Divorce In The United States

Divorce In The United States
There is a staggeringly large amount of divorces in the United States (US). In total, the US had a recorded total of 2,140,272 marriages in the year
2014 alone, and of those marriages, 813,862 ended up in divorce or annulment (Center for Disease Control). This means that as recently as 2014, there
was a divorce rate of approximately 40%. This supports the statistics that the divorce rate for the US has stayed within 40–50% since the 1970's
(Austin Institute, 2014). While the numbers themselves are important, it is also important that the causes for the high divorce rate be explored, so that
it can be known what pitfalls to avoid when participating in such an important union as marriage. There are many causes of divorce in the US such as
conflicting gender roles, socioeconomic status, religious conflicts, physical abuse, emotional abuse, alcohol addictions, and many more (Amato &
Previti, 2003). This paper will look at many of these reasons, but it will also focus on the differing reasons reported by men and women. One of the
largest reasons that couples in the US get divorced is because one member of the couple commits infidelity with an outside member. Infidelity includes
being unfaithful to your spouse or leaving your spouse to be with another more desired partner (Amato & Previti, 2003). When it comes to infidelity,
more often than not one spouse will cite the other as having been the offender than themselves (Austin Institute, 2014). Reports from the Austin Institute
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Child Abuse And Spousal Abuse
A term that is quite often used in today's society is family violence, more specifically child abuse and spousal abuse. A term that is not heard often is
elder abuse, which is unfortunate due to the fact that it is a fairly common occurrence. It was estimated that in 2009, one in ten elderly Americans
were victims of elder abuse within the previous year (Acierno, 2010). Even though elder abuse is prevalent here in America, it is seldom that this
phenomenon is actually discussed. According to the National Center on Elder Abuse, there are seven types of elder abuse: physical abuse, sexual abuse,
psychological abuse, financial exploitation, neglect, self–neglect, and abandonment" (Fischer, 2012, p. 102). "The American Medical Association
defines elder abuse and/or neglect as 'an act of commission or omission that results in harm or threatened harm to the health or welfare of an older
adult' whether intentional or unintentional" (Read, 2016, p. 32). In the 1950's, "public welfare officials were faced with an increasing number of
older persons who were unable to manage on their own and began to develop a new approach to providing services, which they called 'protective
service units'" (Bonnie & Wallace, 2003, p. 238). Due to their interest, "Congress passed legislation, as part of the Social Security Act, providing funds
to the states" (Bonnie & Wallace, 2003, p. 239) in order to set up these protective service units. "In 1974, Congress amended the Social Security Act,

Human Rights : A Classification For A Globalized World Essay
Human Rights: A Classification for a Globalized World According to the Merriam
–Webster online dictionary, human rights is defined as "rights (as
freedom from unlawful imprisonment, torture, and execution) regarded as belonging fundamentally to all persons" ("Human Rights"). Majority of
Americans can come to a conclusion of knowing and understating the basic principles of human rights. Throughout history classes in the United States
children are repeatedly read these rights through the Declaration of Independence which states everyone possess the equal amount of rights regardless
of gender, race, and financial status. However, on a global spectrum human rights hold different values. Certain countries do not hold up to the same
philosophies as America. Human rights differentiate in Sweden, Brazil, and Libya based on sexual orientation, labor rights, and the conditions of
detention centers depending on the government. To start, human rights may not have many variables in America as both men and women possess the
privilege of equality however, in other countries women still battle to receive the same amount of rights men have. For instance women in Libya
presently still struggle to acquire the same rights as men. According to the Constitutional Declaration Libya is said to be a democracy forum allowing
all citizens to implement political, domestic, and legal rights. Women encounter discrimination that immensely impacts their opportunity to
employment, their manifestation in

Does Spousal Abuse Have Permanent Effects?
Marcus Neeley
Professor Ghanayem
English 111
17 September, 2014
Does Spousal Abuse have permanent Effects? Imagine running down the street, with the bare minimum clothing, bleeding rapidly and you do not
know where you are going. You feel like you have no one to go to or call, what can you do? Althoughdomestic violence has been around for centuries,
it was not until the advent of the woman's movement about 25 years ago that the issue began receiving serious attention. Today, the issue of spousal
abuse is the subject of countless books, films, and stage plays, because domestic violence often goes unreported, it is difficult to get a firm grasp on
exactly how many domestic assaults occur each year. Furthermore, causes and effects of spousal abuse have been investigated for some years;
leaving emotional and noticeable scares for life. Domestic violence often goes unreported because the victims are living in fear, and are to afraid to
report the incidents. Women living in an abusive relationship are in constant fear of their abuser. Many women think reporting the abuse makes their
abuser beat or even kill them if finding out. "Some women who have left an abusive partner have been followed and harassed for months or even
years, and some have been killed" (Lloyd Ohlin and Michael Tonry, 207). In addition, the wives do not want the husband to be put in jail because she
needs them to help to take care of their children, although she would like to have some protection. She is

Forgiveness Therapy On Depression Anxiety And Post...
Summary The article, "The Effects of Forgiveness Therapy on Depression, Anxiety, and Posttraumatic Stress for Women after Spousal Emotional
Abuse", by Gayle L. Reed and Robert D. Enright, is a research study about the effects of forgiveness therapy. The study compared forgiveness therapy
with alternative treatments, such as anger validation, assertiveness, and interpersonal skills, to provide an efficient treatment for emotional abused
women. The authors of this article found there were many treatments available for women who have been emotional abused by a spousal, but found
that there wasn't any, "clear empirical support for the efficacy" (Reed & Enright, 2006, p. 920). Many researchers have defined the abuse or
established ways... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I know this is the reason I picked the article, hoping to find the appropriate method for me to deal this unresolved, buried time in my life. What stood
out most was the fact that resentment could lead to unhealthy conditions like depression and anxiety, which can influence ones emotional health and
decision making. I never really thought about how that past situation could have or can be impacting my relationships and/or health. In my mind I
had let it go and moved on, getting out of the predicament was the best and pretty much only move I needed to make. I can admit some anger still
remained, but I honestly thought it was normal and healthy. There isn't any hate towards the person, just not someone I would choose to be around.
But it bothers me that from that experience I could judge others in a way I may never had. Or I may over compensate in situations to cover up my
feelings of weakness because of the abusive relationship. This article has led me to better understand myself and realize that forgiveness was more
than just moving on, it is about not holding on, actually wanting good for the person who did you harm, and using all that you learned as a positive to
enrich your life. I can appreciate that Reed and Enright, took the time to compare these treatments, in order to provide a better recommendation to
women or anyone dealing with the aftermath of emotional abuse. It was not surprising there was not any concrete data available to

