The Results Of Heteroskedasticity Test Done For Model II...

The Results Of Heteroskedasticity Test Done For Model II...
The result of heteroskedasticity test done for Model II is also shown in Table 5.13 below. The null hypothesis of no heteroskedasticity cannot be
rejected this time too. That means the standard errors, T–statistics and F–statistics done for the model are valid. Table 5. 13 Heteroskedasticity Test
Result for Model II F–statistic0.714Probability0.722 Obs*R–squared9.893Probability0.625 5.6T test for Coefficient Significance The government
expenditure variables were hypothesized to have a positive effect on GDP of the country. This implies that the coefficients on those independent
variables are expected to be positive and a one–tailed test is appropriate. For Model I, the T–test results (Table 5.14) showed that log(RE) and log(CE),
which represent recurrent and capital expenditure respectively are relevant variables while foreign aid is not. Table 5. 14 Result of T test for Model I
VariableCoefficientt–StatisticProb. Null Hypothesis Judgment LOG(CE)0.3713.5050.002RejectedSignificant
LOG(RE)0.5403.5520.001RejectedSignificant LOG(FA)0.1381.5770.126Unable to rejectNot Significant For model II, the hypothesis that the
coefficient is zero is rejected at the 5% significance level only for the three of the independent variables (log(Def), log(Educ), and log(Healt)). Table 5.
15 Result of T test for Model II VariableCoefficientt–StatisticNull Hypothesis Judgment LOG(AGRI)0.0210.479Unable to rejectNot Significant
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Dividend Policy and Share Prices
Introduction
In this paper the impact of dividend policy of the companies on the firm's share prices is analysed and different views in the context of the semi–strong
form of the efficient market hypothesis are contrasted. The overview of the traditional and most recent empirical investigations of the stock market
reaction to the dividend announcements is provided and different findings are discussed and compared.
Three companies have been selected from the FTSE All share price index. These companies are Tesco, Burberry and Vodafone. These firms belong to
different sectors of the economy. Tesco is the largest retailer in the UK, Burberry is a fashion firm and Vodafone is the telecommunication services
company. The dividends and... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Dividend Announcements and Share Prices
Dividend announcements and their impact on share prices can be explained by the semi strong form of the efficient market hypothesis (EMH).
Efficient market hypothesis implies that the only thing that may impact the stock prices is new information, since all other possibly influencing
parameters are already included in the firm's stock price (Palan, 2004).The efficient market hypothesis may be divided into three forms: the weak form,
the semi–strong form, and the strong form. The weak form implies that share prices bear or reflect the past prices and trade volume information, the
semi–strong form adds publicly available information to the weak form, and the strong form adds even insider information to the efficiency approach
(Harder, 2008).
Empirical evidences show that successive changes in stock prices are independent and this independence is in line with the efficient market hypothesis,
as markets promptly react to the new information (Fama et al., 1969). In this context it may be assumed that dividend announcements convey particular
positive information about the company and provide signals about future performance of the firm. The decision about paying dividends is made by the
firm's managers and often supported by shareholders' voting. Since dividend announcements bear useful information, from the efficient market
hypothesis view point this

The Scale And Impact Of Business
This essay addresses the scale and impact of business, in particular environmental impact. First, the notion of business and its purpose will be
discussed. Then the environmental impact of business will be viewed, discussed, and critically assessed using different theories. The term business
has been variously defined by many scholars. For example, O'Sullivan nd Sheffrin (2007) consider business to be an organization that trades in
goods and or services to consumers. Other terms used to describe this trade include enterprise and firm. Businesses are owned by individuals or a
group of individuals as seen in examples such as corporations and cooperatives. Generally, businesses are considered to be part of four
categorizations in terms of the activities they undertake: primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary (Kenessey, 1987). Primary industries deal with
raw materials and undertake extractive activities such as farming, fishing, mining and forestry. The secondary sector manufactures and processes the
raw materials into goods. The tertiary sector also referred to as the service sector, either sells products or goods from the primary sector as well as
expertise and skills such as financial and business services. The quaternary sector is also involved in service provision, however, most of its
undertakings are behind the scenes activities such information and communication technologies and research. The scale of involvement or reliance on
these sectors varies from country to

Oil and Dutch Disease
ECONOMICS FOR BUSINESS
Project Report on –
Oil and the recent
вЂџDutch DiseaseвЂџ
– The Case of the United Arab
Emirates
Submitted by –
Amitava Manna
1|Page
Table of Contents
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 2
Purpose ......................................................................................................................................................... 3
UAE Background ........................................................................................................................................... 4
Theoretical Framework ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study U.A.EвЂџs development in economic growth since 1975 and establish if there are any signs of the Dutch
Disease by testing the ratio of tradable goods to non– tradable goods and the effects by other macroeconomic variables.
3|Page
UAE Background
U.A.E consists of the seven emirates Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, RaВґs al–Khaimah, Ajman,
Umm al–Qaiwain and Fujairah, which are located on the southern Arabian Gulf. On the 2nd of
December 1971, the country became independent after being under British rule for a period of 70 years. The independence and discovery of oil
triggered the economic development in U.A.E which led to a huge expansion in the population. The population boom in U.A.E is a result of the
increased demand for labor throughout the past four decades and consists for the most part (83%) of labor from foreign countries referred to as
expatriates. United NationвЂџs (UN) database illustrates the division of the labor from two perspectives; first from the year 2000 compared to the
changes that prevailed in 2010. Female participation and male participation in 2000 consisted of 34.4% in the former group and 92% in the latter
group. As stated in the introduction, one of the impacts when an economy is experiencing signs of the Dutch Disease is the high inflation rate followed

by a change in the real exchange rate. Fluctuations in the

Informal Sector Essay
Since the informal sector is believed to make a great contribution to an economy, there are a number of research papers which have been done in this
sector. Some research has been done in relation to small–business participation in the informal sector. A prime example is from Trinidad and Tobago,
considered as an emerging economy, whereby people have the perception of avoiding tax while performing their business and is the reason why people
engage in the informal sector. The focus is on socioeconomic, demographic, and attitudinal characteristics that influence people to run their small
business (Sookran & Watson, 2008).
Moreover, Sookram & Watson (2008) in their research on 'Small–business participation in the informal sector of an emerging economy' explain that the
word "informal sector" refers to the production of goods and services for market orientation, which is not captured in the estimation of a country's GDP
whether these activities are legal or illegal. The contribution of the informal sector to the national economy in the third world economies ranges from 20
to 70 %. It has been commonly thought that the informal sector is the sector linked with the poor and marginalized. However, in reality this sector
attracts many people regardless of their social status and educational background. Thus, clearly policy makers need to look at this sector as it offers
great economic advantages to both poor people and the country.
The purpose of the study conducted by Sookram &

