The Disease Of Lyme Disease

The Disease Of Lyme Disease
Lyme disease is a multisystem, inflammatory illness. It is caused by the bacteria Borrelia
burgdorferi. It is a vector–borne infection (which means it is spread directly from one host to
another) transmitted specifically through the bite of an infected tick (Mayo Clinic: Lyme Disease –
Definition, Aug. 27, 2015). There are certain risk factors which can increase one 's chance of
contracting Lyme disease. For example: where a person lives can heighten one 's likelihood of
getting this illness. Wherever deer or white–footed mice are high in population, ticks are likely to be
as well, since these animals are their main food source. Ticks also thrive in heavily wooded and
grassy areas, so, if a person lives or works in such a place, they ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
8, 2006). Therefore, one 's best protection against infection of this bacteria relies entirely on
preventative measures. First of all, avoid wooded, grassy areas, which generally have a high tick
population. Furthermore, if one must venture into such an area, cover up in light–colored clothing to
improve one 's ability to spot a tick and obstruct the tick 's path to the skin. Tucking pant legs into
the top of one 's socks is an effective measure, as is wearing hats and gloves, and sticking to trails as
much as possible. Secondly, invest in tick repellent; there are many chemical products, such as
DEET, or natural protections, like vinegar mixed with essential oil and water, available. Tick–proof
your property by clearing away brush and tall grass. Also, be mindful that when you spend time
outdoors check yourself, your children, and pets frequently for ticks. Ticks like to burrow in dark,
warm areas that are difficult to spot: the underarm, groin, hair line and the back of the knee.
Depending on what stage a tick is in its life cycle, it will feed on its host for 3–10 days. Although, it
has been reported that the sooner a tick is removed,
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

The Disease Of Alzheimer 's Disease
Alzheimer's Disease Alzheimer's disease is the 6th leading cause of death in America. It kills more
than breast cancer and prostate cancer combined. Alzheimer's accounts for 70–80% of dementia
cases. By the age of 65, 1 in 9 people are diagnosed and by the age of 85, 1 in 3 people will have the
disease. According to the Alzheimer Association, 5 million people in American have Alzheimer's.
Alzheimer's starts to form 20 years prior to being diagnosed. Learning about Alzheimer's can help
families understand how Alzheimer's is more than just memory loss, it is an incurable mental
disease. Dementia is an umbrella term used to describe a group of diseases that may cause the brain
to fail. The most common one is Alzheimer's followed closely behind by Parkinson's. Alzheimer's
was discovered in 1906 by Dr. Alois Alzheimer, who discovered changes in the brain of a woman
who died of an unusual mental. Her symptoms included memory loss, language problems, and
unpredictable behavior. Doctor's now look at brain scans to see abnormal changes in the brain.
Doctors may ask questions both to the patient and a family member of the patient, such as, over–all
health, past medical problems, ability to carry out daily activities, and changes in behavior and
personality. They also might conduct tests of memory, problem solving, attention, counting, and
language Figure 1: Left side is a normal brain, middle is mild Alzheimer's, and right is severe
Alzheimer's. (Yang) According to

The Disease Of Alzheimer 's Disease
The disease stem cells could fix is called Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The reason I chose this topic is
because I have seen first hand how badly someone who suffers from Alzheimer's Disease is affected
in their daily lives. This disease completely takes over their lives and they turn into a completely
different person who can hardly function. AD is very tough on the loved ones of the person suffering
from it because that person, most of the time has no idea what is going on or who their loved ones
are. The memories for people with AD is completely gone and even the simplest tasks such as
remembering to use the bathroom becomes difficult. The way stem cells could be feasible is because
stem cell–based therapies could potentially treat ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Patients who suffer from AD also have their memory, ability to learn and to carry out activities
affected. Since, AD is not just dementia related there is also another aspect to the disease that causes
"progressive neurodegeneration" (Chen). The symptoms of AD are usually slow, but they get worse
over time and start to affect your daily life. The majority of people affected by AD are aged 65 and
older. If a family member has AD then future generations from that family member are more likely
to have AD. This is a very important disease to try to find a cure because "by 2050 as many as 115
million people worldwide will have developed dementia" (Chen). As of right now "AD affects more
than 5 million people in the U.S. alone" (Chen). This creates a huge burden on the family because it
leaves their loved ones unable to function alone or to be able to do anything alone. This puts the
burden on the family because then they need to find the patient a home to live in to be taken care of
or they have to bring the patient in to their home and take care of the patient 24/7. People suffering
from AD need to be attended to at all times of the day and constantly reminded why and what
they're doing. This affects a family because then they're not able to do their daily routines or
continue to live their normal lives. The reason is because all of their energy needs to be focused on
the family member suffering form the

Oklahoma Heart Disease
Heart disease is known widely all over the world. It is the number one cause of death in the United
States, especially in the state of Oklahoma. Even though America is counted as one of the most
developed countries in the world, it is still facing an issue of finding a cure for these deadly diseases.
However there can be solutions that can be implemented and used. Including raising taxes on
unhealthy food and building sidewalks and tracks. In Oklahoma, the top causes of death are heart
diseases and strokes (Heart Disease and Strokes). It is Oklahoma's leading killer for both men and
women, resulting in more than 9,000 deaths in 2012 (Understanding Heart Disease). Some of these
heart diseases are Coronary Artery Disease, which is narrowing ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Exercising helps eliminate all the extra fat and waste that surrounds the heart. Also quitting smoking
avails the whole body, especially the heart. Smoking cigarettes causes about 1 in every 5 deaths in
the United States each year. (National Institutes of Health). Tobacco has many chemicals that harm
the organs in the body. It also damages the blood vessels, which increases the risk of atherosclerosis
(Smoking & Cardiovascular Disease (Heart Disease)). The carbon dioxide that is coming from the
cigarette binds to the hemoglobin, a substance that is found in red blood cells, preventing the blood
from carrying a full load of oxygen that is needed to sustain the body. Making it harder to breath and
stressing the heart. Smoking also damages the heart vessels, which affects how well the blood flows
around the body making the heart work more. For some people, such as women who use birth
control pills and people who have diabetes, smoking poses an even greater risk to the heart and
blood vessels. Cigarettes have nicotine in them which produce adrenaline, therefore causing the
heart to work harder and gaining a high blood pressure and rate

