Dea Task Force Essay

Dea Task Force Essay
For years now, drug trafficking has been a concern for the nation's government. Not only is this true, but it is a major problem in other countries as
well. Since drug usage and trafficking was considered a high priority problem, the DEA also known as the drug enforcement administration was
created. This administration began in 1973 by President Nixon. Nixon's intentions by creating the DEA would be to monitor the drug trafficking and its
problems within the United States and throughout other countries around the world. Since the creation of this agency, there has been a stop to a great
deal of the drug problems around the world.
Although the DEA began in 1973, there was a very similar administration that had been around since the year,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Once a dealer made a huge cash deposit in a bank in Miami, it was a major red flag and the bust was initiated. "This case was notable as the first
combined investigation by the DEA and the FBI on drug profits behind the marijuana trade." (US Drug Enforcement Administration)
In 1982, operation OPBAT took place. OPBAT is an acronym for Operation Bahamas and Turks and Caicos Islands. Their job was to fight the flow of
drugs to the southeastern United States from the Caribbean islands. In order to explore the open waters for drug trafficking, the United States
implemented their army and coast guard to help actively support the Royal Bahaman police force. Drug traffickers in this central area made it very
difficult for these various law enforcement agencies by using high powered water crafts and technology.
The DEA, along with the IRS and several state and local agencies joined together to create Operation Pisces in 1984. This undercover investigation
lasted two years and was successful at discovering the relationship between street gangs in the United States and the Columbian cartel. Operation
Pisces also investigated and acknowledged the relation among the cartel and dealers in Italy and Denmark. Once the operation came to a closure in
1987, "law enforcement had arrested two–hundred and twenty drug dealers and seized $28 million in cash and assets and more than 11,000 pounds of
cocaine in Southern California." (US Drug
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Prohibition Of The Face Of Drug Prohibition Laws
Drugs or Don't? Tied Liberty in the face of Drug Prohibition Laws
"Prohibition goes beyond the bounds of reason in that it attempts to control a man 's appetite by legislation and makes a crime out of things that are
not crimes. A prohibition law strikes a blow at the very principles upon which our government was founded."–Abraham Lincoln
Prohibition is a word for containment; it is an act of limiting and holds a spirit of negation. It limits our independent and individualist choices. It is not
a democratic value unless devised by the citizens. Prohibiting something on the basis of unsure logistics and deviant arguments is not the way a
democracy thrives. There is a fine line between democracy and authoritarianism. Maybe the governments today need to realize this fine conception!
Abstract
It has been in our history and we all have suffered through this centered decision–making! Prohibition by the reasons of certain group of elites in the
power structure is the major malice of democracy. Drug Prohibition is one such veiled prophecy/execution that provides a disastrous outcome. The
central argument of my paper is– How modern day capitalism in all its variations offers an explanation (negative) to the entire scenario of drug
prohibition? What can be the benefits of this entire arrangement and who are the major beneficiaries remains a crucial query. The recent outrage in
Philippines, the age old war on Drugs led by the US and the billion dollar

The Approach of the Drug Policy Research Centre in Uganda
About us
Drug Policy Research Centre (hereafter referred to as DPRC), is a nonprofit public–interest advocacy group that represents the interests of Ugandans
regarding the implementation of drug policy. Established in 2006, DPRC envisions a Uganda where drug laws and funding priorities are based on
scientific evidence, human rights and tangible reductions in the harm caused both by drug use and drug laws, instead of the current government policy
emphasizing criminal punishment.
Introduction
The ministry of health estimates that 5 to 10 per cent of Uganda's population, estimated at 35 million (MOH, 2005), are users of alcohol, cannabis,
khat, aviation fuel, tobacco, amphetamines, etc. and reports from the Uganda police indicate that abusers of khat and cannabis are increasing in the
country especially in the capital, Kampala. Narcotic drug cases reported and investigated in 2011 were 1,563 compared to 871 cases in 2010
reflecting a 79% increase (Uganda Police, 2011).The increase in use of khat and cannabis has been attributed to underemployment, family disruptions,
high rates of crime and affordability (UYDEL, 2009).
A new report indicates that the economic cost of loss of productivity from drug–related incarcerations is considerably higher than the cost associated
with drug use. In light of this, the prime minister is weighing options of proposing new legislation which experiments with models of legal regulation
of certain illicit drugs, including the decriminalization of

Stopping The Trafficking Of Drugs Into The Country
Stopping the trafficking of drugs into the country is a key part of their overall mission: to protect America. The Border Patrol's 2012–2016 strategic
plan supports the national–level strategies like the National Drug Control Strategy and "uses a risk–based approach to securing the border". According
to this strategic plan, "Transnational criminal organizations represent a significant cross–border threat to homeland security". Outlined in the National
Drug Strategy, the border security mission of preventing drug smuggling contributes to the goals. Three goals of the strategy are stopping initiation,
reducing drug abuse and addiction, and disrupting the market for illegal drugs. There are 3 main outcomes that contribute to drug ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The El Paso Intelligence Center (EPIC) and Joint Task Force North (JTF North) are two important partners out of many. A vital asset to any agency
needing intelligence on suspicious drug smuggling suspects is the El Paso Intelligence Center (EPIC). Established in 1974, EPIC collects and
distributes information relating to drug, alien and weapon smuggling as well as counterterrorism resources in support of agents in the field. With an
annual budget of 19.6 million dollars, it consists of over 20 agencies working together and sharing critical intelligence. EPIC provides "access to LE
systems with the opportunity to collaborate daily through exchanges with LE analysts and operators, as well as routine engagement with federal,
states, local, tribal, and international partners". EPIC is a valuable asset aids in numerous drug smuggling related arrests at ports of entry. In many
counter drug operations, federal law enforcement agencies rely on support from the Department of Defense (DOD). Joint Task Force North, based at
Fort Bliss, Texas, provides DOD assets in support of drug law enforcement agencies conducting such operations. Joint Task Force North is an element
of U.S. Northern Command (USNORTHCOM). USNORTHCOM provides command and control of DOD homeland defense efforts and to coordinate
defense support to civil authorities. Joint Task Force North is compromised of active duty and reserve Marines,

The Modern War On Drugs
The Modern War on Drugs In the past forty years, the United States has spent over $2.5 trillion dollars funding enforcement and prevention in the
fight against drug use in America (Suddath). Despite the efforts made towards cracking down on drug smugglers, growers, and suppliers, statistics
show that addiction rates have remained unchanged and the number of people using illegal drugs is increasing daily (Sledge). Regardless of attempts
to stem the supply of drugs, the measure and quality of drugs goes up while the price goes down (Koebler). Now with the world's highest incarceration
rates and greatest illegal drug consumption (Sledge), the United States proves that the "war on drugs" is a war that is not being won.
For most of our history, drug use has been legal for recreational, religious, and medicinal purposes. During the 19th century, opium,morphine, and
cocaine could be purchased over–the–counter to treat medical conditions such as menstrual cramps, teething pain, coughs, depression, and even
addiction (Hellerman). On December 17, 1914, the Harrison Narcotics Tax Act was introduced which heavily restricted the use of narcotics, and was
based on racial fears and discrimination. The drafters of the bill stated that "negroes under the influence of drugs were murdering whites, degenerate
Mexicans were smoking marijuana, and "chinamen" were seducing white women with drugs" (Huggins). Regardless of the restrictions placed on
narcotics, the 20th century followed the