Kelloggs Case Study
g 'sName:
University:
Course:
Tutor:
Date:
Kellogg's Case Study
Question One:
There are three key sectors of the supply chain, namely; primary, secondary and tertiary sectors. The former encompasses all processes and activities
geared towards transforming natural resources into primary products which are then to be used in manufacturing finished products (Choi, 2011). For
instance, the forestry industry falls under the primary sector bearing in mind the fact that it focuses on transforming a natural resource, i.e. trees, into a
primary product (timber).
On the other hand, the secondary sector is concerned with transforming the primary products generated from the primary sector into finished products.
For instance, Kellogg's is a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This gives a candid explanation as to why Kellogg's entered into an agreement with Tesco meant to allow its products to continue being displayed in the
latter's stores. Kellogg's collaboration with tertiary sector entities can also be attributed to its allure in ensuring it continues to purport successful
business activities. For instance, maintaining good relationships with banks makes it possible for the entity to acquire additional funds to finance its
operations or investment activities (Leeman, 2010).
Question Four: The major benefit that can be realized from the decision of large manufactures like Kellogg's to outsource some its activities to
specialist companies like TDG is that of making the former's supply chain and distribution channels to become more efficient. The achievement of this
objective is usually facilitated through the emphasis of these specialist entities to employ computerized systems while purporting stock handling and
logistic functions for their clients, with this enhancing the timely and cost efficient delivery of stock in the larger manufacturers' retail stores (Choi,
2011). Moreover, these specialists assist larger firms such as Kellogg's to minimize the wastages which normally occur within their supply chains, more
so through streamlining their transportation, distribution and storage systems (Leeman,

Case Study : Industry Self Regulation Without Sanctions :...
Self–Regulatory Arrangements: Exploring the Power of Business in Self–Regulatory Regimes Luis A. Santiago–Gaetan University of
Massachusetts–Amherst Case Studies Case Study #1: Industry Self–Regulation Without Sanctions: The Chemical Industry's Responsible Care Program
(King and Lenox, 2000) According to the study, the creators of the Responsible Care Program claim that it was created to "promote continuous
improvement in member company environmental, health and safety performance in response to public concerns, and to assist members '
demonstration of their improvements to critical public audiences" (King and Lenox, 2000). It is also documented in the study that the authors claim
that the Responsible Care Program was created in October 1989 (King and Lenox, 2000). Actually, during the conducting of this study, the researcher
found discrepancies with that timeline. According to official documents from the American Chemistry Council, formerly known as the Chemical
Manufacturers Association (CMA), the Responsive Care Initiative was enacted and launched in Canada in 1985 by the Chemistry Industry
Association of Canada (ACC, 2013). Additionally, later in 1988 was adopted by the American Chemistry Council, which back then was CMA, since
then, the Responsible Care Program Guiding Principles have been revised many times (ACC, 201). During the 1980's and more specific the during the
period when the Responsible Care Initiative was enacted in 1985, the chemical industry as a

Comparison Between Developing And Developed Nations
Both developing and developed nations were part of the set. The developed nations consisted of 47% of the total set. We started with 43 nations and
dropped a few countries later from the analysis because of missing data.
4. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
Table 2 shows the correlation results among various variables. Averageservice is correlated with all cultural dimensions, except for MF and the
correlations are in predicted directions of hypotheses 1–3.
The OLS regression results are shown in Table 3. Here also we find that the coefficients of all cultural dimensions (except for MF) area significant and
in predicted directions. This provides support for hypotheses 1–3, but not for hypothesis 4. The model explains 54% of the variance of SVA in our
sample.
To prove hypothesis 5 we selected average service values representing activities in four service sectors: Avg. ICT, Avg. FinIns, Avg. Transport and
Avg. Travel. The OLS results are mixed. Results in Table 4 show that only model 2 (please refer to the methodology section earlier) with Avg. ICT as
dependent variable has three cultural dimensions significant with expected signs, and Insurance service sector model (model 3 with Avg. FinIns as
dependent variable) has one dimension UA significant with expected sign. Transport service sector model with Avg. Transport as dependent variable
(model 4) has IC significant with a negative sign. Also Travel services sector model (model 5 Avg. Travel) has MF significant with a positive sign. All

Pob Sba
Principles of Business School Based
Assessment
"Eastern Restaurant and Bar"
"Great Satisfaction"
Name: Jayvaughn Riley
Candidate Registration #: 100069________
Center Number: 10069
Subject: Principles of Business
Teacher: Ms. Higgins
School: Marcus Garvey Technical High School
Territory: Jamaica
Date of Submission: _____
Table Content
Title Page Introduction 1
Acknowledgement2
Description of the Business3
Justification of Location 4 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This in turn reduces the cost of production for the establishment.
3. Proper Infrastructure
In the area, facilities such as water and electricity are accessible which allows production to be efficient. By expansion, productivity which speaks to
the rate at which goods and services are produced per person will increase. Profit will be generated through this.

Selection of Appropriate Labour
The types of labour that will be necessary in the establishment are professional skilled, semi– skilled and unskilled. The establishment will employ
Sixteen (16) persons including the entrepreneur. The duties of the employees will be as follows:
A bartender that assist with selling Refreshments.
The entrepreneur will have the role of the accountant and therefore handles all the money that comes into the establishment at the end of each day and
does the payroll.
There will a professional chef and an assistant cook who both will have the job of preparing the meals at the highest quality that will be offered to the
customers on a daily basis.
The waiter and waitress will both play the role of customer service representatives and take the orders of the customers and present them their meals in
a modern and attractive manner.
The cashier collects payments for the meals ordered during the daily periods. There will be four delivery persons, a driver and

Essay about P3 Unit 1 Business
P3 Explain how businesses are classified using local and national examples For this part of my coursework I am going to find out about three different
sectors which are primary, secondary, tertiary. For each of them I will give two examples for each local and national businesses. Primary Sector The
activities of businesses in this sector are all involved with producing or obtaining raw materials or natural products from land or the sea. The main
categories are shown in the following. Agriculture, hunting and logging: the production such as vegetables and cereals, animal farming landscape
gardening and horticultural businesses. Forestry and logging: planting, conserving and felling timber, including Christmas trees.... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Heavy engineering companies make goods comprising large sections of metals, such as ships or cranes. Energy production: the production and
distribution of electricity, gas and water. It therefore includes businesses like E.ON and British Gas as well as regional water companies, such as
Severn Trent and water collection and bottling companies. Wind farms are also included in this group. Construction: Includes house builders such
as Bryant Homes and civil engineering companies such as John Laing and Carillion and Sir Alfred McAlpine. Between them they construct all
types of buildings in additional to motorways, bridges, road and railways. Also included are electricians, plumbers, plasters, joiners, painters and
glaziers who work on building sites. Examples of local and national businesses that are involved in different types of activities in secondary sector.
Little miss buttercups bakery Jack.Ian high builders Ford motors Greggs plc. Tertiary Sector This is the largest sector. It includes every type of
business offering a service and is also known as the service sector. Private services: purchased by a businesses and individuals. They are offered by
privately owned businesses such as retailers, accountants, banks, private clients and private hospitals, publishers, transport and distribution firms, travel
agencies and many others.