Outline For Disease Essay
Disease is based in fact and is objective, and is not based on the values of the day.
I. Argument for Position
1) A disease is not an illness, and the distinction between the two is very important.
a) A disease is defined as an unhealthy condition or a condition that affects the functioning of the
body. For example, the flu, which causes fever, muscle aches, headache, fatigue, and other similar
cold–like symptoms.
b) On the other hand, an illness is normative; it does not disrupt biological functions. At one time, it
was thought that being left–handed was a disease, but this would have instead been an illness.
c) To name a new disease, you must have evidence that it is what is causing the patient's problems.
To simply scramble together all the symptoms one is experiencing into one large amalgamation with
no ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Counterargument
1) Disease is when one deviates from the norm, and is based on our values of the time.
a) One should aspire to be an ideal person. We judge what is significant and insignificant in terms of
health, which is determined by our values (Englehardt 234).
b) Our values are relatively constant, and do not change as much as people think. We often say one
thing, but one the inside, many do not believe what they are saying.
2) An example of a disease would be masturbation. It causes a multitude of symptoms, and can even
cause death.
a) Commonly in medicine, several symptoms are grouped together into a disease. One of these
examples is masturbation. Some of its symptoms include epilepsy, loss of hearing, and physical
changes in the genitalia, and the loss of seminal fluid exaggerates these symptoms, as one ounce of
the fluid is equal to forty ounces of blood (Englehardt 236).
b) There were treatments for the disease, such as a change in diet, exercise, and acupuncture, among
others (245). They worked as in the example of the doctor, who had chosen to be castrated because
his addiction to masturbation had kept him from the outside world for seven

Chronic Diseases Are The Leading Cause Of Disease
Chronic diseases are the leading cause of death and disability in the United States. Chronic diseases
and conditions such as heart disease, stroke, cancer, type 2 diabetes, and obesity are the most
common, costly, and preventable of all health problems. In 2012, about half of adults had one or
more chronic health conditions. In 2010, seven out of ten causes of death were chronic diseases
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is the leading
cause of death in Dallas County, Texas (Edwards et al., 2012). Cardiovascular disease is the
condition that involves narrowed or blocked blood vessels that can lead to a heart attack, chest pain
or stroke. The common risk factor for CVD includes, age, sex, family history, smoking, poor diet,
high blood pressure, high ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Descriptive epidemiology describes the amount and distribution of health and disease within a
population. Descriptive epidemiology is important for generating hypotheses about the determinants
of health and disease (Boston University School of Public Health, n.d.). Dallas County is racially
and ethnically diverse with 38% Latino residents, 34% Caucasian, 22% African–American and 7%
Asian–American and Other. In 2009, the Age–Adjusted Mortality Rate (AAMR) due to CVD in
Dallas County was 266/100,000. This was considerably higher compared to the State rate of
252.9/100,000.

Parkinson 's Disease : Disease
Jill Moreland
Pathology1321
March 25, 2017
PARKINSON'S DISEASE
INTRODUCTION:
If you eat unhealthy, fatty foods your whole life, you have a higher risk of developing diabetes,
cardiovascular disease, or arteriosclerosis. If you have unprotected sex, you may contract a sexually
transmitted disease, such as syphilis, gonorrhea, or HIV/AIDS. But, Parkinson's doesn't racially
discriminate, nor does it care if someone is wealthy, poor, educated, non–educated, male or female.
Anyone can develop Parkinson's disease. The disease begins in the brain, our most intricate, delicate
organ, whose complexity is still not entirely understood, even with today's technology and experts.
The brain intrigues me. I find myself curious about brain ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Identified as LRRK2, this gene mutation only accounts for one to two percent of all cases of
Parkinson's disease. (Michael J. Fox Foundation)
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:
Parkinson 's disease is a progressive neurologic degenerative disease of the Central Nervous system.
The brain produces Dopamine and Norepinephrine, which are chemicals needed for smooth muscle
movement and coordination, heart rate, and blood pressure. Dopamine and Norepinephrine are
released by basal ganglions that are produced in a bundle of nerve cells in the brainstem called
substantia nigra. In Parkinson 's patients, the substantia nigra are destroyed and neither of the
chemicals can be released into the body. (3) The decrease in Norepinephrine causes heart arrhythmia
and low blood pressure, causing the person to get dizzy upon standing or tire easily. The lack of
Dopamine, the smooth muscle movement and coordination controller is now gone, or significantly
decreased, resulting in the first signs of Parkinson's disease, pill–rolling, a one handed tremor and a
decreased appetite. (2)
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS: By the time someone shows signs and symptoms of Parkinson 's,
Dopamine production in the brain has been reduced by 60 to 80% and is fairly advanced. This
results in the most recognizable sign of Parkinson 's disease, the resting tremor of the hand or hands.
During deliberate movement, the resting tremor goes away, at first. At rest, the tremor will become
exacerbated,

Parkinson's Disease
Do you know someone in your life who is suffering from a disease with no cure, like Parkinson's
disease? Imagine a world where when people got old they didn't need to worry about Parkinson's
disease, or a world where mothers and fathers didn't have to live in fear of their child developing
Tay–Sachs disease or cystic fibrosis, diseases where their child could die before the age of four.
Stem cells that are in our bodies, and that we can take from our bodies can be used to prevent all of
this, with proper research. Stem cells are cells that can be taken from the body, and they are the
building blocks of the human body. These cells can be turned into any cell in the body, and they
would be a perfect match for the person receiving the treatments. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Stem cells have been used in the world before to develop vaccines for diseases basically eradicating
them. These diseases include small pox, chicken pox, and the MMR vaccine. The development of
these vaccines has made it easier to conduct research on synthesizing a cure in diseases that are
more complex. The breakthrough research from those cures has furthered our, "...understanding of
diabetes, MS, and Parkinson's disease that offer the potential for new treatments and cures." (Allum
6) The cures that we have found in the past have helped with research for developing new ones. The
more complex diseases would be diseases that affect the brain and the nervous system this could
include autism and cerebral palsy. To find new treatments for diseases like this would be a major
breakthrough because it would affect more than just the patient, it would also affect the lives off
loved ones because the patient finally received the care that they needed. Developing cures for
diseases like this could affect millions of lives by themselves, but those three diseases are not the
only ones they are trying to treat and they could affect millions more lives. Other diseases that
researchers are attempting to find new treatments for are all types of cancer and AIDS. Stem cells
have already been used to try to cure cancer and AIDs and it is showing promising results. The cells
that they used treated and show promising results to making improved treatments, or even cures for,
"...lung diseases; cancers; autoimmune diseases..." (Bishop 4) and many other diseases. If scientists
could find cures for diseases like cancer then it would be an incredible breakthrough because it
would save millions of lives, and it could prevent people from going through radiation treatments.
Since there has already been promising results from tests then scientists may be close to discovering
a cure for cancer, and this would change so