President Richard Nixon : The United State
On June 17, 1971, President Richard Nixon, addressed the United States of America and its congress, detailing his plans to stem drug abuse in the
United State. He declared it "America's public enemy number one", saying that "In New York City more people between the ages of 15 and 35
years of age die as a result of narcotics than from any other single cause". Less than a year prior to his speech, congress had passed into legislation a
bill that called for a comprehensive reform of the country's current drug laws. Still, Nixon felt that the nation needed more as the current drug policies
were not enough to eliminate drug abuse. He went on to propose many ideas for what he called "a full–scale attack on the problem of drug abuse in ...
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Strict prohibition needs to end, and we need to adopt a more lax policy like decriminalization or legalization. These have been both shown to help in
fixing the aforementioned problems that the United States currently faces because of the war on drugs.
The war on drugs has cost our government a vast amount of money that could be better spent elsewhere. In fiscal year 2013 alone, the United States
government spent $25.6 billion in an effort to prevent drug use and its consequences. This was $415.3 million (1.6%) increase from the previous year.
[1] This indicates that our government has no intentions of backing off of their drug stance any time soon. Overall, the national drug control budget
costs the government more than the state, commerce, and interior departments combined. In addition, large number of drug–related trials clog our
nation's criminal justice courts, and often times the result of these cases is imprisonment for the accused. Since the start of the war on drugs, the
country's incarcerated population has increased sevenfold, and over one percent of the population now resides in a prison. [3] There are currently
more people behind bars for drug charges today than there were people behind bars for any reason in 1980. [2] Keeping all of these prisoners
incarcerated costs

Global Public Policy Is Made By State And Non State Actors
Global public issues such as global climate change, international financial market, illicit international trade, cross border migration, internet
governance and cyber war, nuclear proliferation, global public drug and etc cause a need of global public policy. Basically global public policy has
been designed in order to achieve desired goals in global public challenges. Global public policy is made by state and non–state actors. In classical
political science only the states were recognized as a significant actors in public policy and international policies were made between states( Wimmer
and Schiller,2002), while in the recent decades non–state actors play important role in global governance(Whitman, 2009,87). For instance, UN,
UNDP, UNIDO are central in the global public sphere (Kaul 2003).
Global public policy activities take place among non state actors and intergovernmental counterpart in global agora (Stone, 2008, 5–8).Global public
policy needs to be made in global agora. Previously, global agora was a place for social, economical, political and cultural interaction of states and
non–states members. However, today global agora is evolving with various set of networks , global public and private partnership and multilateral
initiatives global agora is managed by business and policy elites(Stone, 2008, 10).
Global public policy aim to respond to three types of policy problems (Soroos 1991):
Firstly, transboundary problems such as money laundry,drug trafficking and

Can Economic Aid Make a Difference in Flow of Drugs? Essays
Can Economic Aid Make a Difference in Flow of Drugs?
1. The United States government spends nearly $100 million annually, working towards the goal of greatly reducing the drug flow into this country
(Abbott 160). Compared to the $100 million the U.S. spends, the $3 to $5 billion the Latin American countries bring in each year from drug
trafficking is quite unbalanced. While researchers agree drug crops create a source of income for a number of Latin American people, they disagree
about whether or not economic aid from the United States can make a big enough difference to slow the drug flow into the country. 2. Some experts
believe crop substitution is one way the economic aid money could be used to curb drug trafficking. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"The cocaine industry is an important source of jobs and income in regions characterized by desperate poverty and widespread unemployment" (Lee
184). When one follows the trail of the coca leaves from the field to the point of smuggling it into the United States, an estimated 500,00 to one
million people are directly employed (Lee 184). Because so many people benifit from the cocaine industry, simply substituting the crops may not be
enough. 4. Others feel the money for economic aid should be spent in other ways. The mayor of Calamar, Vincente Ferrer Londono, feels that the
production of coca leaves would completely disappear if the United States government would pave the road from Calamar to San Jose, which is the
gateway to the national market. He contends that the farmers can grow plenty of corn and rice, but due to the very poor road conditions, they can't get
the produce to the market (Massing 179). Michael Massing, a free–lance writer, is in agreement. saying that even though building a road would cost
nearly $2 million, it would be considered a bargain considering the impact it would have on Colombia's coca production. Michael adds, "between
1987 and 1988 the United States spent about $ 1 billion trying to intercept drugs at its borders." If some of this money could be relocated to the
economic aid programs to help stop the growth

Reducing Drug Trafficking in The United States Essay
The drug problem in the U.S. and around the world is an important issue and seems to be a difficult problem to tackle across the board. The inflow of
drugs has become one of the largest growths in transnational crime operations; illicit drug use in the United States makes it very difficult for nation
states police and customs forces to get a handle on the issues. War on drugs, drug trafficking has long been an issue for the United States. There has
been a proclamation of "war on drugs" for the past 44 years.
Drug trafficking and drug abuse has long been a frustrating feature of United States and other country around the world. The United Nations Office of
Drug Control and Crime Prevention points out that the fight against drug ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, the number of people who said they have used cocaine in the last year doubled from 1.2% to 2.4% during the same period. (Boddiger, D.
2010). The efforts were intended to reduce drug trafficking. The method was that drug traffickers use small aircraft to transport illicit drug, the United
States essentially relies on the law enforcement authorities in the countries where they land to interdict them.
In my research I was surprise to learn that an increase in the international drug trade and drug user estimated 14.8 million Americans were illegal
drug users as of 1999. I also read that the international drug trade generates $200 to $300 billion dollars a year. And due to a great amount of budget
that is spent, this gives the drug trafficker an advantage over the government that has a small budget. Illegal drugs are considered to be a major source
of funding for organized crime. The Canadian government has attempted to address these problems by implementing a national drug strategy, which is
meant to reduce the demand for and the supply of illicit drugs. Eleven federal government departments and agencies have spent approximately $500
million annually in addressing the illegal use of drugs. In order to optimize the effectiveness of such governmental initiatives and expenditures, it is
useful to achieve greater understanding of major trends relating to drug offences. This information will assist policy makers and criminal justice
professionals in deterring

Good Storms Coming : Relevance And Implications Of The...
Better Storms Coming: The Relevance and Implications of the Philippine War against Illegal Drugs of the Duterte Administration "Duterte 's policy is
counterproductive and doing the opposite: it is slaughtering people, it is making the retail (drug) market violent–as a result of state actions,
extrajudicial killings and vigilante killings." – Vanda Felbab–Brown, urban violence and internal conflict expert at Brookings InstitutionPerhaps,
Felbab–Brown pointed out something striking from the Philippine president 's strategy of confronting drug criminality in the country as opposed to
other conducts of war on illegal drugs in different nations. Conflicting issues beget from the on–going offensives taken by the Duterte administration
that it took the attention of the world, especially the spate of extrajudicial killings in the Philippines. So much that Duterte would uphold his banner
campaign, what could be the ground in which the president, as well as the Filipino people stood in advancing this campaign against illegal drugs?
Moreover, besides observable outcomes of the current narcotics war, what are the implications it will accentuate within the context of the country?
This essay would prove the relevance of the war on illicit drugs and further provide for its possible moral and political outcomes in the country. The
present administration 's war against illegal drugs poses relevance to the Filipino society. One of the biggest and pressing issues confronted by the