Report on Classification Of Business Essay
Report on Classification Of Business
Classification of Businesses according to their types of activity:
Primary Sector Businesses: The gathering of raw materials, such as fish, oil, or coal from the land or sea or growing using the earth to grow things
such as crops or trees
Examples: Rio Tinto (Mining), JCI Gold (Mining), Anglo Amer (Mining),
BP (Oil and Gas), and Soco International (Oil and Gas).
Secondary Sector Businesses: The processing of raw materials into finished goods. Examples of this are food production, computer component
manufacture, and car manufacture.
Examples: Schweppes (Food and Drink), Unilever (Food and Drink), Intel
(Computer Component Production) and Ati (Computer Component
Production). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Currently the top company in the UK using this method is;
HSBC Group (Banking) ($M673, 474)
Definitions of Business Localities
Local: Businesses trading within, and not exceeding the bounds of the local area, normally defined as within a county or town.
National: Businesses trading within, and not exceeding the bounds of one country.
International: Businesses trading worldwide, between two or more countries. Classification of Business according to their objective(s):

A profit driven business would have its only, or more commonly, its main objective set as making as much money as possible. A non
–profit driven
business would have different objectives, such as to survive, or, in the case of the business being a charity, to give as much money as possible to
needy causes.
An example of a profit driven business is Microsoft Corporation
(Software), with a turnover of $Thou 25,296,000
An example of a non–profit driven business is the MOD (Ministry of
Defence), the main aim being to provide a defence service.
Report on Two Businesses in my local area:
The two businesses I have chosen to report on are: Marks & Spencer
Plc, and Marconi.
These are both international businesses, but both have local branches.
Marks & Spencer Plc is an international retailer with 718 locations across 34 countries. The business sells clothing,

Interdependence With The Household Sector
What is interdependence interdependence is to rely on someone or something else to live or survive. and in the case of Cadburys the other sectors in
the economy. Cadburys is a business and has and underlying goal to make a profit which it can't accomplish independently therefore it is interdependent.
Without The consumers/households Cadburys had no way to supply its labour to work of their machines and run their business. They also have no
one buying their chocolate. If they can't make any money in New Zealand they will close, or more somewhere they can make a profit . which means
many people will lose a source of income
See Cadburys can't make chocolate on their own
History of Cadburys in dunedin
Cadburys
Interdependence with the household sector
The house hold sector is defined as a 1 or more individuals who live in the same dwelling and share meals and/or living accommodation. This part of
the sector is interdependent with the government, finical and producer sector. Households usually receive an income from a business or from the
government. some of this will go to business and the extra will go to the finical sector as savings.
Cadbury is the third biggest employer in dunedin at at the busiest times of the year has approximately 550 workers with 200 being seasonal. These
house holds rely on cadburys for their income so they can go about their life which will include buy groceries which every once in a while will include
a block of cadburys chocolate.
But

The Transition And Opening Up And Growth Of The Service...
Group A
Studies on China Economy
Victor Alberto Han Zou
2014059013 The Transition and Opening up and Growth of the Service Sector of China
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to show the transition of China from an economy dominated by the manufacturing to a more stable economy dominated by
services. In recent years, many people were thinking about why the GDP (gross domestic product) of China has drop drastically from 11% to 7%.
Well, that is an intentional cooling down that the country is doing to make the transition from industrial to service sector also known as tertiaryindustry
. Through many years, the industrial sector was the one that contributed more to the GDP of the country; but now, China is changing this to a more
stable and sustainable economy by opening up its service sector and the 12th Five–Year Plan of China (2011–2015) is helping to accomplish this task.
In 2013, for the first time of the history the service sector overpass the industrial sector in the contribution to the GDP.
Key words: Transition, Gross Domestic Product, Industrial Sector, Tertiary Industry, and Sustainable Economy.
I.Introduction
Since 1978 when Deng Xiaoping took away the centrally planned economy and introduced the capitalistic market reform, China has witnessed
tremendous transitions and growth. This tremendous growth lasted for 30 years. Between 1983 and 2013, the GDP of China has an annual grow of
10.2%. Also, China has transformed from a sleeping rural, to a giant

Economic Theory Of Globalization ( Huttons And Giddens,...
The paper effectively highlights a research gap on the interesting topic of service innovation. In addition, the paper makes a theoretical contribution to
the economic theory of globalization (Huttons and Giddens, 2001). On a constructive note, the unit of analysis needs to be clarified and the mix of top
journal articles in the literature review needs improvement. A flaw in the paper is the lack of a conceptual model which would depict the relationships
between the constructs and provide support for the hypotheses. The research method is straightforward, but the applicability of the dated Hofstede
(2001) data requires further explanation. Without further rationale, a fair criticism could be the paper is a belated spin–off from arguably overused
Hofstede (2001) data. Moreover, the lack of attention to detail, including numerous grammatical and reference errors, distracts the reader from the
content. Lastly, the results and analysis are well presented and supported with practical guidance to transnational businesses.
Author Comments:
This review evaluates the scientific rigor and the contribution of the paper to the academic literature, advancement of theoretical concepts, and business
practice. Furthermore, the review addresses the quality, readability, methodology and the interest of the topic to the perspective journal audience. The
framework, shown in Figure 1, was used to structure the review and categorize comments.
Research Motivation
The interesting and relevant

Business Vs. Government Owned Business
Most Military Soldiers believe that when they get out of the Military and start a business that there is only one type of business they can own. They
also believe that they will not have any problems in achieving their own business goals and will have stability in that business. This is why they have
to set long and short term goals. Look at privately owned business vs. government owned business and the pros and cons of making your choice of
business. When making that choice of either business type education level, wages, benefits, and total compensation are an affecting factor to a positive
or negative outcome.
Accomplishment, Issues, and Concerns
The state of this project, including accomplishment, issues, and concerns are as followed: when doing the research, finding sufficient information to
support the entire topic outline is difficult to find, narrow down, and changes from country to country. However, the choice of privately owned business
vs. government owned business have been broken down into a small sample population of ten Military Soldiers out of twenty–five that are attending a
class called, "Boots to Business." While looking at the pros and cons of education level, wages, benefits, and total compensation, one can become
somewhat familiar with the research topic by experience, while testing the validity, reliability, and obtain the purpose of this research. The tenSoldier
names and identity will stay confidential and private; unless otherwise

