, I found
common characteristics of how wilderness was understood. It was a place away from society and
with less control. People are often lost and wandering as they experience the wilderness. It is where
people go to be tested or punished and people often feel disconnected from God. It is also the place
in the New Testament where mentally ill people dwell. But for all of its negativity, the wilderness is
not all bad. It is where we find miracles and some of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It felt natural to use Tom Long and approach the text in a "then vs now" mindset. The problem in the
text is that John is working in the wilderness, a place of uncertainty and often challenge. The
solution then is that Jesus seeks out John in the wilderness and makes his presence known. The
problem we have today is that we are in Advent but are experiencing a range of emotions similar to
the diversity the wilderness can bring. Our solution today is knowing that Christ is near in Advent
and that He will still reach us in our joy or in our pain. For the structure, I decided with: problem
now, problem then, solution then, solution now. I always prefer to begin the sermon with what is
relevant in today's world in hope of getting people's attention early. I also like to end with the
solution for the present day as that gives the best chance of the audience leaving with the good news
at the top of their

Summary : ' Hermeneutical Journey '
Christy Potter–Kass
Hermeneutical Journey Report
Sermon #3 – Advent
Nov. 22, 2016
Mary's Magnificat
When I decided to preach my third sermon on Mary's Magnificat, out of the first chapter of Luke, I
wasn't sure it was a very good idea. Not because it didn't fit the required theme – the Magnificat is
about as Advent–focused as you can get – but because since I began preaching on a weekly basis six
months ago, I have become comfortable with my chatty exegetical preaching style, in which I
explore the scriptures with my congregation in an informal way. Preaching on the Magnificat would
make that a bit more difficult to do, particularly in the time frame of ten minutes, but even more so
without notes. Alternatively, I considered preaching a sermon on the topic "The Messiness of
Christmas" and focusing on the grittiness of the birth narrative and the messiness that often comes
with family Christmases today. However, as I always want to try new things with my preaching, I
decided to go with the Magnificat. In the style of Anna Carter Florence, I usually prefer to sit with
the text and see where it takes me, which is what I did with this. As I read through it, I made a list of
some questions that came to mind. Those included:
What is Mary really saying here? It's a song of praise, but it isn't truly a joyful, happy song.
What can we learn about the socio–political world in which Mary lives by what she says here?
How can Mary's words apply to our world today?
Potter–Kass

Narcissism And The Recent Advent Of A 1 Question Scale
For my discussion paper this week I chose to look at narcissism and the recent advent of a 1
question scale to determine narcissism. In particular I will look at how this study relates to concepts
discussed in Chapter 2 of our readings. The scale and its development is outlined in Development
and Validation of the Single Item Narcissism Scale. My interest in this subject is sparked by
interactions with a family member growing up, who among other things, could be construed as
highly narcissistic. From Wikipedia: "Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) is a personality
disorder in which a person is excessively preoccupied with personal adequacy, power, prestige and
vanity, mentally unable to see the destructive damage they are causing to ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Reliability and validity seemed to be important concerns for the authors of this paper. They ran 11
different trials in order to rule out confounding variables and ensure that their one item scale was
indeed positively correlated with actual narcissism. In total 2,250 participants were surveyed across
a wide range of scenarios. In study number one participants were also asked to complete scales
which are already known to measure narcissism such as the 40–item narcissistic personality
inventory (NPI). This provides a way to cross check the results of their own SINS scale to make
sure that it is valid. They found that SINS was positively correlated to the NPI with an R–value of
.40 and a p–value of .001
Study 3 of this paper was used to access the reliability of the scale, that is to say, are the results of
the SINS scale replicable? To accomplish this task 141 undergraduates from the University of
Michigan took the SINS test online and then completed it again 10.9 days later in the presence of
the authors of the study. The test–retest correlation the authors found was r=.79. This is a fairly
strong correlation, indicating that their scale is indeed reliable.
In study 7 the authors were afraid that using an 11 point scale had caused some participants to
undervalue their own narcissism because participants were unwilling to rate themselves so high. To
remedy this situation the authors reduced the SINS scale to a 7 point scale and

civil war
Prompt: There were numerous events and crises during the 1850's that contributed to the advent of
the civil war. Choose three and analyze the relative significance of each in contributing to the advent
of the Civil War. During the time period of the mid 1800's there was a great deal of growing tension
between the northern and southern states. Many northerners were abolitionists and were anti slavery,
the northerners didn't want to outlaw slavery completely but wanted to put an end to slavery
expansion. The south on the other hand was very against this and wanted for slavery to continue to
flourish for the economical gains and trade with other foreign nations. Slavery was a cheap source
of labor that allowed for many wealthy southern ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The novel sold millions of copies in America and abroad. This novel served to be so important to
many people forming opinions about slaver because "To millions of people, it made slavery appear
almost as evil as it really was"6. Out of all the events leading up to the civil war the reason this
novel served such a significant purpose is because it affected people, it affected many people
emotionally and was written well enough for people to be able to put their selves in the shoes of a
slave for a moment and realize the horror of what it would be like to have to be lose your family and
never see them again. Their were many events that lead to the advent of the Civil–War but the three
that served to be the most significant were the Bleeding of Kansas, The Dred Scott supreme court
decision, and the publishing of Uncle Tom's Cabin served to be the most significant because it set
the stage for many protests, and was the greatest cause in increasing the number of abolitionists in
Northern states. If the number of Anti slavery abolitionists didn't increase so much it could of
possibly caused for future significant events and protests to not be as important because their would
not be as many northerners fighting to stop the expansion of

The Argument Against The Treaty Of Versailles

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The Argument Against The Treaty Of Versailles