Jane Smith Case Interview
Interview With Jane Smith Jane Smith (J. Smith, personal communication, March 23, 2017), is a middle aged woman and a victim of marital rape and
sexual assault. Jane confided that upon arrival home after the birth of her daughter, her husband raped her for the first time. Her doctor had told her to
abstain from sexual intercourse for at least 6 weeks to allow for her body to heal. This, she states, opened the door for more sexual, emotional, mental
and physical abuse. Sometimes, she shared, the rape was not as violent because she gave into the coercion fearing being physically harmed or her
daughter being abused too. She suffered this abuse until her divorce and lifetime restraining order was finalized. Jane developed, as a result of the ...
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Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, And Policy, 8(5), 585
–591. doi:10.1037/tra0000135
Mahoney, P., & Williams, L. M. (n.d.). Sexual assault in marriage: Prevalence, consequences and treatment of wife rape. Retrieved from http:/
/www.ncdsv.org/images/NNFR_A20– YearLiteratureReviewandSynthesis.pdf
NCADV. (2015). Domestic violence national statistics. Retrieved from www.ncadv.org
National Institute of Mental Health. (2016). Anxiety disorders. Retrieved from
https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety–disorders/index.shtml
Randall, M., & Venkatesh, V. (2015). The Right to No: State Obligations to Criminalize Marital
Rape and International Human Rights Law. SSRN Electronic Journal, 41(1/3), 154–202. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2704099 U. S. Department of Health and
Human Services, Office on Women's Health.
(2015). Sexual assault | womenshealth.gov. Retrieved from https://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our–publications/fact–sheet/sexual–
assault.html
Van der Kolk, B. A. (2014). The body keeps the score: Brain, mind and body in the healing of trauma. New York, NY, US: Viking.
Vayeghan, M. (2016). Case Commentary: R. v Walsh and the "Myth" of Marital Rape. Canadian Journal of Women and the Law, 28(1), 230
–

In America, Family Violence Such As Child Abuse And Spousal
In America, family violence such as child abuse and spousal abuse which is mostly against women has been known to be a silent crime. There has
been a high percentage of cases against women and an estimated one half of all child abuse cases have been unreported (Pepler, 1989). In the late
twentieth century, feminist groups began a campaign to accomplish a goal to eliminate family violence by changing people's realization to conclude that
no victim should leave a crime unsaid .in addition, twenty–eight percent of women reported one incident of violence from their partners which shows
the decrease in unreported cases. Most physical abuse victims in the United States proves that women have a higher rate. In states, such as Nicaragua
and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most of the time, the criminal is the father, grandfather, or stepfather, and the victim is usually a female in the same family, although males are
molested as well. Most of the victims do not report the crimes because they feel afraid, ashamed, and are too young to seek help. Physical violence in
children cause physical and psychological effects in all children that experience abuse by a family member in most cases (Margolin, 1998).
Furthermore, cases that involve children that are abused by family members cannot be calculated because most cases are not reported which leads to
miscalculation in cases that are not reported. Violence in the home results in serious threats to children's development worldwide. An estimated,
thirty–three percent of women, are assaulted by their husbands or male family members in front of their children. In most countries, children's exposure
to women abuse is not evaluated however, young people who surveyed, witnessed incidents of physical domestic abuse against their mothers or
stepmothers (Pepler, 1989). In addition, the United States was evaluated that as many as ten million children were exposed to violence between their
parents each year. Then, children under the ae of twelve are

Why Did Nicole Simpson Murder
The Murder of Nicole Simpson and Ronald Goldman
–On June 12th of 1994, Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman were stabbed to death by OJ Simpson, Nicole's ex–husband. Even though the
jury from his trial found OJ not guilty, I along with many others believe that he was responsible for taking the lives of Nicole Simpson and Ronald
Goldman.
Years before the couples' divorce, OJ was charged with spousal abuse and was sentenced to community service. Less than three years later Nicole
filed for a divorce citing irreconcilable differences. Obviously Nicole was no longer happy in their marriage after she had been abused, so she
decided to leave OJ. Simpson was probably pretty mad that his punching bag had left him, so not too long after their divorce when he saw Nicole with
some other man he was infuriated. OJ Simpson went to Nicole's house and stabbed the two of them to death.
While investigating the crime scene, many items were that would lead ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nicole and OJ had been seeing each other for some time before he divorced his first wife. Also, the fact that Simpson had previously been charged
with spousal abuse just furthers the believe that he did not treat his wife the way she should have been treated. "In 1989, when O.J. pleaded no contest
to a charge of spousal abuse" (Price).
Many people may argue that since OJ Simpson didn't care at all about Nicole then why did he go through so much trouble to kill her. Well, I believe
that OJ was so angry that his old punching bag was now out of his grasp and happy that couldn't stand it and killed her.
OJ Simpson is responsible for the deaths of Nicole Simpson and Ronald Goldman. There is quite a bit of hard evidence that point to him as well as
facts based on OJ and Nicole's history together. Some of OJ's personal belongs were found on the scene. Evidence of abuse to Nicole lead to the
believe the OJ Simpson is cable of the murder of two

Trauma Of Women Essay
The panel presentation on Women (W) Righting Trauma, Resistance and Resilience was very informative and empowering. The presentation educated
me on the trauma that Greek women endured during the Greek military dictatorship (from 1946 to 1974), and the current sexual harassment that
Egyptian women are experiencing. Presenters also shared personal and creative expressions of past trauma that they suffered and how it has helped
shaped them into the women they are now. I left the presentation with a greater knowledge of global women history and enthusiasm for and therapeutic
effect of writing. The first presentation was entitled "Female narratives of trauma, silencing and resistance in the aftermath of the Greek military
dictatorship," it was... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This correlates with our previous assignment on "Immigrant women from Africa living in the U.S." In this assignment, two (2) women described the
sexual, physical, emotional, and psychological abuse they faced after emigrating from Africa to the United States. These women, like the members of
the panelist and the Syrian and Egyptian discussed in the presentation, are part of a culture that does not give women individual rights to themselves
or their bodies. Society, the government, religion and the family structure has failed to protect them. The African women that immigrated to the
United States were faced with the destruction of the family structure unit. Like the Greek imprisoned women, these African immigrants were
separated from their children after they reported the spousal abuse. Although the Greek women were later able to maintain a family structure after
incarceration, Ms. N.G's children were taken by the foster care system due to a lack of financial support. Ms. N.F's husband had disappeared and
abandoned them after she reported the abuse. It took years for Ms. N.G to be able to get back her children. However, because they had grown up in
foster care, the children did not want to Africa with their mother (Ms. N.G faced deportation). Ms. N.G later had to return to Africa without her