Case Analysis : Patel Supermarket Store
Introduction
When I worked in Patel Supermarket for an around two years in India, the organization has its branches in urban areas of the nation and it is one the
renowned basic need retail mark, the organization has fitting records division, advertising office and IT office, the organization offers a wide mixed
bag of basic need related items both cooked and uncooked alongside a colossal mixed bag of day by day essentials items. What 's more, around then
when I was working there around eighty laborers used to work over yonder in three movements. Also, in the wake of examining this subject when I
backpedaled rationally in my working history then I understood that I have seen such occurrences in past which are identified with two speculations all
through my employment in Patel Supermarket
Selected issues and related them to a precise theory
First issue
Really, Patel Supermarket store was financed by eleven financial specialists and a speculators ' percentage were additionally running their comparative
stores in different urban communities of the nation. All things considered each speculator was enthusiastic to have a more noteworthy level of income
on contributed capital while the store 's supervisor needed to verify that the business is continuing in smooth layer, he was not hazard taking individual,
and I would clarify this issue in light Agency theory.
Second issue: while the second issues which I saw there was interest of laborers for expanding their pay, indeed

Youth Unemployment and Implication for Political Stability...
YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT AND IMPLICATION FOR POLITICAL STABILITY IN NIGERIA (1999
–2011)
YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT AND IMPLICATION FOR POLITICAL STABILITY IN NIGERIA (1999
–2011)
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
In Nigeria, civil rule has been restored for over a decades ago, which has given people so much hopes and expectations for political stability to enjoy
the value of democratic rule. For instance, it is assumed that with democracy, people would be free to choose their leaders and representatives and hold
them accountable for the overall objective of fast tracking development and improving the general living conditions of the masses. This expectation is
not misplaced considering that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The resulting effect is the large number of job seekers who have no place in the oil industry. Even with the expansion of the industry, unemployment has
continued to grow at an alarming rate.
The poor economic enabling environment that characterizes the economy over the years has continued to pose serious challenges to employment
generation in Nigeria. This, coupled with poor security environment has continued to hamper investment drives and thereby reducing the prospects of
employment generation. Many job seekers who would have embarked on self – employment programs are unable to so because of the hostile
production environment. Others who make attempt are forced to wind up due to absence of infrastructures and the overall heat of the investment
environment.
The consequences of unemployment in Nigeria are very severe and threatening to the citizenry and the economy as a whole. The unemployment
episode has continued to pose so many challenges to the survival of the Nigerian nation. While some of these consequences bother directly on the
unemployed, others like epidemics are limitless in effects. All these anomalies will be examined in the subsequent chapters of this research work.
1.3. Objective of the Study
The primary objective of this research work is to look at the socio–economic effect of youth unemployment on the Nigeria society.
Specifically, the research seeks to:

1.To examine the implications of youth

The Use of Debt in the Capital Structure of Companies
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The study generally aims to fill the gap in the literature by empirically examining the relationship between the use of debt in the capital structure of
companies and the factors related to the capital structure. Specifically the objectives of this research are to achieve the following:– To identify factors
affecting a firm's leverage by multiple regressions analysis of determinants of leverage full sample as well as sector by sector and index by index and
comprise them. To analyze the relationship between firm characteristics variables and policy and decision variables with leverage of firm. To examine
empirically the pecking order theory of capital structure, full sample as well as sector by sector and index by index and comprise them. To examine
empirically the traditional trade–off theory by target adjustment model, full sample as well as sector by sector and index by index and comprise them.
To suggest which theory of capital structure is explaining financing behavior of firms listed on National Stock Exchange of India (NSE) as well as
firms in different sectors and different indexes.
Research gaps There is no comprehensive study on the financing behavior of the enlisted firms in NSE India. Some variables have been tested by
some researchers; nevertheless, there has not been significant emphasis on variables such as "the effect of market–to–book equity ratio on leverage".
The methodology will incorporate both time series analysis and

Interest Rate And Interest Rates
1.1 Background of the Study Interest rate is the amount of interest due per period, as a proportion of the amount lent, deposited or borrowed (called the
principal sum). The total interest on an amount lent or borrowed depends on the principal sum, the interest rate, the compounding frequency, and the
length of time over which it is lent, deposited or borrowed (Wikipedia). Interest rate as policy instrument can be used to foster meaningful
macroeconomic stability,the rate of interest exacts its influence on the macro economy by transmitting through savings, investment, output,
employment, money supply and balance of payment. As a return on investment in financial assets, interest rate serves as... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The country 's agricultural products is divided into two main groups: food crops and cash crops produced for home consumption and exports. The
special interest of Government in the Agricultural sector is due to its relevance in the provision of raw materials for industries and most importantly
the provision of food for the teaming population of Nigeria. (Akiri and Adofu 2007). Basically,agriculture provides 65% employment opportunities for
the population to reduce poverty and contributes to the growth of the economy (Okoro, 2011). The development of agriculture in Nigeria has been
slow despite the various agricultural policies. In fact, the government recognized the unhealthy condition(such as lack of access to technology, lack of
access to farm inputs, lack of financial empowerment, high risk etc.) of Nigerian agricultural sector since 1970, and has formulated and introduced a
number of programmes and strategies aimed at resolving this situation. These measures includes, introduction of scheme such as the River Basin
Development Authority (1979), National Accelerated Food Production (NAFP) was introduced in 1972, Operation Feed the Nation (OFN) was
inaugurated

Weak Police Systems
Weak Police Systems
Kameron Greene
University of Louisiana at Lafayette
From the past research on my topic about lack of police in the community, high crime is the cause of not having enough police in the community. I
recently talked about the effects of lack of police and the effect on the community in my recent papers. According to my hypothesis, the lack of police
in communities is what I truly believe what makes a difference in crime rates. With that being said, I did social research on what scientist reported to
make a claim to support my hypothesis. A research article I found online entitled, "The Effects of Local Police Surges on Crime and Arrests in New
York City", published by John MacDonald, Jeffrey Fagan, and Amanda Geller has enough... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The community is my focus group and the only way to reach out to these people is to do social activities like interviews or even questionnaires. This
would be my plan to test my hypothesis and receive results. With doing social research, there are some strengths and weaknesses. Starting with
questionnaires, a few of strengths are that questionnaires are a cheap, it's a quick method of research, and large amounts of data can be processed and
analyzed quickly. Some weaknesses of questionnaires are that people not understanding a question, it's also impersonal, and people can also lie on
questionnaires. For interviews, there are strengths and weaknesses also for this method. Some strengths of this method are that interviews are
personalized, practical, flexible, and interviews can also go far in depth than questionnaires. For the weaknesses, interviews can be expensive, unreliable
information, and interviews can be influenced by the presence of the researcher. Any research method dealing with hypothesis has strength and