Should Medical Marijuana Be Legal?
Due to these canges in state laws that now allow use of recreational and medical marijuana, businesses and employers face a daunting issue: How do
they handle an applicant who requests reasonable accommodation under Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) for medical marijuana? According
to U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), a reasonable accommodation is assistance or changes to a position or workplace that
will enable an employee to do his or her job despite having a disability. Under ADA, employers are required to provide reasonable accommodation to
qualified employees with disabilities unless doing so would pose an undue hardship to the employer or business. Qualified employers are those who
hold the necessary degree, skill and experience for the job and who can perform its essential functions with or without an accommodation.
CLASSIFICATION OF MARIJUANA Medical Marijuana
It is the use of leaves, flowers and buds of the hemp plant cannabis as treatment for diseases or symptoms. It contains the healing properties because of
high cannabinoid (CBD) content – the non–psychoactive component of cannabis that may be beneficial in treating pain, epileptic seizures and possibly
psychoses. It also contains Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a molecule that can stimulate appetite, decrease nausea and reduce pain and produces
psychoactive effects. It is commonly used medically to treat conditions like cancer pain management, glaucoma, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's,

Realism Theory and Narcoterrorism Essays
Former President Fernando BelaГєnde Terry of Peru first defined the term "narco–terrorism" in 1983. The term was first created to describe
terrorist–type attacks against Peru's anti–narcotics police. President Terry used to the word "narco–terrorism" to attempt to describe the narcotics
trafficker's use of violence and intimidation to influence the policies of the government. However, the word narco–terrorism has more than just one
definition. According to the DEA, narco–terrorism is defined as, "participation of groups or associated individuals in taxing, providing security for,
otherwise aiding or abetting drug trafficking endeavors in an effort to further, or fund, terrorist activities." However, the latest definition of the term...
While the United States and Europe are the main importers of cocaine, the main exporters of cocaine are found in Latin America. Latin America has
among one of the most impacted nations involved in narco–terrorism. In Latin America, cocaine is known as the "atomic bomb". The most impacted
countries of narco–terrorism are Columbia, Mexico, and Peru.
Columbia
Columbia is historically the most impacted nation of narco–terrorism. Columbia was first declared an independent nation after the fall of Gran
Columbia along with Ecuador and Venezuela in 1830. As of July 2011, CIA World Factbook has estimated its population to be about 44,725,543.
Columbia has 1,138,910 sq km of land, approximately three times the size of California. However, according to the CIA World Factbook it is
estimated that only 2.1% of the land is arable, 1.37% is already used for permanent crops, and the rest of its 96% is used for "other" reasons.
According to the 2008 World Drug Report, over 99,000 ha of Columbian land is used for cocaine cultivation. Due to its ongoing civil wars and weak
democratic government, Columbia has become a haven for narco–terrorism. Insurgent groups such as the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia
(FARC), National Liberation Army (ELN), and United Self Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC) have been known rely on drug trafficking to carry out
bombings, extortion, kidnapping, and assassination. Narco–Terrorism in Colombia began as a response by the

Essay about Against the War On Drugs in America
The Case Against America's War on Drugs
The legal prohibition on most psychoactive drugs has been in place in this country for the better part of a century. This policy of prohibition, however,
has never been based on reason or careful consideration, but on the paranoia of a small segment of society and the indifferent willingness of the
majority to accept this vocal minority's claims without question. Outlawing any use of a particular drug is a violation of the basic freedom of
individuals to act as they please in their private lives. However, even if one does not accept this belief, an objective analysis of the United States'
history of prohibition clearly shows that attempts to enforce this policy have done far more harm than good, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First of all, the Harrison act was only intended to regulate the sale of these drugs, making them available over the counter in small doses and in larger
doses with a doctor's prescription. Only later did the courts and law enforcement interpret this law as a prohibition. Reasons for the law included the
association of opium with the widely despised Chinese–American community and lobbying by medical and pharmaceutical associations who sought a
monopoly on the sale of narcotics, but the primary concern was to meet international obligations created by the new international drug control treaty.
Marijuana was not banned until 1937, but no medical testimony was presented to congress at this time. Thus prohibition of these drugs occurred with
little deliberation and with little rational justification (Ostrowski).
Alcohol prohibition, the "noble experiment" began in 1918. Few, if any, would deny that this experiment was a disaster. I will discuss the details of
this experiment throughout the paper as it is relevant to the current war on drugs, but suffice to say that prohibition utterly failed to curb alcohol
consumption while creating a black market for liquor which was dominated by violent criminals, and encouraging the consumption of hard liquor
which was not subject to any legal quality controls. Alcohol prohibition was repealed in 1933.
The Argument for Legalization
Public fears that drug use poses a real threat to society and the general stigma attached to

The Severity Of Sentencing Guidelines
The Severity of Sentencing Guidelines in Relation to the Type of Drug
By: Sunday Saenz
FRNS 5653
Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences
May 1, 2015 Introduction
An illicit drug is actually just a drug that is being abused illegally. A few examples of some commonly heard of illicit drugs arecocaine,
methamphetamine, and marijuana. However, not every illicit drug is actually illegal to possess. Prescription drugs, such as hydrocodone, oxycodone,
and morphine are often taken without being prescribed, which is illegal.
Punishments for an individual's criminal actions, such as the possession of illicit drugs, have been in place for centuries. However, many people
wonder why certain punishments are more severe than others and how a judge makes the final decision of what a sentence may be. In Federal Courts,
a sentencing guideline is determined by the individual's criminal history, severity of the crime, and mitigating factors.1
The United States Sentencing Commission (USSC) is responsible for the creation of the federal guidelines that are consistent across the United States
. When the guidelines were originally established in the 1960s, judges were required to follow them and not go outside of these guidelines. This did
not take into consideration outside factors, such as cooperation or admitting to their crimes. It wasn't until the Supreme Court decision of Booker v
U.S. in 2005 that that changed and judges were able to go above or below these

The War On Drugs And Illegal Drugs
It has been over forty–three years since the United States first waged the "War on Drugs". This war has cost hundreds of billions of dollars to fight
and has supplied our country with a plethora of mixed results as well as emotions. We have seen fluctuations in the numbers over the years, which can
be linked to different social fads and political agendas. Despite the enormous amount of money we have spent to rid our country of illegal drugs, we
still face all time high addiction and distribution rates today. These strict drug laws have created an overflow of prisoners, many of whom are convicted
upon non–violent drug charges, and have transformed them from tax paying citizens into an even larger tax burden for the community. Through
President Nixon's declaration of the "War on Drugs", to the adventurous peaks of drug use in the late 70 's, to the rise of the crack cocaine industry in
the 80 's and now the legalization of recreational cannabis use, this paper will explain why drugs not only continue to flow across the American borders
at an alarming rate, but also attempt to uncover the effectiveness of this war.
Starting in 1970 we witness the birth of the "War on Drugs" with the passing of a Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control act. This act
provided a new framework for the regulation and enforcement of drug possession and other drug related crime. For more serious crimes such as drug
trafficking the act established tough penalties while lessening