The Relationship Between Gender And Crime
The lack of aggression and physical strength puts women at a disadvantage in criminal activities. Further, physical strength is both crucial for
protection and committing crimes as well as management of reliable associates and contract enforcement. Sexuality also plays a major role in
determining whether an individual would become an offender. For example, the demand for illicit sex leads to increasedprostitution, which is an
opportunity for females to commit crimes. However, such demand reduces the likelihood of females to seek financial returns through committing
property crimes. Therefore, the organization of gender shapes female offending in terms of the contexts of crime, criminal motives, and criminal
opportunity.
Access to criminal opportunity plays a role in offending and victimization among women as limitations of access to legitimate opportunities make
committing crimes impossible. Further, the scarcity of females in business and political top ranks mitigates their chances of engaging in corporate
frauds, corruption, and other white–collar crimes. Women also face discrimination in the criminal underworld at all stages, for example,... Show more
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However, when a woman robs a man, guns may be involved although sex may be used to soften the target. Female and male robbery may be caused
by similar cultural and social factors although gender shapes the way the robberies are carried out. In spousal violence, women are mostly victims and
if they murder their male partners, it is because of fear. For women offenders' identity, society views them as having broken the law and gender contract
and thus women are reported to have been more ashamed of their wrongdoing than men. The shame shapes the female's desire to distance themselves
from the offender identity and their accounts of offending. Further, the shame is linked to becoming the subject of criminal justice

Rape Vs Marital Rape
Rape was not always viewed as a crime and marital rape was even further from an act of criminality, in fact until the 1970's rape laws had some
exceptions which left victims unprotected. Rape laws have changed drastically over time and marital rape has become just as recognized as rape
committed by a stranger. Two cases of maritalrape were reviewed for this discussion, discussion will be based upon similarities and differences
regarding the treatment of victims in 1977 versus 2007 as well as how the lack of resources available for victims impacted their treatment.
Additionally, potential future changes in the criminal justice system regarding rape will be discussed. Cases reviewed were the case of Emily and
Joan, Emily was a victim of rape in 1977 and Joan in 2007, both women reported being raped by their husbands.
In the 1977 case Emily reported that her husband had beaten and raped her (Laureate Education, 2012). Emily retreated to her sister's home as she
had nowhere else to go where she felt safe and contacted authorities, police came however; they did not take any detailed notes for their report. Per
Emily, the officers were nonchalant about the accounts Emily provided, the police during this time did not believe a husband could actually rape his
wife (Laureate Education, 2012). Emily went to the hospital to be treated however; not much occurred at the hospital. Emily received an exam by a
physician and was supplied a prescription for pain (Laureate Education, 2012).

Spousal Rape History
The issue of spousal rape has been neglected and belittled throughout history. Marriages and relationships are known to be sacred for sexual relations.
Many people automatically assume consent is given when sexual relations are involved in a relationship simply because they're not strangers to each
other. In history people have been accused of rape, but never convicted simply because of a ring on someone's finger. All states in the U.S. should have
the same level of severity of punishment when convicting someone of spousal rape.
According to writer and domestic violence expert Jeff Temple of Galveston Daily News, "marital rape (or spousal/intimate partner rape) is when
intercourse is obtained with force, threat of force or without partner consent ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
People believe a woman is more likely to claim they're victims of rape by their spouse because women are stereotyped as excessively emotional. The
stereotype that women are constantly emotionally unstable, especially in relationships is false. Anyone is able to decide if they want to give consent
to their partner to have sexual relations whether they're emotional or not. Labeling a woman as "snippy" as David Wise did, isn't a reason to rape
someone who refuses to give consent, as any other reason imaginable (McLaughlin). The thought that being a "good" spouse is to have sexual relations
whenever a spouse desires is alarmingly popular throughout history and even in today's

Domestic Violence And Sexual Relationships
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 2
Domestic Violence Nearly 1 in 10 women in the United States experience domestic violence within their homes; but the question is not how can we
stop it, but why does it happen? Finding out the what causes spousal violence, will likely lead us to the answer of how to prevent it from happening. In
using latent class analysis and logistic regression techniques we can find the distinct patterns of male or female domination. Studying two separate
articles "Bringing Home the Bacon" and "Gender, Work and Inmate Violence", I was able to integrate their findings to ask a new question. In one
article, "When She Brings Home the Bacon: Labor–Force Participation and the Risk of Spousal Violence Against Women", the two creditors of the
journal named Ross MacMillan and Rosemary Gartner, utilized one important aspect to conduct their study. Employment, which plays a crucial role
within interpersonal relationships because of patriarchal social relations, dependence, total years of education, along with many others and alcohol
consumption. Being that violence may come in many shapes and forms. This argument contributes two attributes to the theory and research on domestic
violence by introducing three different types of violence as well as understanding the relationship between participation in the labor force and spousal
violence. By applying the latent structure analysis to the response distributions

Domestic Violence Against Women in Canada Essay
Introduction Intimate partner violence has been a significant issue for centuries in all countries. "Since 1974, nearly 2,600 spousal homicides have
been recorded in Canada" (Bunge, 2002). Of these homicides, more than three–quarters have been against women. Although through feminism and the
women's liberation movement, there has been a slight improvement in the incidences of violence against women, there has also been a drastic change in
the perception of the issue by society. After reviewing the most recent literature onviolence against women and victimization through intimate partners,
it has become prevalent that there are now two crucial stances that are taken. The first position is that of the women being victimized as the ... Show
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For example, "changing nature of intimate relationships, increasing gender equality, legislative changes, policy and procedural changes, etc."(Bunge,
2002). Between 1974 and 2000, "the homicide rate for women decreased by 62% and the homicide rate for men dropped by more than half –55%"
(Bunge, 2002) which demonstrates the drastic decline in intimate partner violence including homicides. Secondly, one of the general concepts behind
the literature examined would be the idea that intimate partner violence is now going through a process of normalization. "For instance, popular
women's magazines frame domestic violence in a way that normalizes the victims's responsibility while ignoring the role of the abuser and society"
(Berns, 2001). "Individuals construct their own conceptions of what is normal and acceptable. These conceptions, what Cicourel (1968) calls
"background expectancies" govern all social interaction" (Berns, 2001). With the norms that society creates being the main control of interaction
amongst society, it is clear that by allowing the perspective of intimate partner violence as 'normal' will create unawareness about the issue and may
perpetuate further issues. "Women who have respect and power outside the home through community activities, including participation in microcredit
schemes, are less likely to be abused than those who do not" (Jewkes, 2002).