The Impact Of Financial Flexibility On A Not For Profit
In 2015, Krishnamurthy Surysekar, Elizabeth Turner, and Clark Wheatley published "On the Association between Donor
–Imposed Financial
Inflexibility and Future Donations to Charitable Organizations" in the Journal of Management Accounting Research. Surysekar, et. al conducted
research to answer the following research question: what is the impact of financial flexibility on a not–for profit (NTP) organization? Surysekar, et. al
found that donations and donor–imposed restrictions have a positive association until the donations reach a particular threshold. When the donations
reach the threshold, they decline and diminish. Surysekar, et. al began by gathering information regarding restricted donations. Often, NFP's expand
their activities beyond the organization's mission and skill set. This can lead to the misuse of funds as well as fraud. Donors impose restrictions to
ensure that the money is used for activities that they value while simultaneously meeting the goals of the organization (64). Donors can impose
restrictions such as the following: 1) the organization may only use the interest from the donation to meet the goals of the NFP or 2) the donation
may only be used for a particular purpose or program. However, restricted donations may inhibit a NFP's ability to grow (65). Several studies in the
NFP and for–profit sector were used to form Surysekar, et. al's hypothesis. The previous studies found the following: 1) the link between NFP
performance and financial

The Effect of Deregulation Policies on the Profitability...
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.1 Background of the study
Organization, corporations or establishment, just like the governments are governed by rules and regulations, in the same way every economy set out
goals, which it achieves, through various means. Vibratory and fiscal policies are the stimulant to any nation economic development, especially with
regards to Nigeria. However, in this study, the attention of this is mainly on the influence of deregulation on banks profitability in Nigeria. The
discussion on the deregulation can be effectively carried out without understanding what monetary policy is all about. In this content, monetary policy
could be defined as a policy which deals with discretionary control of money ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These objectives were to be achieved through a determined price system and deregulation of economy.
Deregulation is regarded as a major policy or strategy for revitalizing the economy. This is based on the fact that determination which embraces the
removal of inhabiting controls on business and economic activities, will encourage competition, increase the level of investment and efficient
allocation of resources. The financial sector and the banking industry in particular regarded as the oil that keeps the wheels of economy moving, has
continued to experiences the force of deregulation in different areas of it operations. The deregulation of the industry started in 1987, with the
liberalization of interest rate. The reform exercise has affected other areas of banking activities, against this background. The study will focus on the
deregulation on the banking industry, process of deregulation, dimensions of deregulation, evaluation of reforms and effects on the banking industry. In
the process of analysis, reference will be on the zenith Bank plc and Diamond Bank plc.
1.2 Statement of the problem: The banking industry, due to its intricate nature has been encountering problems, such as capital inadequacies, excessive
liquidity, bank distress and subsequent legibility in order to minimize and eradicate

Essay On Cronyism And Nepotism
The problem that the researchers intended to study was clearly stated. In problem that existed is that due to favouritism, nepotism and cronyism the
vacancies and job opportunities in Pakistan are not being fulfilled base on the applicant's qualification, experience and other necessary skills. The
problem is of practical importance, because it helps to determine the significant impact that favouritism, nepotism and cronyism within the working
environment of the public sector organizations of Pakistan. The purpose of the study, as stated in the abstract, is to "examine the effects of favouritism,
nepotism and cronyism on job satisfaction in the public sector organizations of Pakistan. The research paper also hopes to determine the validity of the
following three hypothesis:
1.Favouritism will have a negative relationship on job satisfaction
2.Nepotism will have a negative relationship on job satisfaction
3.Cronyism will have a negative relationship on job satisfaction Key terms that exist within the research paper are clearly identified and defined. These
key terms are nepotism, favouritism, cronyism, job satisfaction and public sector organization.
Review of Literature
The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The data were quantitative data and was represented in a tabular form. The data collected has disproved the original hypothesis as it was discovered
that favouritism, nepotism and cronyism all have a positive effect on job satisfaction, in the Pakistan. The result may be due to certain limitation that
limited the effectiveness of the research. Perhaps the two major weakness that resulted in the hypothesis being disproved are the study was not
conducted from the organizational point of view, but from the employees point of view and also that the study was conducted within the public sector,
and may have led to different result should it have been conducted within the private

Business Ownership Of Sainsbury 's And Oxfam
"BUSINESSES ON OUR DOORSTERP"
Written by Sadia Raihana Mridha
Introduction
The purpose of this assignment is to understand the range of different businesses and their ownership. I chose Sainsbury's and Oxfam as they are
businesses with different characteristics from each other, as I needed to choose one big company (such as PLC (public limited company) or LTD (private
limited company)) and a small business (such as partnership, sole trader, non–for–profit business). In fact, Sainsbury's is a supermarket and Oxfam a
charity. This assignment will cover the purpose and ownership of the two businesses, the stakeholders of each business and how they affect the business.
Task 1A:
Business ownership and purpose
пѓ Sainsbury's:
Sainsbury was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sainsbury's have 157,000 employees and the amount of money that they profits per year is ВЈ25,632 million as 23 million customers come per week
which demonstrates that it is a profit maker. The total sale of Sainsbury's was +4.3% (including VAT, excluding fuel) in 2013, whereas the
"like–to–like" sale was +1.8% (including VAT, excluding fuel) in 2013.
The scale
There are five different scales: local, regional, national, international and global. The local scale is when a business is found in the local area, for
example Annie's Salon. Regional scale is when a business is found in a specific region such as England. National scale is when the business is
found in a national scale, e.g. in the UK (Tesco). International scale in when that specific brand is found in more than a country within a specific
continent, for example Pupa which is found just in Italy and France. Global scale is similar to the international scale; however, the main difference is
that in the global scale, the business is found in more than one continent, i.e. McDonalds. Sainsbury is in a local, regional and national scale as it can
be found in the local area, it is in England, but because it is found also in other regions, it is national. However, it cannot be international as Sainsbury's
is located just in UK.
The sector
There are three different sectors: primary, secondary and tertiary. Primary sector is from where the products are being

Relationship Between Strategic Budgetary System And Power...
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.0 Introduction The focus of this study was to investigate the relationship between
strategic budgetary system and power infrastructure development in Nigeria. Secondary data were gathered from Central Bank of Nigeria,
Ministry of finance, Accountant General Office of the Federation, Budget Office of the Federation, Power Holding Company of Nigeria Plc, and
Nigerian Electric Regulatory Commission. Surveys were also conducted at six public sector organizations at federal level in Nigeria. This chapter
provides a brief summary of the study, and summary of findings. The conclusion of the study is also presented, followed by recommendations and
suggestions for further research. 5.1 Summary of the Study The first chapter of the study started with the background to the study followed by
statement of the problem based on six specific gaps in the body of knowledge. Subsequently, five objectives were focused, which led to five research
questions. Five propositions were also formulated. This chapter also discussed the study variables which were operationalized. The significance and
scope of the study were also discussed and ended with operational definition of terms. Chapter two of the study contained the review of literature which
offered concisely the foundation for conceptual, theoretical, and empirical framework. It also gave the precise description of the findings and
conclusions of previous studies that were related to the problem