Exploring Different Kinds of Drugs Essays
Exploring Different Kinds of Drugs
Most of the drugs that people abuse have their effect on the limbic system of the brain. The limbic system is located deep within the brain near the top
of the brain stem. The limbic system produces the feelings of pleasure, pain, anger, and fear which characterize our emotions. All drugs of addiction
work on our emotions. If a certain drug makes us feel very good, we tend to want to take that drug again and again. It is because of this temporary
good feeling that we become psychologically addicted to a drug.
Within the limbic system, drugs work on the brain by way of neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters are the chemicals which allow our nerve cells to ...
All opium products are chemically similar to endorphins and have their pleasurable effects by substituting for endorphins in our brain.
Opium has been used and abused since the beginning of recorded history. There is a reference to opium in Homer's Odyssey written in the sixth
century BCE. People have for centuries eaten and smoked opium. Some of these people became addicted to it, others did not. However, in the mid
1800's, opium was refined into morphine and codeine. Morphine and codeine magnified the power of opium ten times. Also in the mid 1800's, the
hypodermic needle was invented. If the hypodermic needle is used to intravenously inject morphine, it magnifies the power of the drug 10–15 times.
In 1896 opium was further refined into diacetylmorphine, which became known as heroin. It was named heroin because they thought it was a "hero"
drug. It was believed to be nonaddictive, and for years was a treatment for alcoholism. Alcoholics were advised to stop drinking and substitute heroin
use instead. This was reasonably good therapy because heroin is not as damaging to the physical body as is alcohol. However, it is far more addictive
and damaging to the mind. When the hypodermic needle is used to intravenously inject heroin, addiction develops quickly.
Heroin is a drug to which people become both psychologically and physiologically

Young Advocates International Advocate Basic Human Rights...
YAI
Young Advocates International is a domestic human rights organization based in Nigeria. It seeks to promote the basic tenets of the universal
declaration of human rights (UDHR) through advocacy.
Introduction
The international drug control effort began fifty years ago with the aim of eradicating the abuse of certain drugs by controlling their supply. A complex
international system of enforcement grew on this belief in supply control. Five decades on, the empirical data is available and overwhelming; the
system has failed. Worse still, it has become increasingly clear that thehuman rights costs of pursuing many of its policies render them unjustifiable.
From mass incarcerations in the United States and Asia, to the HIV/AIDS epidemic flooding Russia and the waves of violence rippling through Latin
America–the current global drug policies are worsening current global problems. Nevertheless, driven by a mixture of bureaucratic and ideological
inertia, the international drug control system governed through the United Nations and enforced by a number of core states continues to pursue many
of the same failed policies.
Policy Analysis
The present system of worldwide drug control is constructed upon a suite of United Nations treaties. This includes the 1961 single convention on
Narcotic Drugs as amended by the 1972 protocol, the 1971 convention on psychotropic substances and the 1988 convention against illicit traffic in
Narcotic Drugs and psychotropic substances. These

Teenagers Drug Use And Its Effects On Society
Yang Qiu
Reading and Writing
Teacher Arnie
April 22 2016
Teenagers drug use
Now пјЊthere are lots of teenagers all over the world who use drug. And it becomes a very normal thing in society. According to foundation for adrug
free world, we realize that drugs can make a person stop thinking and become very dull.(Drug Free World). And now all medicine has drug, so
teenagers do not know how bad they are.I think now the society has two big elements,that can cause teenagers use drug , such as environment and
different personalities.
First main point is environment. In the environment, I divide it into two parts, family and friends. Because we can not live by ourselves, we need
to go along with others, and if you stay with a person for long time,he can influent you. For the family part, there are lots of different abuses in the
family. Like divorce, in China, more than 21% people divorce, and 20% want to divorce(Chinese Newspaper). Sometimes parents think divorce is
not a very important thing, but that can make their children feel harmful. Make them lose confident and want to do something bad to attack their
parents, want their parents to think highly of them. I have a very good friend,she is a very pretty girl. But her parents divorced five years ago, she
felt very sad, she thought her parents did not think highly of her. She became a gay, she did not want to find a boy like her father, she always felt

Drug Trafficking Is The International Problem
Drug trafficking is the illicit production transportation and trade with drugs. These drugs are produced in one country of the world and with strong
network communication are traded to different destination of the world. It is clear that the existence of drug trafficking is the international problem,
which needs rapid solutions. The harmful impact of drugs is commonly known all over the planet, that is why the majority of the drugs prohibited. Also
it has a tremendous social impact that is breaking society slowly. This topic caught my attention and wanted to do a research on this topic because there
are numerous issues those conflicts on this topic. Drugs are entering to United States from numerous places and statistics of deaths are... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to congressional research service U.S customs and border protection is the United States department of homeland security, which is
"charged for facilitation and regulation of international trades, enforcing U.S regulations and laws, including trade, customs and immigration." The
agency protects the U.S from terrorist and dangerous weapons. Also provides protection against human and drug trafficking and illegal immigration.
United States is secured by the agency for agriculture and economy from harmful pest and diseases. According to U.S. Customs and Border Protection,
in FY 2012, "Border Patrol agents on the Southwest border seized more than 5,900 pounds of cocaine and more than 2.2 million pounds of marijuana."
The increases in smuggling issues have forced the border patrol to the front line of the U.S. war on drugs. Another report by United Nations Office on
Drug and Crime (UNODC), confirms the research work and findings by United Nations Research Institute for Social Development. According to
UNODC, "the major illicit drugs that are being produced and traded are cocaine, opium, cannabis and heroine." UNDOC's report suggests that the
countries that are involved in the production and trafficking Drug trafficking includes trade of illegal drugs. Also according to another scholarly
research USSC (United States Sentencing Commission) stated that "Six drug types accounted for 97.0% of drug

Critical Essay 1
Critical Essay 1
Word Count: 943
Dating back to as early as the 1920s, the use of drugs in several Western films and other forms of entertainment started to take flight. The portrayal of
the drugs used were that of a positive light; being pleasurable, socially acceptable, and even appropriate to use for those that did not live a criminal
lifestyle.
It wasn't until the 1960s in which the positive connotations with drugs became contradictory. This was a result of the implementation of stronger drug
prohibition laws. Many of the positively represented films were eradicated to make way for more insightful films about drugs – illustrating the true
horrors of drugs and consequences of addiction. In these films, Boyd finds the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is argued that films displaying such stereotypes aren't trying to be racial in any manner, but to educate of the social hierarchies present in
communities today.
Boyd believes such representations as above are not true, stating there isn't a common concrete perception about illegal drugs in popular culture. The
current beliefs floating around are volatile representations of the true meaning of drugs.
The first genre of entertainment Boyd delves into is rock and roll, in conjunction with drug films. After first hand experience of watching one of
the three films Boyd chose (Easy Rider, 1969), it is easy to identify that the use of illegal drugs was not a concern in terms of the protagonists' well
beings, but in fact portrayed in a positive. This doesn't fully go against what Boyd had first believed about drugs, but falls in favour of the findings
of Coveney and Bunton. The protagonists did find pleasure in their use of drugs (mateship), but for the reasons of wanting to not fall into the norms
of society, as well as for the betterment of their lives (by drug dealing for 'quick and easy' money).
The early 70s brought about new changes to the entertainment industry. This was the time social and political changes occurred due to factors such as
the introduction of the Black Panther Party as well as the civil rights movement. Boyd discusses Superfly (1972), which displays the conditions of poor
black