Arguement For Animal Cruelty
A.Research Proposal Topic Animal Cruelty Narrowed Topic Issue The violence against animals Issue Animals are being tortured and used for the
wrong reasons Research How does animal cruelty affect animals and our society? Hypothesis Animal cruelty affects animals and it is caused by people
with aggression. B.Annotated Bibliography First Entry Ascione, Frank R. and Kenneth Shapiro. "People and Animals, Kindness and Cruelty:
ResearchDirections and Policy Implications." Journal of Social Issues, vol. 65, no. 3, Sept. 2009,pp. 569–587. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1111
/j.1540–4560.2009.01614.x. This article, Ascoine and Shapiro address the challenges of defining and assessing animal abuse, the relation between
animal abuse and childhood mental health, the extensive research on animal abuse and intimate partner violence, and the implication of these... Show
"Interpersonal violence and animals: mandated cross–sector reporting."Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, vol. 34, no. 3, 2007, p. 147+.
OpposingViewpoints in Context,login.ezp.pasadena.edu/login?url=http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A167304992/OVI?u=pasa19871&xi=7a93ee22.
Accessed 9 May 2017. In this article, Long examines the virtues and limitations of creating statutory authority requiring professionals to report
substantiated abuse, neglect, and cruelty across service delivery systems. The author agrees that animals that are being abused should have the same
protection services as humans. Long writes for Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare a publication focused on animal violence and interpersonal
violence. He presents himself as an practitioner of social work. This article relates some of my other sources, which claims that animal cruelty is one
way of relating to home

Domestic Violence and Spousal Abuse
"When things were good, they were so good. Like I said, I was always secure with him. He might try to hit me and he might try to kill me, but
nobody else was going to do it. Nobody else was going to talk bad to me or hurt me or talk bad about me. That just was not going to happen. I was
secure in that sense with him. He was going to protect me from everybody else. Candy twenty–something white woman, North Carolina" (Hattery,
2009). This quote is taken from a woman who was abused by her husband, which is known as intimate partner violence. It is also known as spousal
abuse or domestic violence. Intimate partner abuse/violence is when a person in a relationship, whether married, sexually intimate, or cohabiting, and is
being abused or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This study included one hundred and sixty–eight children and adolescents ages between 4 and 17 all of which mothers had been exposed to intimate
partner violence. As a society IPV is usually perpetrated in front of children most of the time and it creates more problems without the parents'
knowledge that the children are being affected. So the most important point that society can do as a whole it to intervene, when parents begin to fight
in front of children is to call the police. The battering of women or men in front of children makes no sense, because of the effects that come with
witnessing a parent being battered such as stuttering, anxiety and fears, sleep disruption, and excessive crying. The results showed that greater numbers
of PM subtypes suffered by children, the greater the adverse effects in psychopathology and functioning were.
When a child suffers four PM subtypes, the number of DSM disorders is on average twice as high compared with children who are suffering from
only one PM subtype" (Ariadna de la Vega, 2013). With these results it is the mother's responsibility to keep children safe and out of harm's way,
because IPV can cause such disorders, especially mothers who are pregnant and are contently being abused, therefore one must bring attention to this
matter. As a member of society the effects that can happen to a woman while pregnant

Langston Hughes I Too Analysis
In many countries, marital rape either remains outside the criminal law, or is illegal but widely tolerated. Marital rape in the United States law, also
known as spousal rape, is nonconsensual sex in which the perpetrator is the victim's spouse. Racism is a discrimination directed against someone of a
different race. Freedom is hard to have in some places, therefore marital rape and race issues are similar because neither have the amount of closer
needed.
A man attacked his wife around midnight, he then violated her in more ways than one. As the husband of his victim, this violent rapist may only
receive one and a half years of imprisonment and perhaps, none at all. Whereas a stranger who commits the same crime could receive fourteen years
(Fox News Correspondent). In some eyes these two crimes are exactly the same but some may argue they are completely different. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The theme of "I, Too" is freedom, freedom is the big goal in life everyone wants it but sometimes is hard to obtain. The speaker believes that his race
is equal to white Americans. Though he is treated poorly, he knows his value and does not allow his mind to be imprisoned (Shmoop Editorial Team).
Conviction is the way to freedom, and both issues relate because both are problems that happen everyday and consequences are made but marital rape
and racism still manage to happen.
Freedom is all anyone wants but when problems like marital rape and racism come up it is hard to find peace of mind because people will always
have things to say. Marital rape is a form of partner rape, domestic violence, and of sexual abuse. Today, marital rape is illegal in all fifty states, it
was a big problem in the United States and sparked all kinds of debates. Women want closer, just like people with different race want others to stop
discriminating them for who they

Character Sketch Of Celie
The Color Purple by Alice Walker
Character sketch of Celie
Alice Walker was greatly influenced by the time period of the 1940's. There was much racism and oppression during that time, especially for black
women. Women were beaten and abused simply because of their colour and gender. It is one of the most groundbreaking novel of hers set mainly in
rural Georgia in 1930s. The book tells the story about a young African–American woman named Celie and her struggle for empowerment in the world
marked by racism, sexism and patriarchy. Alice Walker created a unique voice of her protagonist Celia.
Celia a "poor, ugly, uneducated black girl from rural Georgia". The three dominant attributes of Celie's personality are strength and endurance, the
ability ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She endures so much of hardship in spite of that she never breaks down . She continues to fight. Celie is at the bottom of the social hierarchy in
the South because she is poor, she is black, and she is female. As a female she is abused by her father and by her husband, for she lives in a patriarchal
social system that does not value a female except as a sexual object and a labourer. From early in the novel, Celie looks for ways to stand up for this
unfair system. It is Shug who teaches her about her own self–worth, making her believe in herself. As a result, she finally leaves Albert, her abusive
husband, and goes with Shug to make a life of her own. By the end of the novel, she has built a successful business, largely because she never gave in
to the reality of her life, but searched for the truth beyond it.
References
1.TheBestNotes.com Staff. "TheBestNotes on The Color Purple". TheBestNotes.com. 25 August 2014. 11 May 2008 (http://thebestnotes.com
/booknotes/Color_Purple/Color_Purple33.html >.)
2. contemporary Literature, Vol. 32, No. 1 (Spring, 1991), pp. 12–37 http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307
/2904151?searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicResults%3FQuery% 3. Democrasy Now–A Daily Independent Global News hour with Amy Goodman &
Juan GonzГЎlez.
4. Original entry by Qiana Whitted, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 09/20/2004 Last edited ny NGE Staff on 11/26/2013 http:/
/www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts–culture/color–purple 5. Fumler, Constance M. "The Color Purple." Masterplots Complete. CD–ROM.