Consolidation and Bank Performance
Review of literature: Consolidation and bank performance
Consolidation means that the two firms agreed to play together in a single entity. One firm merges with another house to increase strengthen of market
power helps to grow the profitability of the two houses has been dealt. All the same, one firm is acquiring to take another firm due to regulatory
perceptions, declining shareholder value and ``too big to fail" (the depository financial institution is starting to fail) conditions government force this
bank to merge with healthier banks are carrying this small or weaker banks through acquisitions. Although small banks cannot compete with large and
foreign banks, because of scarcity of resources are determined such as size, capital of the banks, bank assets, liquidity ratio, special services to the
customer, technology, economics environmental changes to involve the low banks.
According to Jacqueline Sand ``Bank consolidation refers to the process where a bank mergers or takes over another. Such a move enables expansion
of the bank by eliminating competition. An example is the merging of Washington Mutual with J.P. Morgan.''
According to Sloam and Arlond ``Consolidation is a fuse of the assets and liabilities in whole or in parts of two or more business establishments and
the coming together of firms. It can also mean large sizes, large shareholder base and large number of depositors''.
Both mergers and acquisitions are a really important instrument to consolidate the

The Growth Of New Business
During the course of the study, it was found that the growth of new business had not been very consistent from 1981 to 2005. During pre reforms
period, individual business, all group insurance and total business were Rs. 2896.95 crore, Rs. 5899.36 crore and Rs. 8796.31 crore respectively in
1981. During post reforms period, individual business, all group insurance and total business amounted to Rs. 179481.39 crore, Rs. 117745.60 crore
and Rs. 297226.45 crore respectively in 2005. Growth rate of new business, all group insurance and total business ranged between –9.67 percent to
54.34 percent, –8.46 percent to 54.34 percent and – 9.20 percent to 38.50 percent respectively. Individual business, all group insurance and total
business of LIC showed compound annual growth rate of 18.76 percent, 13.28 percent and 15.80 percent respectively for the entire period. 257 As for
as contribution of LIC and private companies to the total investments of the life insurance sector, during the period under study was concerned LIC
contributed the maximum share of total investment. The maximum annual variation in case of investment of LIC and total investment was in the year
2009–10, which were 23.19 percent and 31.51 percent respectively. The minimum annual variation for LIC was 10.49 percent in the year 2011–12 and
10.35 percent in 2012–13 for total investment. Growth rate of investment of private companies ranged between 9.51 percent to 94.96 percent. The
compound annual growth rate

Maggi 2 Minute Noodles Essay
The purpose of Maggi 2–Minute Noodles is that it is a simple, quick, convenient meal. Boiling water is the only ingredient which needs to be added
which makes it easy to make.
The reason I have chosen to do my assignment on Maggi 2–Minute Noodles is that it is a very popular brand and it is an inexpensive, quick meal
enjoyed by so many people.
The Various Sectors of Industry involved in Maggi 2–Minute Noodles
Primary Sector Activities:
The primary sector is involved in the harvesting of the raw materials of my product.
List of raw materials:
There are three key ingredients in wheat based noodles which are wheat flour, water and salt. Starch, polyphosphates and hydrocolloids are also added.
The other raw materials in the flavouring powder ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The effect of the formal and informal sectors on my product
Both the formal and informal sector have a great effect on my product. Maggi 2–Minute Noodles is a convenient meal which can be purchased from all
supermarkets and shops. In the informal sector it is sold to the communities and it is a cheap meal and an easy meal to make as it only requires water
to be made.
Why the informal sector is so important in South Africa
There is a very wide range of economic activities in the informal sector in South Africa. The informal sector is made up of street vendors, taxi drivers,
home based care workers and rubbish collectors.
The most popular in the informal sector is the retail trade of goods and services. Over 1 million people are involved in this activity and another 300
000 in community and social services. Together these sectors make up around 60% of all employment in the informal economy. The informal sector
assists with job creation and reduces unemployment and poverty in South Africa.
Flow

How Investment Is An Essential Element For Growth Of The...
Investment is defined as "an essential element for growth of the country and translate economy into a robust economy" (Hemadivya and Rama Devi).
Investment is what makes changes in an economy. Equity is the residual interest of a company. Investors are investing their money into a company
hoping that in return they will get more than what they invested. While there is time when there is a gain in an investment; there is also time when
an investment ends in a loss. There are many factors that can influence the change of price of equity share, but according to Hemadivya and Rama
Devi, supply and demand is the basic factors for price of equity share. When there is an increase in purchasing of stocks, then there is a demand of the
stocks... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There have been many studies done on earnings per share and its effect on market share price, and they found that earnings per share are what
determine the market price. The first study conducted by Faris Nasif AL– Shubiri shows that changes in stock price can be affected by macro and micro
economic factors. Simple and multiple regression were used and he found that "there is a highly positive significant relationship between market
price of stock and net asset value per share" (Hemadivya & Rama Devi). The second study by Dr. Sanjeet Sharma analyzed earnings per share and
market price, and he found that "earning per share is a strong determinant of market price" (Hemadivya & Rama Devi). The third study by Malakar
and Gupta analyzed the share prices of eight similar companies and took inconsiderate of dividend per share, earnings per share, retained earnings,
and sales proceeds of each company, and found that "earnings per share is [a] significant determinant of share price" (Hemadivya & Rama Devi). The
fourth study by Tuli, Nishi, and Mittal gathered 105 earnings ratios from 105 companies and used them in a cross sectional analysis. From the cross
sectional analysis, they found that "earnings per share were significant in determining the share price" (Hemadivya & Rama Devi). In the fifth study by
Malhotra, a study was done on four different industries, and the result showed that "earnings per share had positive and significant influence on market
price of equity shares.

