History of Engineering II Part

3. BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF VENEZUELA
ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT UNIVERSITY
ENGLISH
ENGINEERING IN HISTORY
TEACHER:
MSc. Alan Santos PérezCaracas, June 2017
II PART

4. Engineering history is divided into four main
times in the world history:
History of Engineering
Ancient Era
Renaissance
Modern Era
Medieval

5. Medieval
Characteristics
Medieval Muslim engineers employed gears in mills and water-
raising machines,
Medieval Islamic World
Gear
Two meshing gears transmitting rotational motion.
Note that the smaller gear is rotating faster. Since
the larger gear is rotating less quickly, its torque is
proportionally greater. One subtlety of this
particular arrangement is that the linear speed at
the pitch diameter is the same on both gears.
A gear or cogwheel is a rotating machine part
having cut teeth, or cogs, which mesh with
another toothed part to transmit torque
Geared devices can change the speed, torque,
and direction of a power source

6. Gear

7. Medieval
Characteristics
They used dams as a source of water power to provide additional power to
watermills and water-raising machines
Medieval Islamic World
Dam
A dam is a barrier that stops
or restricts the flow of water
or underground streams.
Reservoirs created by dams
not only suppress floods but
also provide water for
activities
Hydropower is often used in
conjunction with dams to
generate electricity

8. Medieval
Characteristics Medieval Islamic World
Dams generally serve the primary
purpose of retaining water, while other
structures such as floodgates or levees
(also known as dikes) are used to manage
or prevent water flow into specific land
regions.
Hydropower or water power is
power derived from the energy of
falling water or fast running water,
which may be harnessed for useful
purposes
A levee, dike, dyke, is an
constructionelongated
naturally occurring ridge or
artificially made it to fill or
add it as a wall, which
regulates water levels.

9. Medieval
Characteristics
In 1206, al-Jazari
Crank
Animation showing
piston and crankshaft
motion in an internal
combustion engine such
as an automobile engine

10. Medieval
Characteristics China 13 th Century
Rocket Engine A rocket engine is a type of jet engine that uses only stored rocket
propellant mass for forming its high speed propulsive jet. Rocket
engines are reaction engines, obtaining thrust in accordance with
Newton's third law.
Driven by gunpowder, this, the simplest form of internal
combustion engine was unable to deliver sustained power, but
was useful for propelling weaponry at high speeds towards
enemies in battle and for fireworks
Fireworks

11. Renaissance
Characteristics
Renaissance technology is the set of European artifacts
and customs which span the Renaissance period,
roughly the 14th century through the 16th century.
The era is marked by profound technical
advancements such as the printing press, linear
perspective in drawing, patent law, doubl and
Bastion fortresses. Sketchbooks from artisans of
the period (Taccola and Leonardo da Vinci,
example) give a deep insight into the mechanical
phones then known and applied.

12. Artes Mechanicae or mechanical arts, are a
medieval concept of ordered practices or skills,
often juxtaposed to the traditional seven liberal
arts Artes liberales. Also called "servile" and
"vulgar", from antiquity they had been deemed
unbecoming for a free man, as ministering to
baser needs.
Artes Mechanicae
Liberal arts
Grammar, logic, and rhetoric were the core
liberal arts, while arithmetic, geometry, the
theory of music, and astronomy also played a
(somewhat lesser) part in education.
Mechanical Arts

13. architectura (architecture, masonry)
vestiaria (tailoring, weaving)
metallaria (blacksmithing, metallurgy)
Johannes Scotus Eriugena (9th century)
divides them somewhat arbitrarily into
seven parts:
militia and venatoria (warfare and hunting
Mechanical Arts
agricultura (agriculture)
coquinaria (cooking)
Military education, "martial arts")

14. With the rise of engineering as a profession in the 18th century, the term became
more narrowly applied to fields in which mathematics and science were applied to
these ends. Similarly, in addition to military and civil engineering, the fields then
known as the mechanic arts became incorporated into engineering.
Each card includes a caption explaining the
purpose of the instrument:
The following images are samples from a deck of cards illustrating engineering
instruments in England in 1702.
Mechanical Arts
They illustrate a range of engineering specializations, that would eventually
become known as civil engineering, mechanical engineering, geodesy and
geomatics, and so on.

15. Mechanical Arts

16. Invents
1698 Thomas Savery
First steam engine mechanism
Condensation or vapor engine
1679 Denis Papin
Steam digester
The steam digester (or bone
digester, and also known as
Papin’s digester) is a high-
pressure cooker invented. It is
a device for extracting fats
from bones in a high-pressure
steam environment, which also
renders them brittle enough to
be easily ground into bone
meal. It is the domestic
pressure cooker
In 1698, patented the first practical, atmospheric pressure,
steam engine of 1 horsepower (750 W). It had no piston or
moving parts, only taps. It was a fire engine, a kind of
thermic syphon, in which steam was admitted to an empty
container and then condensed. The vacuum thus created
was used to suck water from the sump at the bottom of the
mine. The "fire engine" was not very effective and could
not work beyond a limited depth of around 30 ft (9 m)

17. Invents
James Watt, in 1781, patented a that produced continued rotary
motion with a power of about 10 horsepower (7,500 W). It was the first type of steam
engine to make use of steam at a pressure just above atmospheric to drive the piston
helped by a partial vacuum. It was an improvement of Newcomen’s engine.
James Watt, 1781
Industrial Revolution
A Watt steam engine. James Watt transformed
the steam engine from a reciprocating motion
that was used for pumping to a rotating motion

18. James Watt, 1781
The Spinning Jenny

19. James Watt, 1781
A locomotive or engine is a rail transport vehicle that
provides the motive power for a train. The word
originates from the Latin loco – "from a place",
ablative of locus, "place" + Medieval Latin motivus,
"causing motion", and is a shortened form of the term
locomotive engine,
Locomotive Engine
Locomotive Engine

20. James Watt, 1781
Screw Propeller
A propeller is a type of fan that
transmits power by converting
rotational motion into thrust.