The Effects Of Forgiveness Therapy On Depression, Anxiety...
Summary The journal article – "The Effects of Forgiveness Therapy on Depression, Anxiety and Posttraumatic Stress for Women after Spousal
Emotional Abuse" by Gayle L. Reed and Robert D. Enright is a research study to determine what effects forgiveness therapy has on emotionally abused
women who continue to experience negative psychological outcomes long after the abusive relationship has ended. In the article, the authors compared
forgiveness therapy (FT) with an alternative treatment (AT) such as anger validation, assertiveness and interpersonal skill building for women who had
been emotionally abused and permanently separated from the abuser for more than two years. The intent of the research was to focus on the negativity
that... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The study was the first empirical research supporting the benefits of FT for women who have experienced emotional abuse by a spouse or romantic
partner. It concludes that FT is a promising therapeutic approach for women who have experienced emotional abuse since it gave the abused women a
relief from negative psychological outcomes which in turn promote courage, competence and altruism.
Reflection
In order for a spouse, romantic partner/significant other to overcome the psychological and emotional trauma suffered while in an abusive relationship,
there must be a willingness to heal and move on, not wallow in self–pity because all that does is exacerbate the situation. As Reed & Enright (2006)
noted "Spousal psychological abuse represent a painful betrayal of trust, leading to serious negative psychological outcomes for the abused partner"
(Dutton & Painter, 1993; Sackett & Saunders, 1999). The abused individual must be of the mindset that the abuser no longer has power over her, that
person can no longer inflict emotional abuse or issue threats to undermine their safety and sanity and it's time to take back control of her life.
Forgiveness is an important step for the abused individual to take to regain control and move forward. Reed & Enright (2006) asserts that "In helping
clients move toward forgiveness, clinicians need to differentiate

Domestic Violence Sociology
The Children's Bureau (2014) forwards a harrowing definition of domestic and spousal abuse: "A pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is
used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partner. Domestic violence can be physical, sexual, emotional,
economic, or psychological actions or threats of actions that influence another person. This includes any behaviors that intimidate, manipulate,
humiliate, isolate, frighten, terrorize, coerce, threaten, blame, hurt, injure, or wound someone. Domestic violence can happen to anyone regardless of
race, age, sexual orientation, religion, or gender" (p. 2)
The above definition is deliberately lengthy because the intent is to illustrate the degree to which ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In a study on domestic abuse in New Jersey, the researchers found that over 30% of the children watched the violence as it was enacted before them
and all knew, through the sounds of screams, slapping, punching and the throwing of objects, that that their parents had a violent, or abnormal,
relationship (Hewins, DiBella and Mawla, 2013). The children, scared and emotionally scarred, never dare ask if something is going on, in case they
found that there is and, at the same time, are afraid of telling another family member of the problem in case the only family they know breaks up
(Hewins, DiBella and Mawla, 2013). Does this fit into the definition of a

Domestic Violence And Its Effects On The Society Essay
Introduction
Domestic violence is not is not just physical abuse, but is any behavior that is intended to control another person through the use of verbal assaults
(*cite*) A huge social issue throughout the world today. Domestic violence is not only limited to spousal abuse but also includes sibling abuse, elder
abuse and child abuse. Domestic violence may also be known as family violence, wife or child beating and domestic abuse. (cite) Domestic Violence
s a very important social issue throughout the world because it leaves a huge negative effect on the victims. Domestic violence is caused by either
male or female, but is usually caused by male because of their physical advantage. This research paper will be discussing the history of domestic
violence, different types of domestic violence and program out there that was specially created to help domestic violence victims and ways to prevent it.
Background
In 1920, domestic violence became illegal in all states. During that time, it was not considered domestic violence; it was called or known as "wife
beating". (*cite*). It wasn't until the 1970's where the criminal justice system begun to treat domestic violence as a serious matter. Domestic violence is
any physical, sexual or psychological abuse that people use against former or current partner. Domestic violence refers to many criminal behaviors such
as assault, battery, sexual assault, stalking, harassment, homicide and much more. (cite) Marital rape was not considered

The Effect Of Forgiveness Therapy On Depression, Anxiety,...
Summary
The article "The Effects of Forgiveness Therapy on Depression, Anxiety, and Posttraumatic Stress for Women after Spousal Emotional Abuse" by
Gayle Reed and Robert Enright covered the topic of spousal abuse and forgiveness. This article focused on emotional and psychological spousal abuse
and included how the abuse effected the victim. "Follingstad, Rutledge, Berg, Hause, and Polek (1990) and Sack– ett and Saunders (1999) have
identified at least seven categories of spousal psychological abuse: criticizing, ridiculing, jealous control, purposeful ignoring, threats of abandonment,
threats of harm, and damage to personal property, with ridicule associated most strongly with negative outcomes of psychological abuse." (Reed, p.922,
2006). This article suggested that forgiveness therapy (FT) will assist in forgiveness. Forgiveness therapy forgiving injustice and improving self–esteem.
The setting for this research was in a Midwest City. The study consisted on 20 participants. The participants in the study consisted on psychologically
abused woman, who were recently divorced or separated for at least 2 years from their spouse or romantic partner. These women varied between the
ages of 32 and 54 years old. They were different ethnicities such as European Americans, Hispanic American, and Native American. The participants
were also from different backgrounds and consisted of Educational levels. The findings from this study suggested that forgiveness therapy can assist

Abused And Neglected Animals : How Society Could Avoid...
Abused and Neglected Animals: How Society Could Avoid Animal Abuse
Animal abuse, cruelty, or neglect occurs when one hurts an animal or does not care for an animal in a responsible manner say by giving it food,
water, shelter and veterinary care (Progressive Animal Welfare Society (PAWS)). Although there are strict laws against the abuse of animals, the
practice is still happening, which is why the existence of societies such as PAWS are needed to help unite animals with caring caregivers. For
instance, PAWS has united more than 130,000 animals with loving families and has attended to more than 115,000 orphaned and injured animals
since 1967 (PAWS). PAWS is a shining example of the numerous ways in which society can avoid abusing animals as well as take care of them.
The first and most important way in which societies can avoid the abuse of animals is recognition that animals have rights, and they are protected
under the law. For instance, in all 50 states of the United States, there are legislations relating to the abuse of animals (Ascione). Many states recognize
the issue as a misdemeanor offense while 30 states have put in place felony–level statutes to deal with certain forms of cruelty to animals (Ascione, 1).
Although the definitions of animal abuse differ from state to state, this largely agreed upon definition should guide societies to act in ways that avoid
abusing animals. People should avoid, "socially unacceptable behavior that intentionally causes unnecessary

Marital Rape And Sexual Rape
Marital rape is rape committed by the person to whom the victim is married. Many decades passed before there was ever a law against marital rape,
even today India, along with other countries do not have a law against it. Some people will say marital rape is impossible and others will say it is
totally possible and is considered an actual rape.
Mandal says, if the legal category of rape implies sex without consent and the legal understanding of marriage entails compulsory sex, then the two will
be considered mutually exclusive and the very notion of 'marital rape' a contradiction and an impossibility. English jurists in the seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries, such as Matthew Hale and William Blackstone, which provide doctrinal support for exempting husbands from the offence of
rape, underscore exactly that: the conceptual impossibility of marital rape. For Hale, if the wife had consented to the matrimonial contract, then she
could not retract that consent when it came to sex, which was an implicit term of that contract (Geis 1978) (255). In Canada, both prosecutors and
defence lawyers alike think that the sexual history of a couple is relevant to rape trials, because if the wife usually consents to sex in a certain manner
or in certain circumstances, then the husband has every reason to presume her consent at every occasion, thus resuscitating Hale's theory of continuous
consent in marriage (Lazar 2010) (256). Greenfield includes, prior to 1991, Sir Matthew Hale explains,