Huntington's Disease Analysis
Researchers looked the chromosomes of more than 4,000 Huntington's malady patients and found
that DNA repair qualities may focus when the neurological manifestations start. Incompletely
subsidized by the National Institutes of Health, the outcomes may give a manual for finding new
medications for Huntington's ailment and a guide for examining other neurological issue.
Huntington's disease is an acquired neurodegenerative issue brought on by transformations in a
quality that encodes a protein called Huntingtin. Indications of the disease normally start in your
midlife and incorporate uncontrolled developments, enthusiastic aggravations and, in the long run,
dementia. Despite the fact that studies in people and creatures have found pieces of ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The author states got one person in every 10,000 in the United States gets Huntington's disease. The
symptoms are usually begin with minor arm jerks and some facial twitches. Then following these
symptoms tremors spread to various parts of the body and then it develops into writhing. People
start to lose the ability to learn or improve motor skills. Basically what is going on in the brain is,
"the output from the basal ganglia is inhibitory to the thalamus, and damage to the basal ganglia
leads to increased activity in motor areas of the Thelma's. This increase produces the involuntary
jerking movements." People with Huntington's disease suffer from psychological disorders as well.
Sometimes in the early stages of Huntington's disease people are misdiagnose with having
schizophrenia. The book also shows a picture of a normal person's brain and a person's brain with
Huntington's disease, the ventricles expanded because of the loss of neurons; therefore the ventricle
looks much larger than it actually is, and it is very evident in the picture (Page 255). Last there is a
procedure which enables physicians to predict who or who will not get Huntington disease. To
determine this, physicians can count the number of consecutive repeats on the combination C–A–G
on one gene on chromosome four. In saying this if the number is fewer than thirty–six, the person
will not develop Huntington's disease. Although there are several promising drugs currently in
various stages of investigation but none of them have been approved for human use, they have only
been tested on animals. I personally think that this needs to be something researchers focus on so we
can help the people that are suffering from this terrible

Disease And Symptoms Of Alzheimer's Disease
Alzheimer's Disease
" People look at me and think there is nothing wrong; I am not in a wheelchair, I have full use of all
my limbs, I can see, hear, speak and listen....but not for much longer. I am dying: day by day, hour
by hour my life is ending. I don't understand what people are saying: the words run together and
they may as well be speaking a foreign language. I can no longer speak or write like I used to. I was
once a sociable person, but now I go to a happy affair only to be tortured by the noise and
surrounding conversations because I am overwhelmed by the stimulus of sight and sound." This
quote portrays a male suffering from a heart–breaking disease. Alzheimer's disease, a progressive,
degenerative disorder of the brain affects millions of people on planet ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
( Ellenbogen 2)
The above quote is what Michael Ellenbogen went through being faced with alzheimer's disease.
Alzheimer's, a type of dementia, which causes complications with memory, thinking and behavior.
Symptoms develop slowly and get worse over time, which become severe enough to interfere with
daily tasks. The most common symptom is the difficulty remembering newly learned information.
As alzheimer's advances over time other severe symptoms such as disorientation,

Coronary Disease Paper
Coronary disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. According to Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 796,494 men and women between the age of (<) 1yr to 85
and older expired due to major cardiovascular disease (Deaths: Final Data for 2013, table 10, 2015) .
This disease has a natural cradle–to–grave course of action that may consist of "susceptibility,
presymptomatic disease, clinical disease, recovery disable and/or death" (Mills, 2015). Many factors
can result in a person to be susceptible to a particular disease. "The stage of susceptibility precedes
the disease and involves the likelihood a host has of developing ill effects from an external agent"
(Merrill, 2013, p. 51). Certain conditions raise the risk ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"The stage of clinical disease begins when signs and symptoms are manifest" (Merrill, 2013, p. 51).
Symptoms may occur differently between men and women. For example, angina and heart attack
symptoms have similar warning signs however "Women are somewhat more likely than men to have
other symptoms like shortness of breath, nausea, and back or jaw pain. Some women describe their
symptoms as mild. Others feel tired when they have angina" (Cardiosmart.org, 2012). Women that
experience heart attacks are "somewhat more likely than men to have other symptoms like shortness
of breath, nausea, and back or jaw pain" (Cardiosmart.org, 2012). Responding appropriately to the
clinical onset of coronary disease will determine if the patient can recover or suffer disability or
death. Having clinical symptoms can be a frightening experience. Patients that suffer clinical
symptoms have different end results. Early detection and effective treatment can prevent the long
term effects of coronary disease. Most patients make a full recovery with diet and exercise. Some
become disabled after clinical symptoms occur, while others experience death. Immediate attention
when a person is experiencing symptoms generally results in a better overall

Kawasaki Disease : An Autoimmune Disease
Kawasaki Disease is a rare, life threatening autoimmune heart disease that is rarely taught even in
medical school. Kawasaki Disease is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks
and destroys healthy blood vessels in the body, specifically targeting the hearts blood vessels and
arteries. The immune system instead goes against the body and destroys the body, instead of viruses
and dangerous foreign substances. Kawasaki Disease affects only one in 271,440 people in the
world, yet it continues to take away lives and children are still being misdiagnosed, threatening their
lives ("Kawasaki Disease Awareness"). One of out 271,440 people does not sound likely or
worrisome to affect a loved one, but this horrific disease is becoming more and more common. It is
imperative to be informed and have an understanding of what Kawasaki Disease is in order to be
aware of it. It is important to be informed of the symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and the short–term
and long–term effects of the disease so that awareness can be spread, and ultimately lives can be
saved ("Kawasaki Disease"). Kawasaki Disease, also known as "KD", is a hereditary disease, which
is the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one
Gutierrez 2 generation to another. KD is most common to occur in children under the age of five,
but there have been some cases of adults being diagnosed with it. It is ten to twenty times more
common to have Kawasaki Disease if the person is of

Epidermis: A Genetic Disease
There are thousands of different genetic diseases that affect millions of people in our own nation and
across the globe. Many of these diseases can be difficult to diagnose, having spectrums of different
symptoms and characterizations, while some are relatively mild in their effects. One disease
affecting around 50,000 people in the United States alone is called epidermolysis. This debilitating
genetic disorder affects the epidermis, or skin, of those diagnosed. Although this disease was written
about in the early 1800's, we only found the specific gene affected in 1993. It's time to shed some
truth on a rarely discussed genetic disorder carrying many stereotypes and nicknames across the
globe, epidermolysis. What is Epidermolysis? ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This lack of protein is caused by a mutation in the gene which is where the mentioned variations of
the disorder come in. The first type is autosomal dominant where the gene is taken from only one
parent. There is then autosomal recessive where the gene is taken from both parents. However these
are not the only types. A protein called keratin can be affected by a mutated gene from one parent
creating the symptoms of the disease in a type called epidermolysis simplex. The same can happen
when inherited from two parents in which they label junctional epidermolysis. The debate and
misconception comes with the idea that this is not only a genetic disorder, but an immune disorder a
well. This creates a controversy over whether it is preventable; however, it is luck of the draw when
it comes to the one we are focusing on today, the genetic type. Often people that carry the gene
resist the want to have offspring simply because they know the risks and effects of the crippling
disease. We previously talked about the most common and broad symptom which is used crossed
the board to determine the disorder, the peeling of the outermost layer of skin at the slightest touch,
however, there are other and more fatal symptoms that many fail to consider. There are the
outwardly noticeable symptoms of epidermolysis such as the most obvious blistering and