A PunditвЂ™s Solution to Fixing Drug Violence in Mexico Essay
Thomas Friedman, a biweekly column contributor for the New York Times, is a pundit who throughout his career has made some bold claims about
controversial issues in the news. Bestement and Gutherson argue that a pundit is merely "one who gives opinions in an authoritative manner", and that
while they may speak convincingly, their skills as pundits lie in "their ability... to learn quickly about the broad contours of a wide range of subjects,
and to project confidence and authority in talking about them" (Bestement, Gutherson 2005; 2,3). Since a pundit is one who uses existing prejudices to
explain complex issues to large audiences in a concise and very generalized manner, inaccuracies are frequent in their arguments; but these inaccuracies
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The prohibition of drugs such as cocaine, opium, and marijuana is rooted in the racism and xenophobia of the people of the United States. It was
"believed that cocaine consumption by the black community could make them disregard the barriers that society had established between different
races", while Chinese were "portrayed as assiduous opium smokers" and Mexicans were "labeled as avid marihuana smokers" (Recio 2002; 23,24).
These faulty conceptions of the minorities in the United States resulted in "a new perception...that drug consumption could not be morally accepted
and therefore its use should be seriously restricted" (Recio 2002; 24). Medical professionals in the United States were strongly opposed to an all out
ban of these drugs, but eventually the United States congress passed the Harrison Act. This act was initially designed to limit the availability of these
narcotics by requiring a prescription from a physician to obtain them. Later, United States congress passed the Volstead Act, which prohibited alcohol.
In 1922 the Harrison Act became a totally prohibitionist piece of legislation (Recio 2002; 25, 26). Immediately after the Harrison Act and the Volstead
Acts were passed, illegal drug traffickers took the place of physicians in providing narcotics to the people who wanted them (Recio 2002; 26). In order
to prevent this, the United States government decided that if the country producing drugs

AmericaвЂ™s Drug War Essay
The War on Drugs, like the war on Terrorism, is a war that America may not be able to afford to win. For over forty years the United States has been
fighting the War on Drugs and there is no end in sight. It has turned into a war that is about politics and economics rather than about drugs and
criminals. The victims of this war are numerous; but perhaps they are not as numerous as those who benefit from the war itself.
History of U.S Drug Policy:
While laws prohibiting the use of drugs, in one form or another, can be traced back to the 1870s, it was not until 1968, when Richard M. Nixon was
elected President, that our current drug war was conceived. In 1970 Congress passed the Comprehensive Drug Abuse and Control Act.(2) With an...
Assistant to Egil Krogh was G. Gordon Liddy. Howard Hunt was a consultant on the drug problem to the president's Domestic Council.
Both of these men would gain fame a few years later as Watergate conspirators. Under these men, instead of being understood as a health and social
problem, drug addiction was defined as a law and order problem.
On July 1, 1973 the War on Drugs was solidified with the creation of the Drug
Enforcement Administration.(15) The DEA, which was the result of merging the Bureau of
Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs with various other law enforcement and intelligence gathering agencies, including the ODALE, was given the
responsibility of enforcing the nation's federal drug laws. It's enormous sphere of influence is reflected in its Mission Statement which states among
other things; "The mission of the Drug Enforcement Administration is to enforce the controlled substances laws and regulations of the United States and
bring to the criminal and civil justice system of the United States, or any other competent jurisdiction, those organizations and principal members of
organizations involved in the growing, manufacture, or distribution of controlled substances appearing in or destined for illicit traffic in the United
States..."(15) The DEA was designed as an American agency with an international agenda.
During the Ford and Carter administrations drug use began to rise. In 1979 illicit drug use in the United States peaked

Introgenic government
Topic: Response and Social Policy paper on "Iatrogenic Government" The response to drug use in America and in some countries around the world
seems to have an interesting history. As the author Daniel Patrick Moynihan describes the unintended consequences society faces when government
does not deal effectively with issues of drugs in society. He provided several references that shows the historical and present connections to
government interrelations and how many of these decisions have some form of negative impact and at times causes social breakdown. His historical
reference to drug uses, medicinal properties as well as technology role in our present age does paint a vivid picture of how government decisions can
affect us. Since... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus as the author begins to address the issues related to drugs his reference about the government's approach ring truth "The truth in either event is
that we were mostly asserting what we did not know and would need to learn" (pg. 353). The author's reference to technology is relevant but I will
address the issue of technology later on as I respond to his summary. The history of drug use represents lessons that were long been seen but
obviously overlooked by doctors as well as pharmaceutical companies. The earlier efforts by government to regulate drug use or alcohol consumption
began with some regulations on Jamaican rum. Since distilled liquor was used in social events, the government approaches in regulating the
trafficking of the "distilled liquor" was by levying heavy fines on the general tariff bill. The cost of importing Jamaican rum was costlier than distilled
liquor here in America. Again, at the time, the government was mostly dealing with the abolition of slavery and again the issues around alcohol
consumption were minimally dealt with. Distilled spirits in earlier America was part of bringing Americans together during times of unity. It was a
time to earn easy money and have an all–around good time (pg. 354). People enjoyed alcohol in the morning for breakfast as well as a celebratory
thing. The government knew that drinking alcohol or distilled liquor caused some medical issues but again, the

Is Decriminalizing Drugs A Right Move?
Alvaro Lopez
Angela Mora
English 1A
30 Sept 2014
Is Decriminalizing Drugs A Right Move? There always seems to be debate on whether the decriminalization of drugs would be of great public
interest. It is a very important and controversial issue that has many people wondering if legalizing drugs would be a right move or not. In the article, "
Decriminalization Would Increase The Use and The Economic and Social Costs of Drugs" by David Mineta, Mineta argues about why drugs should
not be decriminalized and how keeping illicit drugs illegal outweigh the possible negative consequences of legalizing these substances. Mineta himself
writes that, "Our position is simple and evidence–based: both decriminalization and legalization of illicit drugs would increase their use, along with
their associated health and social costs" (Americas Quarterly). According to Mineta the decriminalization of drugs will only allow more people to
become addicted causing more health and social costs because seen as they will be more widely used. (Americas Quarterly) According to him any tax
revenue made from these substances would not cover the ridiculous high amount of expenses made on social costs associated with these substances
(Mineta). Mineta states how illegal drugs "represented about $181 billion in social costs in 2002–a figure that would increase, because of increased
use, under legalization" (Americas Quarterly). Mineta relates this to alcohol and tobacco, two substances that cost more