The Effects Of Forgiveness Therapy After Spousal Emotional...
Ashley Pasquale The Effects of Forgiveness Therapy after Spousal Emotional Abuse Liberty University Summary Spousal abuse of women takes on
a variety of forms, one of which is psychologically and emotional abuse. This type of abuse have have negative outcomes that can last years, or even a
lifetime if not properly dealt with. There are a variety of therapies to help women cope with previous abusive relationships, but this particular study
looked into Forgiveness Therapy (Reed & Enright, 2006). Forgiveness therapy places a focus on forgiveness to alleviate resentments which can
contribute to long–term depression, anxiety, and other snegative psychological outcomes (Reed & Enright, 2006). While this does put an emphasis on...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Finally, the fourth step is discovery, where the individual feels a psychological relief from everything that has happened and is able to move forward
in a healthy manner (Reed & Enright, 2006). Using the forgiveness therapy model, a study was completed of twenty women who had suffered abusive
relationships. They were given a variety of tests before therapy to look at depression levels, self–esteem, forgiveness, abuse levels and other relevant
factors that would be important during this research. After testing these women completed forgiveness therapy with appropriately trained professionals
and worked through these phases. The counseling portion of this research included weekly sessions, lasting an hour each. These sessions continued for
at least five months, but up to a year (Reed & Enright, 2006). Following this study positive results were found. Forgiveness therapy was found to be
successful in reducing long term negative effects for those in this study. Using forgiveness therapy with emotionally abused women also showed
improvement in a variety of areas, such self–esteem, and focused on positive characteristics of the women such as altruism and courage (Reed &
Enright, 2006). Interact Reed and Enright (2006) looked at emotional spousal abuse and using forgiveness therapy to help women overcome long–term
negative outcomes associated

Theme Of Oppression In A Thousand Splendid Suns
In the novel A Thousand Splendid Suns by Khaled Hosseini, the most powerful theme shown in the novel is oppression. Hosseini effectively
delivers this theme throughout the novel by expressing the message of the corrupting influence of absolute power. In the beginning, when Nana
was still alive, her relationship with Jalil was not a healthy one, but a corrupted one of absolute power. The influence and power Jalil had over
Nana and Mariam both changed all of their lives forever. Jalil's corruption killed the three of them in the end. Jalil made Mariam marry Rasheed, just
so she could be gone. Rasheed was a prime example of this corruption power as well. He made Mariam live every day of her life with him in fear. The
Taliban's corrupting influence of absolute power held waves of destruction. The theme of oppression amplified many events in the novel.
The systematic victimization of women by patriarchal institutions is a direct result of the corrupting influence of absolute power. When the Taliban
gained control over Kabul, they enforced laws heavily restricting women. They were so petty and harsh, that if a woman painted her nails, she would
lose a finger. The Taliban made what Rasheed was doing, the basis for the perfect citizen. These laws from the book are very important: "Girls are
forbidden from attending ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By kicking girls out of schools, they will grow up learning that the abuse and oppression is normal, and not to resist. Not having an education, leaves
these women with nothing other than the ability to raise kids, clean, and cook. The differences between Mariam and Laila are astonishing: Rasheed
beats both Mariam and Laila, but only Laila stands up to him because she was taught that it was wrong. Mariam doesn't know because she never had a
father figure or a strong model to learn from. This 'not educating women' opens the door up for man's inhumanity to man, and much

Battered Woman Syndrome Essay
Battered Woman Syndrome As a Defense Battered Woman Syndrome is a medical condition used in legal defense by victims who have killed their
abusive spouse. Years of living within the "Cycle of Violence," can alter a victim's state of psychosis, leading them to a constant state of intimate
–terror.
In recently recognizing this syndrome, the courts will accept a victim's plea of "Battered Woman Syndrome" as a valid defence after killing their
abusive spouse. According to the Domestic Abuse Shelter, "In today 's society, "Battering" is the single major cause of injury to women, exceeding
rapes, muggings and auto accidents combined" ("Domestic Abuse Shelter – A New Beginning"). In multiple cases, death threats have been made,
causing victims to believe they are on their own without help from our justice system. This leads to victims finally standing up to their abuser and
putting an end to the years of suffering. Victims who commit this crime truly believe death is the only way to end this abuse. Spousal Abuse Men Vs.
Woman and the Stereotypes Spousal abuse of men is underestimated in today 's society. Men are perceived as 'tough and strong ' and able to protect
themselves. When a male contacts the authorities, they are not taken seriously or ridiculed for not being able to 'handle' their intimate partner whereas
more emphasis is placed on spousal abuse of women due to the perception of them as vulnerable in society. Men often dominate woman with brutal
force. Female

Spousal Abuse Report
This report will address the delicate topic of spousal abuse. Furthermore, it will demonstrate the writer's interpretation and understanding, including the
maltreatment and obstacles that victims may face. Spousal abuse will not discriminate against status, race, age, sexuality or education. It occurs when
one person in an intimate relationship abuses the other. This form of abuse can endure several forms. It can include emotional abuse, physical abuse,
financial abuse, sexual abuse and/or verbal abuse.
There have been theories that abuse comes from a feeling of lack of control, lack of power or due to a cycle of abuse in the perpetrator's life. Although
the theories are plentiful, what is not subjective are the emotional and physical scars

Trifles Essay
Catherine A. Boateng
Prof. Dr. Lucy McNair
ENG 102
November 20th, 2017
Essay 3 Draft I, II & II
World of play in "Trifles" "Trifle" happens in the rural part of Iowa during the winter month in 1900's, an era where women possessed little voice in
the affairs of men. The play took place in an interior of the Wright's kitchen, which is a confined private space. The landscape of a rundown farmhouse
owned by the victim of an illusive strangulation. The mood is dark, deadness and depressing whereas the only music is a canary song, mysterious and
silence. The figures and arrangements are in a gender form, the male enter first then their wives follow, the men heading upstairs to investigate the
crime scene and the women remain in the kitchen. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Few work, or activities were available to women due to the legal institution of coverture. The "History of women in the United States" states that
"Under coverture, a woman had no legal identity" (Revolvy) when married and everything she did was under a woman's father or husband's authority.
This meant that the available occupations for women were limited thus taking care of the children, cleaning the house and taking care of your husband.
The essential character in the play Trifles by Susan Glaspell remains unnoticed for the entire piece. This main character is Mrs. Wright whose actions
are to be understood, the audience never sees or hears her throughout the piece, and therefore cannot develop an accurate opinion of the outcome of the
play. The action of the story takes place after strangulation death of Minnie. In examining the actions of Mrs. Wright, she cannot be verified without
closer inspection of Minnie's personality and experiences. The spousal abuse or pattern of emotional abuse (husband to wife), isolation, the
transformation of her life and entrapment. Tradition has it that in marriage the two shall become one and everything that belongs to the man would be
for the woman so is his name. R.R.S. Stewart who is a columnist at the Minnesota Daily at the University of Minnesota and the author of "whose last
name should have married couple choose?" stated