Parkinson 's Disease : Disease
Parkinson's disease Parkinson's Disease INTRODUCTION Wong, Gilmour and Ramage–Morin
(2014) states that Parkinson's disease comes second on the list of most common degenerative
disorder of the nervous system. Dopamine, a substance synthesized in the body, is responsible for
the normal movements of the body (Wong, Gilmour and Ramage–Morin, 2014). In Parkinson's
disease, the cells responsible for synthesizing Dopamine are damaged and incapacitated to form it
(Wong, Gilmour and Ramage–Morin, 2014). The lower levels of Dopamine result in muscle
tremors, sluggish muscle movements, rigidity, impaired reflexes and loss of equilibrium (Wong,
Gilmour and Ramage–Morin, 2014). Patient may experience various other ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It has a mis–sense mutation and has two types; A53T and A30P (Foltynie, Sawcer, Brayne and
Barker 2002). These mutations produce a toxic protofibril of α–synuclein (Foltynie, Sawcer, Brayne
and Barker 2002). PARK2 present on chromosome 6q25 predisposes to an autosomal recessive
Parkinsonism (Foltynie, Sawcer, Brayne and Barker 2002). It is juvenile–onset disease with
degenerated α–synuclein but without Lewy body formation (Foltynie, Sawcer, Brayne and Barker
2002). The mutation causes abnormality in Ubiquitin Ligase enzyme resulting in accumulation of
abnormal non–ubiquitinated proteins and failure to remove neurotoxic glycosylated α–synuclein
(Foltynie, Sawcer, Brayne and Barker 2002). PARK3 mapped on chromosome 2p13, autosomal
dominant predisposition, and specific gene is still unidentified but preponderance to develop
Parkinson's is evident (Foltynie, Sawcer, Brayne and Barker 2002). PARK4 predisposes to
autosomal dominant inheritance with abnormality on chromosome 4p (Foltynie, Sawcer, Brayne and
Barker 2002). The gene involved in PARK4 mutation is also unidentified (Foltynie, Sawcer, Brayne
and Barker 2002). PARK5 is a mis–sense mutation in Ubiquitin Carboxy Hydrolase gene with
abnormal chromosome on 4p (Foltynie, Sawcer, Brayne and Barker 2002). This enzymatic mutation
leads to inadequate recycling of ubiquitin monomers (Foltynie, Sawcer, Brayne and Barker 2002).
PARK6 is an

The Disease Of Parkinson 's Disease
Abstract
This paper is limited to Parkinson's Disease. Parkinson's Disease was thoroughly researched and
will be described in depth including: physiology, etiology, signs and symptoms, diagnostic testing,
therapeutic measures, and short vs. long term effects.
Keywords: Parkinson's Disease, dopamine, diagnosis, symptoms
Parkinson's, a Central Nervous System Disorder
Since becoming a nursing student I have learned about several diseases and disorders. When hearing
the term, "disease" one might imagine such thing as being infectious, contagious, or even seen as
disgusting in the public eye. Most people often don't consider a disease forming process on a
cognitive level. This paper will discuss Parkinson's Disease, also known as, "the disease of the old"
(Williams, Hopper 2015).
Physiology
"Parkinson's Disease, or PD is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and is caused
by degeneration and dysfunction of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra." (Corrow, 2013).
Although that is the specific definition of Parkinson's Disease, not all people might understand those
terms. When educating patients, it's important to assess their education level and provide
information easily understandable to them. To provide simpler terms, "Parkinson's is a disease that
involves the malfunction and death of vital nerve cells in the brain, typically the basal ganglia within
the cerebrum." (Parkinson Disease Foundation, Inc. 2016). "Some of these dying neurons produce
dopamine, a

Alzheimer's Disease: A Progressive Disease
Everyone forgets things, although there is a more severe form of memory loss called Alzheimer's.
This disease is a horrible thing to watch happen to someone, especially a loved one. Although it is
more common in individuals that are older, it can happen to anyone.
Alzheimer's is the most common type of dementia that causes problems with memory, thinking and
behavior. According to the mayo clinic staffs article "Definition," In Alzheimer's disease, the brain
cells themselves degenerate and die, causing a steady decline in memory and mental function.
Alzheimer's is a progressive disease. This means that gradually, over time, more parts of the brain
are damaged. As this disease progresses, more symptoms develop, and with time becomes more
severe.

Disease Improvement Plan
In the United States (U.S.), chronic diseases are the leading cause of death and disability. Chronic
disease activities are sparsely delivered in the U.S. despite the fact that 7 out of 10 deaths are caused
by chronic diseases, every year; and 75% of our health care costs 75% of health care costs are
attributable to preventable diseases.1,2 One main reason for this imbalance is that funding for
chronic disease prevention activities is limited. In fact, only 3% of the U.S. total health expenditure
is devoted to public health.3 The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the leading
federal agency for public health spends an estimated 70% of its budget on infection disease
prevention and control, with less than 10% of its spending devoted to chronic disease prevention.4
Background
Local public health agencies can serve as effective vehicles for delivering community–based chronic
disease activities because of their wide geographic distribution across the U.S., their statutory
authority to implement public health laws and programs, and their relationships with diverse
community stakeholders (CITATION). However, the limited availability of funding has historically
restricted local public health agency ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The public health profession has long recommended that local public health agencies periodically
conduct community health assessments (CHA) and community health improvement plans (CHIP) to
inform and guide their activities.5 A 1988 IOM report, The Future of Public Health, recommended
that "every public health agency regularly and systematically collect, assemble, analyze and make
available information on the health of the community, including statistics on health status,
community health needs, and epidemiologic and other studies of health problems."5 Community
health improvement plan (CHIP) is defined as "a long–term, systematic effort to address health
problems on the basis of the results of assessment activities and the community health improvement

Cardiovascular Disease Research
Overall Community health is a priority in our society these days. Cardiovascular diseases can be
developed in both nutrition and physical activity. There are studies shown all around the globe that
prove cardiovascular diseases can be developed in both nutrition and physical activity.
Cardiovascular Disease also known as (CVD) is the number one cause of death in the United States.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that about one in four Americans
die from the disease every year. Researchers presented study results showing that Egyptian
mummies, some 3,500 years old, had evidence of heart disease – specifically atherosclerosis, which
narrows the arteries. As we can see CVD has been present for quite some time now.