Canada 's Drug Laws And Drugs
Canada 's drug regulations are covered by the Food and Drug Act and the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act. In relation to controlled and restricted
drug products the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act establishes eight schedules of drugs and new penalties for the possession, trafficking,
exportation and production of controlled substances as defined by the Governor–in–Council. Drug policy of Canada has traditionally favoured
punishment of the smallest of offenders, but this convention was partially broken in 1996 with the passing of the Controlled Drugs and Substances
Act.[1]
Contents
HistoryEdit
Until 1908 the use of narcotics, opiates especially, in Canada was unregulated.[2] From the 1850s onwards, Chinese immigrants came to British
Columbia in droves, establishing opium dens in their isolated communities. Canadian employers saw the Chinese immigrants as a source of cheap
labour, and the government viewed opium consumption as another way to gain revenue, imposing a tax on opium factories in 1871. However, with the
decline of the gold rush in the 1880s resentment towards the Chinese grew, as unemployed Canadians could not compete with cheap Chinese labour.[3]
Additionally, Japanese immigration to Canada began to rise sharply, resulting in demonstrations against Asian labour. In 1907, there was a particularly
large demonstration against Asian immigrants in Vancouver 's Chinatown.[4] In response to the demonstrations, Deputy Minister of Labour Mackenzie
King

The Liberalization Of Drugs During America
The Liberalization of Drugs in America In 1971, Richard Nixon declared a war against drugs. Today, it still continues to be a huge failure, leading to
mass incarceration in the U.S., corruption, violence and human rights abuses across the world. The DEA, or Drug Enforcement Administration, focuses
on eliminating the supply of drugs and incarcerating drug traffickers. This strategy is inefficient because of supply and demand. If one attempts to
eliminate the supply, then new ways will be found or new producers will produce due to demand. An example would be crystal meth. the U.S.
government tried to stop crystal meth's production by outlawing or regulating the sales of chemicals required to make it ("Controlled Substances Act").
In response, thousands of small–scale meth production labs popped up using unregulated chemicals. The U.S. then regulated those chemicals, which
then only let the cartel, of whom have more experience and skill, to take over. With a less than 1% success rate, the DEA is still being funded around
30 billion dollars (Performance Budget). The reason most of the drugs in the U.S. are illegal are due to racist ties, this includes heroin (opium),
marijuana, and cocaine. The U.S. should end the war on drugs and instead focus on the rehabilitation and discharge of drug abusers, users and dealers.
Prohibition may prevent some from taking drugs, but in the process it causes huge societal issues. Many of the things we associate with drug use are
actually

Psychoactive Drugs : The Single Convention On Narcotic Drugs
In 1961 the UN adopted the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, where it was noted that the problem requires urgent and priority, and in 1984 in the
"Declaration on the fight against drug trafficking and drug abuse" the entire conglomerate of problems, ranging from illicit manufacturing and
trafficking to abuse, called "shameful and disgusting crime". And it can be called a kind of "ostrich policy" (The Single Convention on Narcotic
Drugs of 1961).
There are four key groups of psychoactive drugs: stimulants, depressants, opioids and hallucinogens. This classification is conditional because most
psychoactive drugs have several effects on the psychological and physical activity of the body, depending on the dose and duration of use.]
The use ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Marijuana is used to heighten perception, affect mood, and relax. Many people think marijuana is harmless, but it is not. Signs of marijuana use
include red eyes, lethargy, and uncoordinated body movements. The long–term effects may include decrease in motivation and harmful effects on the
brain, heart, lungs, and reproductive system. People who smoke marijuana are also at increased risk of developing cancer of the head and neck. A
pharmaceutical product, Marinol, that contains synthetic THC, is available as a prescription medication. It comes in the form of a pill (eliminating the
harmful and cancer–causing chemicals present when marijuana is smoked) and is used to relieve the nausea and vomiting associated with
chemotherapy for cancer patients and to treat loss of appetite in AIDS patients.
(Definition of Marijuana & Definition of Alcohol 2012) The aim of this essay is to compare and contrast two different psychoactive drugs, Alcohol and
Marihuana, grounded on physical and psychological addiction they cause. Alcohol can be stimulant in small doses and depressant in large doses, whilst
marihuana belongs to the hallucinogen group and, therefore, can be depressant depending on our mood
Alcohol dependence is a leader in the structure of a substance abuse.
The NHS estimates that just under one in 10 (8.7%) men in the UK and one in 20 (3.3%) UK women show signs of alcohol dependence (sometimes
known as "alcoholism"), (The NHS

Essay on Propaganda, Stereotypes, and the War on Drugs
Propaganda, Stereotypes, and the War on Drugs
The West has constantly been fighting the use of illegal drugs for decades by Propaganda. Propaganda 'is a form of manipulative communication
designed to elicit some predetermined response' (Inge, 1981, 322). Governments have been using many propagandistic methods to reduce the
consumption of illegal drugs such as marginalization or creating stereotypes. By creating a certain stereotype for the drug users and dealers,
governments believe that people would try to avoid drugs so they won't fit the stereotype. Extensive researche has been performed on this issue and
there was no support that this propaganda tactic made a significant difference in the use of illegal drugs.
To understand ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The media indirectly tells us, "do you want to look like those dirty, Lazy Mexicans, or those rapists?"
Another propaganda technique to convince the public against the use of drugs is by relating it to crime (Solomon,1968, 126) and terrorism. A month
after the September 11th attacks on the World Trade Center, Tony Blair stated in his speech that ninety percent of heroin sold in Brittan was imported
from Afghanistan. Using the stereotype that people from Afghanistan were terrorists, Tony Blair connected drugs and heroin with terrorism and that
buying drugs from Afghanistan is an indirect tool for their terrorism. Blair states that;
"The arms the Taliban are buying today are paid for with the lived of young British people buying their drugs on British streets... That is another part
of their regime that we should seek to destroy" (Fitzpatrick, 2001).
Blair's thesis is that the "War on Drugs" is really the "War on terrorism" and if one is patriotic, he/she would stay away from buying drugs since it
benefits the real enemy which is terrorism.
In the last decade, drug use has been very high which elicited the government to take a stronger stand. Drug awareness programs were held in schools
which over–exaggerated the harm of drugs and 'drug dealers are often portrayed as predators preying on the misery of their customers' (Preston, 2001).
Drug users on the other hand are portrayed as being

America Is The Land Of The Free
Chelsey Turnbull
English composition
America is the land of the free; it's ironic that America also by far has more incarcerated citizens than any other country in the world. America is at
war. We have been fighting drug abuse for almost a century. In 1972 president Nixon declared a war on drugs. Unfortunately, we are not winning this
war. Drug users are still filling up our jails and prisons, now more than ever. The drug war causes violent crime and criminal activity due to
prohibition, not the drugs themselves. Children in all of this are left neglected or without parents. The only beneficiaries of this war are organized
crime members and drug dealers. The United States has focused its efforts on the criminalization of drug use. The government has spent billions of
dollars in efforts to rid the supply of drugs. Even with all this money and effort of law enforcement it has not decreased the demand or supply of
illegal drugs. Not only being highly costly, drug law enforcement has been counterproductive. Current drug laws need to be reviewed and changed. The
United States needs to shift spending from law enforcement and penalization to education, treatment, and prevention. The war on drugs has caused
many problems in the United States, family problems, financial problems and has increased crime, after forty years in this war it's time for a change.
In terms of age, 58 percent of children with incarcerated parents are under ten years of age with 8 being the

The War On Drugs
In 1971 President Richard Nixon declared a War on Drugs stating that drug abuse was "public enemy number one". Four decades later America is still
waging this war that many say can never truly be won. The goal of this campaign has always been the prohibition of drugs, military aid, and military
intervention with the stated aim being to define and reduce the illegal drug trade however the tactics used thus far have done little to solve the problem
of drugs in the United State. The use of military to combat this issue has resulted in billions of tax dollars with little results. Since 1970 the drug
addiction rate has stayed consistent while the U.S. drug controlled spending has dramatically increased. Illegal drug trafficking thrives and violence
escalates as this war against drugs wages on. The call to end the war on drugs has been made but can we really end something that should be treated
like any other social issue?
America's prison population has seen a huge increase over the past forty years largely due to the failed drug war policies. A report released by the
National Research Council found that with less than five percent of the world's population but nearly 25 percent of the world's prisoners, the U.S.
continues to rank first among nations in both prison and jail population and per capita rates. In order to reduce incarceration it would be necessary to do
more than just eliminating mandatory minimums sentences and harsh criminal penalties for nonviolent drug crimes.