Persuasive Essay On Animal Abuse
Animal Abuse
I'm sure you've seen all of those ad T.V. commercials with all the cute, sad animals? The ones that usually make you tear up and act emotional? Well
those ads are very important because animal abuse/animal cruelty is still going on. Even as you've read the past couple sentences, about 39 animals
have died. Animal cruelty is a huge problem NOT just in the US but also in the whole world from circuses to science labs, horse racing, and even
movies. Most of us have pets we consider family and would never harm. Although there are many Americans that abuse their pets many of us find this
very heartbreaking, but we may become hypocrites when we don't pay attention to animal violence against a animal that is not ours or even ... Show
There are many signs of Animal Abuse and multiple types of animal cruelty in which people do not know. Anything that puts harm to an Animal can be
approached and reported. Minus Bethz, "11 Signs of Animal Cruelty and How You Can Help." list the multiple types of Animal Abuse which include
the abandonment without proper food, water and shelter including 'foreclosure pets" who are abandoned in foreclosed homes. Also, Failure to provide
proper food, water and shelter, Hoarding, Failing to provide medical care, Puppy mills, Starvation, and Tethering a dog outside without proper care.
Some of the many types of animal cruelty are, Animals in research, Euthanasia practices, Hunting practices, Hunting and trapping, Pest control and
Rodeos. Though each state may differ laws on what constitutes animal cruelty. Animal fighting which includes dog fighting, cock fighting, hog–dog
fighting, Bestilaity which is sexual assault to animals, Physical harm or killing which includes beating, burning, choking, hitting, kicking, mutilating,
poisoning, shooting, stabbing torturing, also targeting the pet for physical harm in order to persuade humans into silence or compliance of their own
abuse. All of the signs

Domestic Violence Against Spouses
Domestic Violence has been a reoccurring thing for centuries all over the world. Child abuse and spousal abuse was largely overlooked and ignored
by the justice system, mental health professional, and social science researchers until the later part of the 20th century. For the most part, police saw
domestic violence against spouses as a "private matter" that should be dealt with between the spouses. Charges against the abuser would only occur if
there were serious injury or death. During the early 1900's many victims did not report the abuse because they were after they would be victimized
further (Bala, 2008).
In the 1960's and 1970's the awareness of domestic violence began to rise and there were more supports and resources put into place. There was also an
enactment of mandatory child abuse reporting laws in many jurisdictions requiring pediatricians to report abuse if they found unexplained bone
fractures, bruising or other possible physical abuse attribute on children. (Bala, 2008). The 1970's were the beginning of the battered women's
movement. During this time activist sued the police departments for failure to protect. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, this number is not accurate due to the fact that many of these cases were seen as murders, aggravated assault, or forcible rapes rather
than domestic violence. (Etter, & Birzer, 2007). Due to the huge amount of domestic violence cases the police have been trying to bring down the
number of domestic violence victims. In 2000 police departments all over the United States created a program to train police officers on domestic
violence (Huisman, Martinez, & Wilson, 2005). Even though police have been trained and still have domestic violence trainings a lot of people are
still victims of domestic violence. In 2007 alone there were reports of 554,000 female victims and 69,000 male victims of violent crime by a partner
(Franklin,

Analysis Of ' Othello ' By William Shakespeare
The amount of torture presented in the play Othello opens up the discussions of how deep does this torture go. Was Othello the only one to be
tortured throughout the play and what kind of torture is this considered when Iago doesn't touch a single person until the end of the play. Iago's
behind the scenes and not so behind the scene multiplication moves the play along at a pace that makes it impossible not to place on the blame on
him. The question is not if he is at fault by the end of the play; the question ends up being how many deaths brought on by a psychological torture
caused by Iago is actually his fault.
Timothy Turner introduces the idea, that "the effectiveness of a different kind of coercion, described [is] a psychological... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It sets up a sense of foreshadowing in the play of what's to come for anyone who crosses Iago's path. Brabantio calls out:
Strike on the tinder, ho! Give me a taper, call up all my people! This accident is not unlike my dream, Belief of it oppresses me already. Light, I say,
light (Shakespeare, 1.1.144–148)
In this case, Iago torturing Brabantio is easy, simply, because this is every father's worst nightmare coming to life. Brabantio is voicing that he's dreamt
this might happen. It's the one thing any father dreads their little girl doing. Desdemona loving and marrying Othello gives Iago all the pull he needs. If
not for their marriage everyone in this play might have come out safe, of course this is not the case. Brabantio's suffering comes to an end pretty quick
only because Desdemona puts it to an end as she explains to her father she wasn't spelled and that she is choosing Othello over her father. Though this
isn't the first twisting of words Iago's thrown out onto someone and watched the disaster take its shape.
Which now brings us to Roderigo. Iago's planted the seeds within

The Role Of Honor Killings In The Muslim World
The study's findings indicate that honor killings accelerated significantly in twenty year period between 1989 and 2009(Chesler2010). This may mean
that honor killings are genuinely escalating, perhaps as a function of jihadist extremism and Islamic fundamentalism, or that honor killings are being
more accurately reported and prosecuted, especially in the West, but also in the East. The expansion of the internet may account for wider reporting of
these incidents. Whenever an honor killing is committed, it is primarily a crime against young people. Just over half of these victims were daughters
and sisters, about a quarter were wives and girlfriends of the perpetrators. The remainder included mothers, aunts, nieces, cousins, uncles, or
non–relatives.
Honor killings are a family collaboration (Chesler2010). Worldwide, two–thirds of the victims were killed families of origin. Murder by the family of
origin was at its highest (72percent) in the Muslim world and at its lowest in North America (49). European families of origin were involved almost as
often as those in the Muslim world, possibly ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A small number of the murders worldwide involved more than one victim. Multiple murders were at their highest in North America and at their lowest
in Europe. In the Muslim world, just under a quarter of the murders involved more than one victim. Additional victims included the dead woman's
children, boyfriend fiancГ©, husband, sister, brother, or parents. In North America, over one–third of the victims tortured, in Europe, two–thirds were
tortured; in the Muslim world, half were tortured. Torturous deaths include; being raped or gang–raped before killed; being strangled or bludgeoned to
death; being stabbed many times(10 to 40 times); being stoned or burned to death; being beheaded, or having one's throat