Hansen's Disease
Hansen's Disease and its Effects on the Homeostasis of Organ Systems
Hansen's disease, more commonly known as leprosy, is a chronic infectious disease that affects the
skin and peripheral nerves, and to a lesser extent, the respiratory and muscular systems of the body
(niaid/nih.giov/diseases–conditions/leprosy–hansens–disease). It is caused by an infection by the
bacillus Mycobacterium leprae. It was discovered by Dr. Gerhard H.A. Hansen of Norway in 1873.
Soon, the disease "leprosy" became known as Hansen's disease in honor of his discovery. The
disease is spread through "prolonged, close contact with someone with untreated leprosy over many
months" (cdc.gov). It is important to note that one cannot become infected through casual contact ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The muscular system, in conjunction with the skeletal system, is responsible for movement of the
body among other things (VanPutte, 270). The ability of the human body to move has been critical
in the survival of the species over the years–for example; escaping from predators is only possible
with skeletal muscle contraction. Hansen's disease generally only affects the peripheral nerves of the
extremities, not the locations of the larger muscle groups; however the smaller muscles of the hands
and feet are vital for the well–being of individuals. For example, it would be quite difficult to feed
oneself without the use of hands. Unfortunately, extreme cases of Hansen's disease cause paralysis
of the individual's hands and feet. Paralysis occurs due to deadening of the peripheral nerves, both
sensory and motor. As the afferent neurons lose the ability to receive and send stimuli, the nerve
impulses (action potentials) are sent to the central nervous system less and less often. Even so, the
action potentials that are transmitted to the CNS still are unlikely to stimulate the skeletal muscles
for contraction. This is because the efferent peripheral neurons of the hands and feet are damaged as
well. In effect, the sensory nerves of the extremities cannot receive much stimuli, and the motor
neurons are also less able to start the action potentials in the skeletal muscle

Disease: Difference Between Infectious And Chronic Disease
Introduction
According to Nesse, why do we get sick? What are the evolutionary implications in how we
understand illness and disease? Human beings are susceptible to a variety of diseases. A disease is a
disorder or incorrectly functioning organ, part, structure, or system, of the body resulting from the
effect of genetic or developmental errors, infection, poisons, nutritional deficiency or imbalance,
toxitcity, or unfavorable environmental factors, illness, sickness, ailment. (Dictionary, 2015). A
disease represents a failure, or severe flaw of the body. There are two types of diseases, an infectious
disease and a chronic disease. The difference between the two are that an infectious disease, is a
disorder caused by organisms – such as bacteria, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Through this source I was able to obtain an article that discussed Maladaptation and Natural
Selection. This article contained a brief overview by Randolph M. Nesse of a published slim volume
called "Adaptation and Natural Selection: A Critique of Some Current Evolutionary Thought"
written by George Williams. Williams did not use report clever calculations or drawn out field
experiments but rather logically discussed a simple question which was whether or not natural
selection shapes an individual's traits that benefit that species. The next article I found was
"Evolution of Maladaptation," by Bernard J. Crespi where he explains that 'natural selection is not
evolution' and that maladaptation can evolve. The third article "Population Biology, Evolution, and
Infectious Disease: Convergence and Synthesis," speaks about the importance of genetic structure
and understanding the response of pathogens by selective pressure imposed by host immunity both
natural and vaccine induced. This knowledge is important for the effective management of
antimicrobial drugs. The last article that I found is "The role of evolution in the emergence of
infectious diseases." In this article it specifies on how infectious diseases are evolutionizing
becoming more rampant, and

Amoeba Disease
The reality of the devastation and fright this amoeba can cause is sometimes blinded by the rarity of
the disease. An article posted on the public health category of the Mississippi Public Broadcasting
website highlights the events of a young boy that "[d]octors describe [...] as a walking miracle."
(Aboraya, Tomsic). The article is titled "A Young Woman Dies, A Teen Is Saved After Amoebas
Infect The Brain," and it written by Abe Aboraya and Michael Tomsic. The article portrays the
experience of sixteen–year–old Sebastian DeLeon and how he came into contact with the very
deadly Naegleria fowleri and his survival. Sebastian is the fourth person in the United States to ever
survive the illness caused by the amoeba. His symptoms in the first ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
For a full round of treatment the drug costs up to forty–eight thousand dollars. Another case in North
Carolina was also not as fortunate as Sebastian's, when an eighteen year old Ohio woman was killed
by the infection. In mid–June, when water was at a warmer temperature, the girl had been raftering
in Charlotte. The rafting center was closed between late June and August when the amoeba was
found in the water. "Dr. Jennifer Cope, an infectious disease epidemiologist at the CDC, said 11 out
of 11 tests for the amoeba were positive at the rafting center, which does sound alarming" (Aboraya,
Tomsic). This case sent fear into the community of Charlotte making the community worry for their
own safety. "Whitewater Center CEO Wise says roughly 1.5 million people have rafted there over
the past decade, and this is the first health issue it has had tied to what's in the water" (Aboraya,
Tomsic). Even though a case of infection caused by the amoeba has never appeared before the
community took the incident very seriously and the rafting center decided the best route to reducing
the chance of another fatal infection they would begin chlorinating the water used for rafting. These
real life events that took place provide a very real feeling towards the

Cardiovascular Disease
Diseases of the cardiovascular and lymphatic system can present itself in many ways. Often these
diseases circulate through the body creating a vehicle for pathogens to spread. We will look at four
different diseases that affect the cardiovascular and lymphatic system. Plague is an infectious
disease; it had a deadly effect on human history. The plague was known as Black Death in the
middle ages. The causative agents of the plague are Yersinia pestis Gram–negative bacteria. This
bacterium is usually spread through contact with the vectors or in this case the oriental rat flea,
which usually have direct contact humans. The oriental rat fleas feed on the reservoirs such as
Rodents, rats, mice and squirrels that harbors to infectious agents. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The causative agent is Filoviridae ebolavirus. There is no known reservoir for the virus, although
scientists believe that fruit bats may be a possible reservoir because they harbor the disease without
showing any signs or symptoms. Once infected with the virus the symptoms, usually do not appear
for two to twenty–one days, which resembles the flu and often mistaken or misdiagnosed as the flu.
However, as the disease progress, bleeding from the inside is noticeable through stool, coughing up
blood, bleeding from the eyes and ears. Unfortunately, there is no treatment for this deadly infection
and usually involves treating the symptoms as they appear. Nursing interventions are a major part in
treating the patient and possible survival from this disease. Priority nursing interventions include,
watching for any changes in the patient's respiration rate and pattern, monitor the patient's fluid and
electrolyte imbalance, intake and output. Also, check and monitor complete blood count and
coagulation studies for signs of blood loss and coagulopathy, monitor and test stools, urine and
vomitus for blood; watch for bleeding. Teach the patient's family about Ebola virus infection;
monitor the patient's family and other close contacts for fever and other signs of

Parkinson 's Disease : A Disease
Parkinson's disease
Chase J Fowler
Missouri Southern State University What is Parkinson's disease (PD)? Parkinson's is a disease that
causes the nervous system to degenerate which means that person's health is declining mentally,
physically, and morally. Parkinson's causes a loss in balance, which is the cause for most of the falls.
These falls lead to the most injuries a Parkinson's patient has; whether it be fractures or concussions.
It causes a loss in muscle movement and muscle control. Patients with Parkinson's get really stiff
when the medication wears off and is hard to move and do simple daily activities. Additionally, it
causes tremors. An example would be when people's hands shake when they haven't been doing
anything but resting and it shouldn't be doing it. The list continues...
Types of Parkinson's.
Most people think Parkinson's is just an old person's disease, but in fact there are 3 types of
Parkinson's and each one affects a different age group. To start and least common of the types is,
Juvenile Parkinson's Disease which happens before the age of twenty one. Next, Young Onset
Parkinson's Disease; this occurs between ages twenty one to forty. This varies depending on where
you are in the world. In the U.S., this is not very common. In Japan, it's a big majority of the people
with Parkinson's. The most common of the types is called Adult–Onset Parkinson's Disease. Most
common age associated with Adult–Onset PD is sixty years old and the chance of getting PD

