This was made by me as part of a technical communication course I had taken.
Herein I have tried to give brief from Steam Engines to Shinkansen to Maglev to Hyperloop.
4. Shinkansen trains are electric multiple units,
offering fast acceleration, deceleration and
reduced damage to the track because of the
use of lighter vehicles compared to
locomotives or power cars.
Over the Shinkansen's 50-plus-year history,
carrying over 10 billion passengers, there
has been not a single passenger fatality or
injury due to train accidents
5. Here D is the total resistance - including mechanical resistance - in units of kgf, V is the speed of the train in km/h, W is the
total weight of the train in tonnes, and l is its length in meters. It is the second term that embodies the aerodynamic drag, which, as
we’d expect from aerodynamic theory, is proportional to V^2
11. PROS AND CONS – Linear Induction Motor
ADVANTAGES
• Proven its operation for
Maglev
• Relatively cheap guideway
because no active parts
and power supply have to
be installed
• No gears required
DIS-ADVANTAGES
• Heat generation in the
short primary (pod)
• A reduced energy
efficiency because of end
effects
• LIM is not efficient in
combination with EDS.
Minecarts working in coal mines can be considered as the earliest trains , however they were pulled by human power thus they weren’t a machine as such
The first public railway which used only steam locomotives, all the time, was Liverpool and Manchester Railway, built in 1830.
Steam power continued to be the dominant power system in railways around the world for more than a century.
With the advent of cars, trains were facing a stiff competition in passengers travelling from one place to another, trains were slower than cars. Thus need to make faster better trains aroused , now trains could have been made faster by making bigger engines but then it would have consumed more fuel thus raising prices, here comes in the role of aerodynamics
Nigel Gresley friend of Ettore Bugatti, who used to make race cars
Which was the best shape? Surprisingly perhaps, there was little to choose between them. Wind-tunnel tests at the UK National Physical Laboratory showed that streamlining could indeed reduce drag, but only at speeds above the normal operating speeds of that era
The fact is that for steam locos, a streamlined shroud added weight and hindered maintenance to such a degree that after 1945, most of the shrouds were removed
The early trains adopted aerodynamic designs because of competition faced due to cars,
Now the trains were facing competition from airplanes. History : After WW2 and ban on japan on making fighter jets, there were a lot of unemployed aerospace engineers and this lead to building of Shinkansen
The first Shinkansen was built just in time for the 1964 Tokyo Olympics
Magnets made from ferrite (an iron compound) or alnico (alloys of iron, aluminium, nickel, cobalt, and copper) produce a stronger magnetic field than ordinary magnets which helps lift and channelize the train cars over the directed 'guideway'
two notable types of levitation technology:
Electromagnetic suspension (EMS), electronically controlled electromagnets in the train attract it to a magnetically conductive (usually steel) track. The best example is the German Transrapid as a monorail.
Electrodynamic suspension (EDS) uses superconducting electromagnets or strong permanent magnets that create a magnetic field, which induces currents in nearby metallic conductors when there is relative movement, which pushes and pulls the train towards the designed levitation position on the guide way. The most successful project is the Japanese Maglev. Trains using the EDS system are not monorails.
The idea was unveiled by Elon Musk in 2013 and since then it has become the buzzing thing.
The hyperloop will be moving at an average speed of 600mph and can achieve top speed of 750mph, this makes it even faster than a commercial passenger plane by boeing or airbus
GRAVITY VACUUM TRANSIT :
Leaving a station with full atmospheric pressure behind it but near-vacuum ahead, the train is subject to 75 tons of thrust, far exceeding what a locomotive can do at moderate speeds. Approaching the next station, the train is decelerated by a similar pressure differential, but in reverse. Passengers experience swift but acceptable acceleration/ deceleration, provided designers are careful not to make the steel cars too light
Cheap because : (a conducting sheet is sufficient) ; no gear : (no mechanical rotary to linear converter)
REDUCED ENERGY : Moreover, the energy efficiency is reduced because the air-gap flux is inductively created. The leakage inductance for the LIM is inherently large and gets worse with an increased air-gap
EDS : • Because of the large air gap of EDS, LIM is not efficient in combination with EDS(ElectroDynamic Suspension )
LSM : The Linear Synchronous Motor is a propulsion mechanism in which the mechanical motion is synchronous with the magnetic field. The thrust force is not created by an induced magnetic field, but the magnetic field is created by windings. For this it is necessary to know exactly at what position the vehicle is and at what speed it is travelling