Drug Production and Traffic: An Inventory and Ways to...
Forum: Advisory Panel on the Question of the Indochinese
Introduction
Drug production and trafficking is a widespread issue that has proven to be extremely difficult for individual governments. The black market for
illegal drugs has become almost omnipresent in modern society as the production and distribution of drugs has evolved into one of the most profitable
industries. United Nations (UN) reports from 2003 value the illegal drug market to be approximately $320 billion and growing. Governments try to
prevent the issue through legal restrictions such as prohibition which has caused the formation of the black market. In their efforts to prevent drug
trafficking, governments face many obstacles such as the implementation of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Golden Triangle
A region in Asia known for its production of opium that consists of four countries: Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam, and Thailand.
Golden Crescent
A region in Asia known for its production of opium that consists of three countries: Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iran.
History
As drug prohibition laws came into action, a black market for newly illegal drugs became prevalent. In 19th–century China, the two "Opium Wars"
broke out because of disputes between the British and Chinese. Decades earlier, the British produced large amounts of opium in Bengal, in
Northeastern India, and illegally exported it to China; the Chinese Emperor became wary of the increasing use of opium and rising number of addicts.
In order to control the issue, seeing as the prohibition laws had not been effective, the emperor demanded that foreign companies surrender their opium
to the government. However, when the British firms refused to comply, the emperor banned all importing and held foreigners in the country until firms
were forced to hand over their opium. In response, the British sent troops from India that caused havoc to the coastal region of China, initiating the first
Opium War that resulted in the Treaty of Nanking. The second Opium war followed soon after caused by arguments about the Treaty of Nanking,
therefore resulting in another treaty, the Treaty of

Withdrawin: A Short Story Essay examples
Salmaan walked into the dimly lit bedroom with a small syringe containing a volume of clear liquid, ready for injection. He laid it next to my father,
Aamir, hoping he would agree to take it, and then walked over to the calendar to change the date: April 19th, 2050. He had been one of my father's
most trusted advisors, helping create the largest opium and heroin empire that the world had ever seen. Despite the immense sums of wealth and power
that both garnered throughout their decades of smuggling, distributing, and profiting from a substance that ruined their lives, he felt helpless at the
sight of his friend succumbing to the unfortunate consequence of those many euphoric nights stemming from the white poison. My father refused the ...
He scrambled for a business card he had kept securely in his left shirt pocket, and quickly wrote down a familiar name and number on the back.
After stuffing the piece of paper in my hand, he calmed a bit. My father began, "Irfaan, I gave you everything you needed and could ever want in
life, but the one thing I never gave was an honest answer to your question. Son, I am dying today because of a choice I made, or rather, the career I
chose." He went on to describe his lucrative heroin business and its many intricacies ranging from his partners in crime to his remorse for the damage
he caused. He also related the story of his childhood in Afghanistan and his father, my grandfather, yet another mystery he never spoke of
throughout his life. As he finished, his breathing became shallower and heart rate began to increase until suddenly, it dropped to a feeble pulse. As
he took his final breaths, he lowered his gaze in shame and he whispered, "Promise me that you will put an end to the monster I created, once and
for all, but in a manner that will not tarnish your name nor your conscience. Promise me. Promise me." As he closed his eyes, inhaling one last time,
I repeated the only words that would form on my trembling lips: I promise. My father let out his final breath and passed away, leaving behind a
monster for me to destroy, but also a peaceful smile, reassuring his faith in me and my ability to succeed in my fight against the opium

Essay Illegal Drugs and Its Impacts
According to the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse in 2001, 12% of Americans ages 12 and older reported illegal drug use in the past year
(Drug Policy Information Clearinghouse, 2003). Some of the most popular drugs include marijuana, cocaine, and heroine. With such widespread use
worldwide, illegal drugs have serious social and political impacts. Socially, drug use spreads quickly and is closely related to crimes. Politically, drug
use sparks the debate between prohibition and legalization.
The most widely abuse drug in the United States is marijuana, or cannabis. It has been used since ancient times in South and East Asia. It spread
quickly to the Middle East, and later to North Africa. In 1545, the Spanish brought the plant to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Containing 50 – 70% more carcinogens in its smoke, marijuana may increase the risk of lung cancer, lung infections, or other respiratory illnesses.
Chronic use of marijuana increases the risk of mental problems, such as anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia. Long term use also leads to addiction,
which creates withdrawal symptoms when people stop using the drug. Reported symptoms include craving, irritability, anxiety, and sleeplessness.
(NIDA InfoFacts: Marijuana, 2010)
Cocaine, derived from the coca leaf, is another widely used drug that is outlawed in many countries. Natives of South America chewed coca leaf to
increase their stamina. In time, new ways of processing and synthesizing the leaves created more potent and addictive form of cocaine, now known
popularly as "crack." At first "crack" received widespread support from medical experts and celebrities. Sigmund Freud believed that cocaine can
cure depression and sexual impotence. Coca Cola used cocaine as one of its main ingredients. Even inventor Thomas Edison and actress Sarah
Bernhart promoted the drugs. As time pass by, the negative side effects of cocaine became more of a problem. Eventually, due to public pressure,
cocaine was included in the list of outlawed narcotics of the Dangerous Drug Act of 1920. (Cocaine History, n.d)
Cocaine produces euphoria by interfering with neurotransmitters. It blocks several of these chemicals, such as norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine,

Effects of the United States Failed War on Drugs Policy Essay
Effects of the United States Failed War on Drugs Policy
Hector Arreola
SSCI 306 MWF 10:40–11:50 AM
March 14, 2012
Abstract
The "War on Drugs" policy has been the approach by the United States to protect citizens from the harmful effects of illegal drugs. The article
examines the failures of the war on drug policy has had on society, such as, increasing violence, increasing the prison population, increased spending
of billions of taxpayer funds, and being racially biased against minorities. The war on drugs policy reflects a deeper political agenda and is diverting
attention away from the real issue by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, president after president has adopted the "war" metaphor and declared drugs as a national security risk that must be fought at an
international level to maintain society safe. In Bush's speech to the nation, he states the citizens must come together behind one plan of action, "an
assault on every front" (cited in Elwood, 1995 p. 106). Consequently, the misuse of rhetoric, war metaphors, and the assault on drugs have had a
negative impact on society which has failed American citizens.
Additionally, the war on drugs is also having an impact on minorities and lower socio–economic citizens by imprisoning African–American and
Hispanic citizens at alarming rates. Nationwide, the rate of persons admitted to prison on drug charges for black men is 13 times higher than that for
White men (Fellner, 2000). Currently African–American and Hispanic citizens make up the majority of the prison population that is the result of the
harsher sentencing of drug related crimes. In 1989, the Bush administration targeted the public housing projects by devoting $50 million to fight
crime in the public housing projects. This would help restore order and kick out the dealers for good (cited in Elwood, 1995 p. 104). In 1973, the
Rockefeller drug law was enacted which provided extremely harsh sanction and mandatory minimum prison sentences, for example, sentencing
someone to fifteen years to life for selling an ounce of heroin (as cited in