Celiac Disease : A Disease
Celiac disease, which is also called coeliac disease, is a genetic autoimmune disease that injures the
small intestine. Gluten is a protein that is in some wheat, barley, and rye. It is also a new fad diet and
being gluten intolerant is something a majority of the population may claim. However, for those
who really have celiac disease it is more serious. In fact, "Despite popular belief, celiac disease is a
serious genetic autoimmune disease, not the latest fad diet", according to the organization Beyond
Celiac(What is Celiac Disease, 2016). This article also gives a great explanation about what gluten
does to the small intestine on a cellular level. The definition on the webpage goes on to include
"When people with celiac disease eat foods containing gluten, their immune system responds by
damaging the finger–like villi of the small intestine. When the villi become damaged, the body is
unable to absorb nutrients into the bloodstream, which can lead to malnourishment" (What is Celiac
Disease, 2016). It also mentions that when celiac is left untreated, other autoimmune diseases are
very common such as thyroid disease, osteoporosis and other cancers. Migraines, diabetes, and
infertility are a few more illnesses that go hand in hand with celiac. (What is Celiac Disease, 2016).
Pregnancy and celiac can be a detrimental problem but only when left untreated. I have personal
experience with someone close to me who was diagnosed with celiac disease almost

Disease Surveillance
Disease surveillance is important because infectious diseases are a threat to all persons, regardless of
gender, age, race, socioeconomic status, lifestyle or geography. Also infectious diseases cause
unnecessary illness, suffering and death, and place a huge burden on society due to costs associated
with direct medical care and lost productivity.
Surveillance is "the ongoing systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of
data regarding a health–related event for use in public health action to reduce morbidity and
mortality and to improve health."
Public health surveillance activities are authorized by the federal government and carried out by
public health officials at the state or local levels.
Public health surveillance goals are to identify and control an outbreak as soon as possible. Also
including, evaluate the extent of the outbreak, identify the etiologic agent and mode of transmission,
monitor the community for continuing transmission, obtain contact information for suspected and ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Syndromic surveillance puts disease symptoms into categories of disease syndromes. Typical
syndromes include, influenza–like illness, gastrointestinal, rash–like illness, neurologic. The
methods include statistical modeling to detect aberrations in the actual number of persons with
certain symptoms. Advantages include, detect large–scale outbreak of disease for which early
symptoms are non–specific and useful for geographic and spatial analyses. Disadvantages include
that is has not been tested in a real bioterrorism or emerging infectious disease outbreak and not
known if it will detect any size outbreak of disease sooner than traditional

Lupus: A Genetic Disease
Lupus
Lupus is an autoimmune inflammatory that occurs mostly in women. Lupus causes joint pain,
multiple red lesions on the body. With time disorder can progress into a life–threatening issues
involving the heart, kidneys, lungs and other vital organs. Lupus is disease in which the immune
system fights against the body. The immune system is designed to fight against unwanted organisms
and bacteria but does not attack its own body tissues. Lupus is a genetic disease that is inherited.
There is no cause of the disease but is linked to genes and chromosomes. The disease can be
triggered due to environmental factors. Such as: smoking, stress, infection, medication, antibiotics
and much more. Lupus is hard to diagnose until there is damage to the

A Study On Genetic Diseases
In the late 1900s, scientists were able to describe a rare congenital genetic disease called "1p36" for
the first time. Later, in 2001, a girl named Sonia was born; two weeks after her birth, she had heart
failure and her parents had to take her to the hospital due to low vital signs. That was the first time
doctors noticed that there was something wrong with her. A couple of days later, they realized that
not only her heart wasn't functioning properly, but she had low muscle tone, and seizures. All of
these symptoms gave doctors enough reasons to believe that it was a syndrome. Today, Sonia lives
and I'm proud to say that she is my cousin. Learning about genetic diseases during my
undergraduate journey, I was able to relate her story and until this day I'm still fascinated by the
absolute profoundness and complexities of medicine. Thus, I have resolved to dedicate my lifetime
to become a doctor not only for my own professional and personal evolution, but also to guide and
mentor others.
Throughout my life, I had the opportunity to live fulfilling experiences that helped me confirm my
desire to be a doctor. I was fortunate to participate as a volunteer, at Nicklaus Children's Hospital
working in the emergency room, where I saw and experienced different cases as simple as a flu, and
as difficult as intensive care cases, such as heart transplant. There is one particular day which stayed
permanent in my mind. It was one of those that are full of doubts concerning your

The Leading Cause Of Disease
Disease. What comes to your mind when a person says the word, "disease"? Some people may think
of a relative that has a disease, a specific type of disease, or how a person gets a disease. Many
people don't realize the amount of deaths come from disease. Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention states the following; "Heart disease is the leading cause of death for both men and
women." People don't realize that just one disease is the leading death cause. There are many
different diseases as well. Humans don't realize that the number of deaths from diseases can
decrease just from some simple, but yet difficult, lifestyle changes. The most important lifestyle
choices a person can choose to prevent the risk of disease is to eat and maintain ... Show more
Cigarette smoke is especially dangerous to humans cause it cause many problems for the heart.
American Heart Association states the following in support that smoking causes many problems for
the body, "Cigarette smoking increases the risk of coronary heart diseases by itself...Smoking
increases blood pressure, decreases exercise tolerance...Cigarette smoking is the most important risk
factor for young men and women." Cigarette smoking is an incredible risk for developing diseases.
Not only does smoking increase disease, it also prevents the tolerance for physical activity, which is
another way to get a disease. When a person chooses to skip smoking, then their chance decreases of
getting a disease and the want for exercise increases, which in the end also decreases disease.
Though a person may need the feel to take a moment to smoke, they should notice the risk factors
and should stop so that they can have a healthier heart and lower risk of

Mitochondrial Disease Analysis
New reproductive techniques to prevent the inheritance of serious mitochondrial disease result in a
child with three genetic parents. Their mtDNA comes from a donor female and their nuclear DNA
from their biological mother and father. Is this a slippery slope towards a future of designer babies,
where parents can choose the genetic attributes of their children?
Mitochondrial disease is the malfunctioning of the mitochondria organelle located in every cell of
the human body except the red blood cells. These organelles are responsible for the synthesis of
90% of the ATP energy required for a normal bodily function. Consequently if a patient is diagnosed
with mtDNA disease, their individual cells will generate less energy than required resulting ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore, germline gene therapy does not give the option for parents to choose the attributes of
their children however it gives them the option to allow their children to live a disease free life. In
addition it would rather seem unethical to allow individuals to go through this serious disease
without intervention so further legalisation around the world is essential to create a long, suffering
and mitochondrial disease free future for our next