next plc ratio analysis
Efficient market hypothesis and stock price movements Corporate finance, Lecturer–David Mutlow, 31/10/13 Student no–21185372 Contents 1.
Introduction 2. Fundamental and Technical analysis 3. Efficient market... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
4) In an efficient market there is no uncertainty because all available information known by everyone, but in in efficient market there is an uncertainty
so we don't know which company makes profit. Which will not be? Increase in business uncertainty activity changes the opinion of investors; it cause
to decreased investment in the particular sectors, compared to increased investment in a sector which offers certainty. The increased in uncertainty
lead to bubbles take place in the market, if investors decrease to invest in a particular sector which leads to its decrease in bubble. There would be no
bubbles created in the efficient market. In the efficient market everyone make a decision based on the information they have got. In the real
circumstances, there is an agency problem so the agents know more information than the shareholder, so they make high investment and make
abnormal profit. This is known as a corporate fraud. If the investors find out about this the fraudulent activity then this cause to stop the investments in
particular sector. This lead to decrease share price in particular sector. If the price gone up this means that market is in–efficient. In the efficient market
no one can make profit by trading information because it's available on public and new information available as well. In real circumstances arbitrage
opportunities are created based on new information and

Comparative Study On Efficiency Of Public And Private...
Comparative Study on Efficiency of Public and Private Sector banks in Peshawar: A Case Study of ABL and NBP
Abstract This paper investigates the efficiency of public and private sector banks in Peshawar. For this purpose, we have taken the secondary data
from income statement, balance sheet and other financial reports of banks for the year for the year 2010, 2011 and 2012.We have used ratio analysis
technique on financial statements of the two banks to find out the efficiency that which sector banks is more efficient. Both banks are considered very
big and important financial institution for providing services to government employee and general publics. The all ratios result reveals that ABL is
more efficient than the NBP and on the basis of these findings it accepts the hypothesis that "The private sector banks are more efficient than public
sector banks in Peshawar" and reject the hypothesis "The public sector banks are more efficient than private sector banks in Peshawar". we realize in
this study that the private sector banks in Peshawar have better management and control over it as compare to public sectors bank. we suggest that
Investors should invest in private sector banks rather t public sector banks in Peshawar and Recommended some good suggestions for the betterment of
Public sectors banks.
Key words: Public and Private sectors Banks, Efficiency, Ration Analysis, ABL, NBP
Introduction
The word finance can be as a proxy of money, but in a real world

Interest Rate Is The Percentage Of A Loan That Must Be...
An interest rate is the percentage of a loan that must be paid on top of whatever the loan was. For instance, if you borrowed four thousand dollars
from the bank and they said that you have a 5% interest rate, this means that you will have to pay a total of four thousand, two hundred dollars. Interest
rates on credits and securities give a fundamental synopsis of their attractiveness to banks. The premium rates in assigning supports crosswise over
budgetary markets is very much alike to the costs in allotting assets in business sectors for merchandise and administrations. Pretty much as a generally
high cost of particular interest rate has a tendency to draw physical assets into its creation. A moderately highinterest rate on a specific kind of security
has a tendency to draw reserves into the exercises that sort of security is issued to fund. Furthermore, generally as recognizing the elements that help
focus costs is a key zone of request among financial experts who study products markets. Distinguishing the variables that help focus premium rates is
a key territory of request for the individuals who study money related markets. Financial hypothesis proposes that one vital element clarifying the
distinctions in the interest rates on deferment securities may be contrasts in their terms–that is, in the timeframes before they develop. The relationship
between the terms of securities and their business sector rates of interest is known as the term structure of interest rates.

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Telecommunication In India
Introduction
The telecom sector has been recognized as an important factor for the socio– economic development for a country. It is one of the very important
factors needed for the overall growth in the country. It is evident from so many launches almost every month we see some or the other company come
up with their latest phone. Important study conducted by Nielsen states that 27 million people use smart phones in urban India. This is huge number.
There are so many competitors as shown below– Also, From, the above data it is clear that mobile phone plays a very important role in our day to day
life and also, can be a very important medium to gain profit. It is very important and most useful invention; which is a source of generating ... Show
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The studies are conducted by some company as well like" Deloitte".
Deloitte tried to find the relationship between mobile data usage and GDP per capita growth. The study studied the endogeneity of teledensity and
mobile data usage by using their own lags. The study used 14 countries data – Brazil, China, Germany, Italy, Korea, Russia, UK, Canada, France, India,
Japan, Mexico, South Africa and USA. The results was if countries doubled their consumption of mobile data per 3G connection between the year
2005 and 2010, they would experience a growth rate of 0.5 percentage points higher GDP each year.
Graphically if we see the Deloitte results we get– Another work is done by Prof. Rajat Kathuria who is a professor of Economics at ICRIER and also
a professor at IMI, by Dr. Mahesh Uppal who is a director at Com First (India) Private Ltd and by Miss Mamta who is a researcher at ICRIER. They
did econometric analysis of the system of equation using 3SLS. In this procedure their exogenous variables were used like population, state domestic
product in the service and manufacturing sector. It can be used as an instrument variable to remove the endogeneity in teledensity. They used three
model equations which was done to do further analysis. They conducted their study on Indian states. They took 20 states and try to analyze how
teledensity affects the state GDP. They at the end found that

An Evaluation and Forecast of the Impact of Fdi in...
Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development ISSN 2222–1700 (Paper) ISSN 2222–2855 (Online) Vol.4, No.10, 2013 www.iiste.org An
Evaluation and Forecast of the Impact of Foreign Direct Investment in Nigeria's Agriculture Sector in A VAR Environment Ayodeji Adetunji Idowu*
Liu Ying Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province В· 430070 В· P.R. China * E
–mail of
the corresponding author: ayodeji.idowu@hotmail.com The research is financed by project (NCET–12–0868) New Century Excellent Talents and
Project (2013PY017). Abstract This study evaluated and forecasted the impact of FDI in the agricultural sector from 1980–2007, specifically its impact
on agricultural output and labor in... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For instance, Oji–Okoro (2010) in his study, the relationship between FDI and telecommunication growth in Nigeria, expounded that FDI influx
boosted the growth of the country's telecommunication sector tremendously. A host of research has been carried out to investigate the significance of
foreign direct investment on the economy of Nigeria; however, most of these researches are concentrated on the sector where the large chunk of these
investments goes to––the oil and gas sector. The low level of foreign direct investment in the agricultural sector might be one major reason why not
much work has been done to analyze the impact of FDI in Nigeria's agricultural sector. A sectorial analysis of cumulative foreign direct investment in
Nigeria from 1980–2007 is described in Figure 1. The major gap this study points out and intends to address is that, studies that have even attempted to
empirically study the impact of FDI in the agricultural sector of Nigeria use the FDI that is obtained in the entire economy 17 Journal of Economics
and Sustainable Development ISSN 2222–1700 (Paper) ISSN 2222–2855 (Online) Vol.4, No.10, 2013 www.iiste.org rather than use the FDI that flows
specifically to the agricultural sector. The question that then comes to mind is; what is the impact of foreign direct investment that flows specifically
into the agricultural sector on the output and productivity of