Drug Trafficking : An Illegal Drug Trading System
Drug trafficking is an illegal drug trading system in which drugs are brought from other countries to the United States. According to the article,
"Crime and Drug Control Policies in the United States" written by Thomas Mieczkowski, illegal drug trafficking from Mexico and Colombia have
been hurting the American society for many years. Drugs have been coming into the U.S. in many different forms and routes especially through the
border of the United States and Mexico (Mieczkowski 2008). The large amounts of drugs brought into America is for intent to sell and make immense
amounts of profit. Most of the drugs coming in from Mexico and other South American countries are all easily grown or produced from where it comes
from. After these drugs enter the U.S. they are given to distributors who supply portions to many different drug dealers and these drug dealers sell the
drugs to the citizens of America. In most cases the buyer of the drugs are drug addicts, or someone that 's just trying sell what they got for more profit
(Mieczkowski 2008). All these different drugs are causing thousands of American teens to become addicts, which leads them to lose control and do
absurd things or die due to overdose on those drugs (The History of Drug Abuse). The DEA and the American government do many things to prevent
drugs coming in from Mexico and confiscate anything they find, but the amount confiscated is nowhere near the amount actually entering the U.S.
(Mieczkowski 2008). Drug

IndiaвЂ™s Drug Policy: Amend or Perish Essay examples
India's Drug Policy: Amend or Perish
GrassRoot: GrassRoot is an Indian Social Science Research Institution with the singular aim of rethinking India's drug policy through interdisciplinary
engagement. It encourages thematic research by according its faculty the privilege to pursue individual research by collaborating with scholars outside
the Institution. The Institution revels as an authority that encourages reformative discourse in drug policy through increased engagement with multiple
stakeholders through social media and public forums. It's able to sustain its independence from persuasive third–parties by being funded through a
combination of research grants, foundation grants, international agencies and its own corpus.
Historical ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Complicates access to pain relief medication: No need speaks for itself more urgently than the fact that within a decade of the NDPS Act's enactment,
medicinal use of morphine dropped by 97% in India, thus, reflecting the disturbing complications that the Act has brought in for patients of dreaded
diseases in the country (Ehospice, 2014).
Loss to exchequer: The most powerful argument for depenalization and decriminalisation of certain illicit drugs would be to save a substantial sum of
the national exchequer that would be otherwise spent on law enforcement agencies and incarcerating drug users. The Indian prisons already suffer from
high occupancy rates some as high as 256% like in the state of Chhattisgarh (Times of India, 2014). Further incarceration only exacerbates this issue.
Stunted Economic Development: The areas that customarily practice cultivation of illicit crops are subjected to the worst kind of neglect and suffer as
victims of State abandonment because of the illicit nature of activity pursued. Consider districts of Lohit and Anjaw in Arunachal Pradesh where opium
production is the primary and secondary source of livelihood respectively. What's disturbing is that 40% of the villages in these

Animal Testing Should Not Be Banned
When people think of cheating they think of copying off a smart student in school, or having somebody else do their homework. However in the
livestock industry cheating happens in many other ways. Obviously, the main goal when showing an animal is to win, or make the sale at their
respective shows. How far will exhibitors actually go to win a show though? In recent years there has been controversy at many major livestock shows
over drug testing, and animals testing hot for illegal drugs which means when tested there was traces found of illegal substances within the animal.
This is not the only way people have been caught cheating though; some exhibitors have switched animals with another exhibitor prior to the show.
Showing an animal at the county fair or state fair is supposed to be an educational experience where kids learn responsibility and hard work, not
getting placed last in class because somebody cheated to win. In an article Drug Testing in Show Animals by Living the Country Life states, "Most
shows are going to do winners, either class winners or champions, depends on how deep they 're going to go, and randoms in a urine test." This quote
is explaining a policy on drug testing at some of the major livestock shows across the United States. Sure, many livestock shows drug test the winners
but how do they actually get punished? The article Drug Testing in Show Animals by Living the Country Life describes, "If drug residues are found,
penalties may include

Global Drug Policy
The global policy on drugs has one main concern, as maintained in the first clause of the 1961 UN Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs: promoting
the health and welfare of mankind (United Nations, 1961). The convention and global drug policy actors have asserted through the years that drugs
pose a threat to this concern, and so an integrated effort to reduce supply, demand and trafficking of said narcotics is the desired course of action
(High Level segment Commission on Narcotic Drugs, 2009). It seems that this course of action became an end of itself instead of a mean to an end of
health and welfare, as mounting evidence shows that the actions taken to achieve this have not only been ineffective in reducing supply, demand and
trafficking; they have also created severe violations of human rights, alongside criminalization, a hazard to public health, and drug cartels which pose a
very real threat to peace and security.
Member states have not been oblivious to the fact that the measures taken have been counterproductive, and an increasing number of states are
dissatisfied with the results of this policy (Doward, 2013). Some have addressed this by decriminalizing possession and use of drugs and introducing
harm reduction programs, considering the issue of demand not a criminal issue but a public health one. The evidence in favor of such programs was
acknowledged by international bodies such as WHO and UNODC, emphasizing that reducing demand should be done through means of

Coca Production Of Coca Plant
Coca: the Fight to Survive
The Coca plant has been cultivated in the Bolivian Andes since at least the time of the Inca Empire. Its cultivation expanded in the 1980s feeding into
the international cocaine market. In response to U.S.–funded attempts to eradicate and fumigate coca crops in the Chapare region of Bolivia, the
indigenous organizations that grow the plant joined together to contest the government in what is known as the cocalero movement. Evo Morales, who
became president of Bolivia in 2006, is a leader of this movement. The United States' desire to suppress cultivation of the Coca plant due to its role in
making Cocaine does not serve as a suitable rationale of eradicating its production and use as it yields many different kinds of benefits.
The production of the coca plant is vital for the role it plays in creating cocaine, but the effects of recreational cocaine use and coca plant use are too
different to eradicate the plant altogether. According to the National Institute of Drug Abuse, Cocaine is a powerfully addictive stimulant drug that
produces short–term euphoria, energy, and talkativeness. In addition, its use can cause potentially dangerous physical effects like raising heart rate and
blood pressure ("Drug Facts: Cocaine"). It goes on to say that in order to sustain their high, people who use cocaine often use the drug in a binge
pattern–taking the drug repeatedly within a relatively short period of time, at increasingly higher doses. "This practice can

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