Grave Disease : An Autoimmune Disease
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disease in which the over activity of the thyroid gland causes the
overproduction of the thyroid hormone. This disease was described by Robert J. Graves a doctor
from Ireland and is also known as Basedow's disease. Even though there are several disorders that
may result in hypothyroidism, grave disease is one of the most common type of hypothyroidism that
occurs in 1 percent of U. S population (Anderson 2010). Furthermore, Grave disease is a disease
that can affect anyone, but is more common amongst females before age 40. Concerning, grave
disease will attack the immune system making antibodies that will cause the thyroid to enlarge and
produce more than the amount of thyroid hormone that your body will need. These hormones that
cause the thyroid to enlarge are called thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins. Thyroid stimulating
immunoglobulins are antibodies that tells the thyroid gland to become more active and release
excess amounts of thyroid hormone into the blood (U.S. National library of medicine).
Statistics Grave disease affect 2–5 % of women and affect women between the ages of 20 and 40
years old. The ratio between male and female is 7:1 (Robins 2001). Over the years this disease has
increase rapidly. Therefore, statistics have proven that grave disease is 4 to ten times more common
in women and is said to be more common in Asian and white than in black (Anderson). In nineteen
ninety–six 3,048,636 people in the

Communicable Diseases : Communicable Disease
Communicable diseases have always created a host of serious of problems. These diseases cause
physical, emotional, and even financial problems in our societies today. Communicable disease is a
sickness that is passed on through the transmission of infectious illnesses. People, food, animals or
water can pass many infections from humans to humans or animals to humans. Humans can pass
infectious diseases to each other from touching or exchanging body fluids. In 1981, the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) marked the official start of the HIV epidemic which became one of
the world's most deadly communicable diseases (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2015). The widespread
of the human immunodeficiency virus has affected approximately 1.2 million people in the United
States, and roughly 35 million worldwide is living with HIV (Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, 2015).
HIV and Efforts to Control It
HIV is a virus that develops from being in contact with bodily fluids that can damage the infection–
fighting CD4 cells. HIV in an infected person can annihilate the cells; the immune system weakens
and becomes a target for other infectious illnesses. When the immune system can no longer defend
itself, the infection has progressed to AIDS. People can contract HIV in many ways. HIV can spread
by coming in contact with body fluids such as blood, saliva, semen, rectal and vaginal fluids, and
breast milk from women who are nursing their babies. Promoting and educating preventative

Disease Classification Structures
Disease Classification Structures
Health care information systems cover a wide range of issues dealing with the supervision and use
of biomedical information. Health information systems are central support tools in the
administration of health care services. An acceptable health information system is important not
only for evaluating the health needs of populations but also for preparation and for application of
health interventions. It is equally imperative in the assessment of programs. The goal of information
systems is to create an appropriate working environment. This is done by providing initial and going
training, allocating resources, and by managing unintended consequences (Wager, Lee & Glaser,
2009).
This summary will ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Death certificates are also pulled to determine the cause of death and monitor diseases that could
change and affect more populations. The data is pulled to analyze epidemiology and provide control
of diseases across the world.
Any negative aspects of your selection
Every system in healthcare has its positive and negative traits. Though there are few disadvantages
to the classification of diseases, understanding them is of importance. New diseases are being found
yearly to even monthly, and every several years the classification of diseases needs to be updated,
which can cause changes to the past and current classification. Once the system has been changed,
and it is important that there is proper communication of the change so this classification of system
remains understandable and useful. Categories for past census may be different from past categories,
so these changes will also make it hard to compare past and current census.
Conclusion
Disease classification information structures are very important for the health care community. The
ICD is used to monitor health care disease and categorize the disease in a format that is universal to
all health care organizations. The ICD has provided a system to assist in the reimbursement process
for health care organizations. The ICD is also important to monitor diseases and prevent the spread
of infection. The ICD information structure has provided a standard that

Genetically Inherited Diseases
Introduction:
Chromosomes are long structures that are made up of DNA and proteins called histones. They are
found in the Chromatin material in the nucleus and mitochondira. During the process "Crossing
over" where there is the mutual exchange of genes in the pieces of chromosomes that causes
variation in offspring, however this is where mutations commonly occur. If a parent has either a
faulty gene or a missing gene, the child is usually at high risk of being diagnosed with the disorder
or may be a carrier.
Definition of a genetically inherited disease:
"A genetic disease or disorder is the result of changes, or mutations, in an individual's DNA. A
mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that make up a gene" When a gene is mutated or is not
present, its protein product can no longer carry out its normal function, and thus disorder or
genetically inherited disease can occur.
ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY (ADL)
Description:
Adrenoleukodystrophy (also known as X–linked adrenoleukodystrophy, ALD, X–ALD,
adrenomyeloneuropathy, Siemerling–Creutzfeldt disease, or Bronze Schilder disease) is a
progressive type of a genetically inherited disease that can cause damage to the myelin sheath,
spinal cord and white matter in the central nervous system. When affected with ADL your body
cannot break down very long–chain fatty acids (VLCFA), causing high levels of saturated VLCFA's
to build up in the brain, nervous system, adrenal glands and Leydig cells in the testes.
The childhood

Lyme Disease Is A Disease
Lyme Disease Lyme's disease is a disease that is transmitted to humans when an infected tick bites
the human's skin. According to Lymedisease.org, "Symptoms of early Lyme disease may present as
a flu–like illness (fever, chills, sweats, muscle aches, fatigue, nausea and joint pain). Some patients
have a rash or Bell's palsy (facial drooping). However, although a rash shaped like a bull's–eye is
considered characteristic of Lyme disease, many people develop a different kind of Lyme rash or
none at all." Lyme disease can be difficult to diagnose because its symptoms mimic so many other
disorders, especially if a rash is not present. Lymedisease.org, also reports that only "42% of cases
had a rash". Furthermore, lymedisease.org goes on to report that, "Many Lyme symptoms, such as
fatigue, cognitive impairment, joint pain, poor sleep, mood problems, muscle pain, and neurological
presentations also occur in other diseases. Hence, the symptoms of Lyme disease significantly
overlap those of chronic fatigue, fibromyalgia, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's
disease, ALS, depression and Alzheimer's disease. Many Lyme patients report being misdiagnosed
with a different condition before being properly diagnosed with Lyme disease." Lyme disease can
affect nearly all of our body's functions in one way or another. According to Lyme expert Dr. Lee
Cowden, "Typically, the elimination organs are invaded: Kidneys, bladder, liver, skin and lymph
glands. The Borrelia