Public Sector Organizational Theory ( Postmodernism )
Public Sector Organizational Theory
Introduction
This essay compares and contrasts the "Classical" and "Human Relations" approaches to management. It focuses on how these approaches are similar
and compatible and looks at their differences and incompatibilities. It then explores how systems theory and contingency theory can reconcile the
incompatibilities between the approaches. The question of authority in public administration has historically been a tacit one framed in terms of the
public administration orthodoxy. Further, it has in one form or another referred back to public administration 's legitimacy in the governance process.
The essay shall explain the nature of the "Classical" and "Human Relations" approaches to management. Then, it will explore their similarities and
dissimilarities. This section will be followed with an introduction to systems theory and contingency theory and how they can reconcile the
dissimilarities and incompatibilities between the approaches. The essay shall finish with some concluding remarks. Compare and contrast the
Administrative Orthodoxy (modernism) to our current notions of Contingency Theory (postmodernism). What conditions spawned the need for each
one? What contributions do McSwite, Morgan, Miller & Fox, and others make to our understanding of contemporary public administration? What does
contingency mean for the use of government power?
Classical Management Theory
The established administration methodology was created amid the

The Efficient Market Hypothesis
The efficient market hypothesis has been one of the main topics of academic finance research. The efficient market hypotheses also know as the joint
hypothesis problem, asserts that financial markets lack solid hard information in making decisions. Efficient market hypothesis claims it is impossible
to beat the market because stock market efficiency causes existing share prices to always incorporate and reflect all relevant information . According to
efficient market hypothesis stocks always trade at their fair value on stock exchanges, making it impossible for investors to either purchase
undervalued stocks or sell stocks for inflated prices. As such, it should be impossible to outperform the overall market through expert stock selection ...
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Fama stressed that market efficiency can be only tested jointly with some of the equilibrium models. The efficient–market hypothesis requires all
investors to have a rational expectation on the market, the relational expectation is that average of information is correct and that updating the
information is necessary. Efficient–market hypothesis explains that when a investor is shown new information he may overreact and some investors
might not react at all, and this notion is accepted. Efficient–market hypothesis only requires one basic thing, which are that when facing new
information investors should follow a distribution pattern. There are three common forms in which the efficient–market hypothesis is commonly stated
weak– form efficiency, semi–strong–form efficiency and strong–form efficiency. Each form is different, and explains how markets work in the efficient
market hypothesis. The weak form efficient market hypothesis implies that the market is efficient, when we use the market information given. The
hypothesis also assumes that the future prices cannot be predicted by analyzing prices form the past. The rates of return on the market should be
independent, and past rate of returns have no effect on the future rates to be determine. Also excess returns cannot be earned in the long run by using
investment strategies based on

Diary Of A Very Bad Year: The 2008 Financial Crisis
In his book, "Diary of a very bad year: Confessions of an anonymous hedge fund manager", Keith Gessen provides a captivating, entertaining and a
shocking account of the 2008 financial crisis. The 2008 financial crisis is described as the deepest dives and the steepest recovery of a catastrophic
mortgage crisis. The analysis will incorporate the "Efficient market hypothesis." In addition, the analysis explains the concept of "financialization of
markets." The confessions of the hedge fund manager debunk the theory of rational markets. In addition, rational reasoning is a trait certainly absent in
the financial sector. The absence of logical reasoning in the financial sector is to be blamed for leading the economy down the path of utter chaos and
destruction instead of steering towards a more prosperous, less economically fickle future. Lastly, examine the role of the government in bailing out the
financial sector.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In this article, "Is the efficient market hypothesis day–of–the–week dependent,", Stephen Pop reveals significant evidence that the efficient market
hypothesis is day–of–the–week–dependent. Overall, for only 62% of firms, the unit root null hypothesis is rejected on all the five trading days. He also
discovers that when investors do not account for unit root properties in devising trading strategies, they obtain spurious

Expanded Comparison Matrix Paper
Expanded Comparison Matrix Paper
Amy R. Rhone
Grand Canyon University: RES 811 – Introduction to Advanced Graduate Studies and Scholarship
July 9, 2012
The three articles used for this comparison matrix looked at transformational leadership and how it affects those in relation to each study. The three
articles were all written with a different purpose in mind, with all three correlating to the same hypothesis, "How does transformational leadership affect
employees/individuals in different settings?" With similarities found in topic, it was also evident that there were several contrasting variables within
each article. The three empirical articles that were utilized for this comparison were as follows: Transformational Leadership in ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The findings of article one dispute the stereotypical paradigm believed to be found in public sector bureaucracies. Leadership and excellent
performance by public sector organizations do not need to be hindered by the typical bureaucratic subsystems when a well designed transformational
leadership model is implemented. The results of article two used the mixed methods of quantitative and qualitative data. "Mixed methods research is an
approach to inquiry that combines or associates both qualitative and quantitative forms. It involves philosophical assumptions, the use of qualitative
and quantitative approaches, and the mixing of both approaches in a study. Thus, it is more than simply collecting and analyzing both kinds of data; it
also involves the use of both approaches in tandem so that the overall strength of a study is great than either qualitative or quantitative research."
(Creswell, 2007). The authors used their research to answer their research question; transformational leaders can greatly impact the performance of a
workforce by emulating the characteristics of charisma, scholarly attributes that created stimulation, and thoughtfulness for each individual. The
products of transformational leaders that lead their organizations in this manner result in improved customer service and a more positive work
environment. The article, Principal Leadership and Student Achievement ... used the quantitative

Test Analysis : 5.5 Hetroskedasticity Test
5.5Hetroskedasticity Test
Heteroskedasticity test is also done for the model I and the results look like seen below in Table 5.12. Since the Obs*R2 value of 8.092 is less than the
5% critical X2 value of 11.07, the null hypothesis that assumes unavailability of heteroskedasticity can't be rejected. That implies that the standard
errors, T–statistics and F–statistics can be considered valid.
Table 5. 12 White Heteroskedasticity Test Result for Model I
F–statistic1.410Probability0.250
Obs*R–squared8.092Probability0.231
The result of heteroskedasticity test done for Model II is also shown in Table 5.13 below. The null hypothesis of no heteroskedasticity cannot be
rejected this time too. This result is the same as the preveous model's result and the post–regression test results are valid.
Table 5. 13 Heteroskedasticity Test Result for Model II
F–statistic0.714Probability0.722
Obs*R–squared9.893Probability0.625
5.6T test for Coefficient Significance
The government expenditure variables were hypothesized to have a positive effect on GDP of the country. This implies that the coefficients on those
independent variables are expected to be positive and a one–tailed test is appropriate.
For Model I, the T–test results (Table 5.14) showed that log(RE) and log(CE), which represent recurrent and capital expenditure respectively are
relevant variables while foreign aid is not.
Table 5. 14 Result of T test for

The Results Of Heteroskedasticity Test Done For Model II...

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