21. Modern Era
Characteristics
The inventions of Thomas Savery and the Scottish engineer James Watt
gave rise to modern Mechanical Engineering.
Electrical engineering became a profession late in the 19th century.
Practitioners had created a global electric telegraph network and the first
electrical engineering institutions
The later inventions of the vacuum tube and the transistor further
accelerated the development of Electronics to such an extent that
electrical and electronics engineers
The discipline of Electrical Engineering was shaped by the experiments of
Alessandro Volta in the 19th century, the experiments of Michael Faraday,
Georg Ohm and others and the invention of the electric motor in 1872.
The work of James Maxwell and Heinrich Hertz in the late 19th century
gave rise to the field of Electronics

22. Battery,electric generators, arc lamp, internal combustion engine,
panning machine, electric telegraph, strirling engine, bycicle, mechanical
computer, electromagnet, reaping machine, air compressor, electric
motor, electomechanical relay, solar cell, fuel cell, electrical generator
gramme machine, diesel engine, gas turbine, motorized aircraft Wilbur
Wright, The Yagi-Uda Antenna, quartz clock, turbo jet frank whittle,
nuclear fission,.
Inventions

23. German nuclear energy proyect manhattan project, V-2 rocket, atomic
bomb, ejector seat, holography, transitor, atomic clock, basic axygen
steelmaking, PC by IBM , laser, pocket calculator, Email ray Tomlinson,
video game console Magnavox Odyssey, touchscreen CERN,
microcomputer revolution by altarir 8800, internet protocol suite Vinton
Cerf DARPA, flash memory, CD-rom, cellphone Motorola,
Invents

24. The World Wide Web Sir Tim Berners- Lee, mosaic (web browser), DVD
Phillips, Sony Toshiba and Panasonic in 1995, usb interface by Compaq,
DEC, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, NEC and Nortel.
Inventions

25. QUIZ II PART
1. How does History of Engineering is divided?
2. Name Medieval Engineering Technology
3. Name The Mechanical Arts in Renaissance
4. Who had invented the Steam Engine in the
Industrial Revolution?
5. Name 10 inventions of the Modern Era
6. What is the meaning of WWW?
EVALUATION

26. DICTATION II PART
1. ENGLISH-ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
2. ENGINEE- ENGINEER- ENGINEERING
3. HISTORY- ANCIENT ERA-MEDIEVAL- RENAISSANCE-
MODERN ERA
4. GEAR- COMPUND GEAR- DRIVE- DRIVER- DRIVEN
5. ROTATING-ROTATION-ROTATE-MACHINE
6. MEDIEVAL- ROTATION MACHINE-DAM-HYDROPOWER
7. POWER GENEATION-TURBINE-GENERATOR-
8. POWER TRANSMISSION-TRANSFORMER
9. DIKE-ARTIFICIAL- WALL
10. CRANK-PISTON-MOTION-INTERNAL COMBUSTION
11. ROCKET ENGINE- GUN POWDER-FIREWORKS
EVALUATION

27. DICTATION II PART
1. RENAISSANCE- MECHANICAL ARTS
2. AGRICULTURE-TAILORING-WEAVING-COOKING
3. WARFACE-HUNTING-METALLURGY-MARTIAL ARTS
4. ARCHITECTURE-MASONRY
5. MECHANICAL ARTS- SEA QUADRANT- DYALS
6. CIRCUMFERENTOR- THE COMPASS-SPHERES
7. SURVEYING WHEELAND CHAINS-LEAVELL
8. MATHEMATICAL INSTRUMENTS- PROJECTIONS OF
THE SPHERE- ASTRONOMICAL QUADRANT-GAUGER
9. THE THEODOLET AND SEMI –CIRCLE
10. JAMES WATT- STEAM ENGINE-CONDENSATION-VAPOR
11. THE SPINNING JENNY- LOCOMOTIVE ENGINE
12. STEAM LOCOMOTIVE- SCREW PROPELLER
EVALUATION

28. DICTATION II PART
1. MODERN ERA- ELECTRICITY-TELEGRAPH-LAMP
2. ELECTROMAGNET- ELECTRIC MOTOR-
ELECTROMECHANICAL- MECHANICAL COMPUTER
3. DIESEL-OIL-GAS-NUCLEAR FISSION
4. ATOMIC BOMB-CALCULATOR- WWW WORLD WIDE
WEB
5. VIDEO GAME- TELEVISION-RADIO-FLASH MEMORY
6. CELLPHONE-CD-ROM-USB-PC-LAPTOP
7. ENGINNERING-MATHEMATICS-SCIENTIFIC-ECONOMIC
8. SOCIAL KNOWLEDGE-INVENT-INNOVATE-DESIGN-
BUILD-MAINTAIN-STRUCTURES-MACHINE TOOLS-
SYSTEMS- MATERIALS
EVALUATION