The Human Ecology Of Disease
In studying health and disease, it is critical not only to identify what is immediately before us, but
also to gain an understanding of the contextual relationship that brought these conditions of sickness
or health to bear. Of great significance to the human ecology of disease is this dynamic context of
interactions between the human population, our environment, and our cultural behavior and practice
(Meade & Emch, 2010; Mayer, 2000). Together, these three form the "triangle of human ecology,"
which aims to make associations between various, and quite intricate, networks of human life
(Meade and Emch, 2010). The problem is that each vertex of this triangle, representing a distinct
complex system, still operates in isolation from the others. And by adhering to this theory alone, we
cannot so easily draw connections between these systems, or communities. Quite necessarily,
theories on the ecology of human disease have been synthesized by the idea of One Health, which
moves away from isolated treatment that is focused on the individual, and instead adopts a more
comprehensive approach. At a much larger scale, One Health provides a cooperative framework of
understanding complex interactions, by which, we can undertake the prevention and treatment of
disease in the context of various species (human and non–human), and their shared habitats (Barrett
& Osofsky, 2013). The notion of One Health has become indispensable for the coordination of
managing the outbreak of disease, as

Parkinson 's Disease And The Disease
Parkinson's disease is a chronic disorder of the nervous system with a gradual onset that primarily
affects the body's motor system. The symptoms of the disease are mainly caused by the death of
dopamine–producing cells in the midbrain. Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter that, among
other things, is responsible for playing a role in how the brain controls bodily movements.
Therefore, the cardinal symptoms of the disease are movement related, including tremor and rigid,
jerky movements. Parkinson's is a progressive disease, meaning it gets worse over time, until it
eventually leads to complete disability. Parkinson's is a fairly common disease, and several well–
known people, such as actor Michael J. Fox and boxer Muhammad Ali have ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Parkinson's disease produces both motor symptoms and nonmotor symptoms. There are four
cardinal motor symptoms of Parkinson's: tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia (slow movements), and
postural instability. Tremor is the most obvious symptom of Parkinson's, as well as the most
common. The tremor is uncontrollable and is most noticeable when the limb is at rest; when the
limb is in use, the tremor disappears. Often times, the tremor only affects the hand or foot on one
side of the body, but it can eventually become bilateral. Rigidity is characterized as stiffness and
resistance to movement in the limbs. The arms, legs, face, and back are areas commonly affected.
Early on, rigidity can cause joint pain, often in the shoulder. Bradykinesia is one of the most
common symptoms of Parkinson's. It is described as slowness and difficulty in initiating and making
movements, especially repetitive movements and fine motor skills, such as writing. Bradykinesia
greatly affects the ability of the Parkinson's sufferer to perform common activities of daily life, like
getting dressed. According to Nolden (2015), postural instability is the imbalance and loss of
righting reflexes. This is usually a symptom that shows up in the late stages of Parkinson's. Postural
instability is linked with high rates of hip fractures in people with Parkinson's disease, due to
increased falls. Aside from the four cardinal motor symptoms, there are secondary motor symptoms
that go

Lyme Disease : A Common Disease
While most people don't realize it, one of the most weakening diseases of the world can often be
found crawling around in the shrubs and tall grasses of one's backyard. It does not mean that only
dirty yards have this disease but, it is found in every North Americans backyard. The disease is
called Lyme disease. Lyme disease is a fairly common disease that often goes misdiagnosed in many
cases. There are many misunderstandings about this disease.
Causative Agent:
Every disease has a causative agent. The causative agent of Lyme disease is the bacterium, Borrelia
burgdorferi. Borrelia burgdorferi is a spirochete. It is not classified as either Gram–positive or
Gram–negative. When B. burgdorferi is Gram–stained, the cells stain a weak Gram–negative by
default, as safranin is the last dye used. Lyme disease does not only affect certain cells, tissues,
organs within the host. As Lyme disease is a multi–system disease which can affect virtually every
tissue and every organ of the human body. Lyme disease is a tick–borne systemic infection caused
by a spiral organism, Borrelia burgdorferi, characterized by neurological, joint, and cardiac
manifestations. Lyme disease is carried by a tiny tick. It begins with a bite and a rash that can be so
slight, you may not even notice. However, the consequences can be serious, sometimes fatal. Ticks
can feed on mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. Most ticks prefer to have a different host at
each stage of their life. Risks of human

Alzheimer 's Disease : Disease
Alzheimer's Disease Madison Lollar Psychology 1030–C62 Volstate Community College Word
Count: 1,589 Alzheimer's Disease: When it comes to Alzheimer's, I know firsthand how it affects
individuals and their families. My great grandfather had Alzheimer's for many years before his
passing late last year, at age 92. Alzheimer's is a disease that many individuals suffer with each year,
but yet with all the advancements in modern medicine we still have no cure for it. There are
different ways to conquer this disease, understanding the causes, knowing effects, and researching
possible treatments. Alzheimer's disease is a common problem in today's society and within the
older population this disease makes up the largest form of dementia. Although it is a problem in
mainly older people, this disease can still occur in the younger population also. People in their 30s–
50s can be diagnosed with this disease, even though it is not as common as people in their 60s–90s.
The number of people with Alzheimer's in the U.S. is close to five million and is expected to double
within the next 30 years. With our modern medicine and advancements one would think a cure
would be available, however, getting to the cause of the disease is a major factor. The cause of
Alzheimer's disease is one that is very debatable and questionable and most likely is a result of
multiple factors rather than one. The main issue with finding the cause is because this disease affects
the brain and can

Disease
Dracunculiasis (guinea worm disease): eradication without a drug or a vaccine, Gautam Biswas,
Dieudonne P. Sankara, Junerlyn Agua–Agum and Alhousseine Maiga, June 2013.
Introduction:
Dracunculiasis is the first parasitic disease that has the potential to be eradicated without the need of
drugs or vaccines. Since the parasite life cycle revolves around the host consuming the infected
copepod in the water, the experimental designed was to focus on the introduction of water treatment
educations into those tropical and subtropical areas.
Design and Strategies:
The eradication campaigns were also supported by many private and community partnership, and
the strategy was to surveillance, provision of safe drinking water, vector control, ... Show more
Case Study:
John has come to the doctor office, report to have intense painful, burning sensation for a few days,
and blister was observed under his right foot that was recently ruptured. A small, threadlike worm
was observed. John told the doctor that he has been working in African tropical forest for almost 2
years, and was recently got transfer back to the United States. He also develop a fever, swelling,
nausea and vomiting.
1. What is the most likely disease that John has gotten?
2. How did John get the disease?
3. What is the best treatment for the disease?
4. What are the steps that help prevent John from getting the disease when he travels back to Africa?
Or is it possible that his body develop immunity against the disease that he does not have to worry
about?
Brief summary for the brochure:
Dracunculiasis (guinea worm disease): eradication without a drug or a vaccine, Gautam Biswas,
Dieudonne P. Sankara, Junerlyn Agua–Agum and Alhousseine Maiga, June 2013.
Dracunculiasis is one of the first parasitic diseases to be eradicated in the world without the need of
drugs or vaccine. Since the only mode of transmission was through copepod vector in the water,
proper educations for water treatment

The Disease Of Lyme Disease

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Sandy Harwell

More from Sandy Harwell (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

The Disease Of Lyme Disease