Effects Of Counseling On Women 's Depression, Anxiety, And...
Summary The subject of this article is to review the literature on the effects forgiveness therapy on women who have depression, anxiety, and
posttraumatic stress after spousal emotional abuse. Women who have experienced this type of abuse long–after the relationship has ended still are
emotionally wounded, fragile and need long–term therapy (Reed & Enright, 2006). This type of abuse destroys trust and communication in the
relationship as well as causes one partner within the relationship to feel powerless (Reed & Enright, 2006). Researchers have identified several
associated behaviors and outcomes of emotional abuse and the impact it has over time (Reed & Enright, 2006). They also found that there is
treatment for abused women but research is still forthcoming that supports a more helpful approach for emotionally battered women (Reed & Enright,
2006). One area is forgiveness therapy; this new proposed area of treatment primary goal is to develop a relationship between forgiving what
happened, how to improve mental health related issues such as depression or anxiety and how to improve negative outcomes related to abuse (Reed &
Enright, 2006). When an emotionally abused woman seeks treatment, it can be very challenging for two reasons. The literature suggest that the first
reason recovery is challenging is because the woman often takes on the victim mindset and feels abandoned (Reed & Enright,2006). The second reason
is that the victim may feel like something she did earned

sPOUSAL aBUSE Essay
INTRODUCTION
Spousal Abuse is a rising issue today in the United States. Spousal Abuse affects individuals of all social classes and gender and both males and
females are victims of spousal abuse. Abuse of men is not a topic commonly known or discussed in our society as easily as abuse of females for
various reasons. However it is a topic that needs to be examined so men who are being abused know they are not alone and society treats it as
problem and not over look it. Bedsides the individuals directly involved it also affects children, other family members and friends that surround them.
More than five million people are battered every year alone in the United States. (Business Wire) It is estimated each ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Control or choking acts allow the abuser to show control and beg for mercy. Repeated beating–using objects are the use of objects during an assault,
using the same object allows the abuser to completely control the victim. Finally humiliation violence is the abuser will require the victim to assume
certain positions for the imposition of violence. (Wallace)
EMOTIONAL ABUSE
There are various forms of emotional abuse but they all contribute to the victim as feeling helpless and inability. One form of emotional abuse is verbal
dominance. Meaning the victims opinions, feelings and thoughts carry no weight and are pretty much meaningless. A second form of emotional abuse
is isolation, this occurs when the abuser limits the victims access to money, use of the car and other normal activities. The abuser also talks negatively
about friends and family making it uncomfortable to maintain outside relationships. A third form of emotional abuse is guilt, this occurs when the
abuser blames the spouse for his/her assaultive behavior with rationale, after a period of time the spouse blames self for the battering. A fourth form
is fear; the abuser threatens harm to spouse, family or friends in order to stay in control of a situation. Finally a fifth form of spousal abuse is
humiliation, this is when the abuser may put down the spouse in front of children, family and friends. (Wallace)
SEXUAL ABUSE
Sexual

Domestic Violence : Spousal Abuse
Domestic Violence: Spousal Abuse
Suleman Masood
California State University, Fresno Domestic violence in a relationship (specifically spousal abuse) has continuously been a perplex issue in a
functional society that has been deliberately overlooked and often ignored in a society. According to Criminology: Theory, Research and Policy,
intimate partner abuse (spousal abuse) is defined as "abuse that occurs between current or former heterosexual or homosexual intimates. It includes
physical, sexual, and emotional abuse and violence". It encompasses the idea of one gender in a relationship lacking or not fulfilling a responsibility.
This would then lead to asserting dominance over the other gender as a means to balance out the trait in which the abuser lacks. According to
Glamour.com, nearly 60 percent of women between the ages of 18–35 have experienced abuse in their lifetime; and, unfortunately, 24 percent of those
women in abusive relationships have not told anyone that they're being harmed. Theorists have categorized this type of behavior in biological,
psychological and also sociological theories. The five theories that best interpret the causation and state of the offender are the Somatotype Theory, the
Psychodynamic Theory, the Intergenerational Transmission of Violence and Modeling Theory, the Lifestyle Approach Theory, and the General Strain
Theory. The Somatotype Theory, proposed by William Sheldon, is a theory that involves the biological composition of males

Personal Statement : Domestic Violence
Mariah Parker
Mr. Christian
Career Exploration
6 April 2015
Capstone Essay: Domestic Violence Attorney An individual who is responsible for subjecting their intimate partner to domestic violence is often
controlling, manipulative, aggressive, violent, and dangerous. It is important for an individual who is experiencing any form of abuse should contact
authorities to prevent any further abuse in the relationship. While the victim of domestic violence is constructing a plan for a safe escape, the victim
will choose a domestic violence attorney. A domestic violence attorney is a lawyer who specializes in family law. Domestic violence attorneys can be
found in most cities throughout the country. For any individual it should not be difficult to locate a lawyer near their location. Domestic violence
attorneys have a great deal of experience communicating and interacting with families. It is common for a domestic violence attorney to handle cases
such as divorce, child custody battles, and child support. He or she has often had the ability to effectively connect with a child who had been affected
by witnessing domestic violence in his or hers household. Domestic violence attorneys also have had numerous encounters with communicating and
interacting with families. A domestic violence attorney may also help a victim of intimate partner abuse to feel more comfortable and secure as they
are trying to escape their detrimental environment. A domestic violence attorney will have the

An in-Depth Study of Ethics and Values Within Social Work;...
An in–depth study of ethics and values within social work; domestic violence| Social Work Report| Gavin Simpson|
Abstract:
Introduction:
Short term aim:
Raise awareness for current and future social workers about the ethical dilemmas they face whilst dealing with domestic abuse cases. I also aim to
complete this assignment for the purposes of completing an Access to Social Work Diploma.
Long term aim:
Bring this subject to the attention of social workers who are likely to face at some point in their career; a client suffering domestic abuse and being
faced with a dilemma of how to protect the service user whilst maintaining autonomy of the service user.
Definitions:
Ethics:
The science of human duty; the body ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, the most accepted method for dealing with ethical dilemmas is to develop and implement a professional code of ethics. http:/
/www.utexas.edu/ssw/dl/files/academic–programs/other/nasw–code–of–ethics.pdf Background:
Ethics and Values History
Morality Period
In the late 19th Century, social work was primarily concerned with the morality of the poor [1]( Reamer FG. The evolution of social work ethics. Soc
Work. 1998;43(6):488–501). Charitable organisation of relief was mainly directed towards pauperism and attempts to move the poor away from their
"shiftless" and "wayward" attitudes. The general idea was that poverty impacted personality. In the early 20th Century, the ideology began to distance
itself from the aforementioned idea and towards causative environmental factors. As a result the ethical duty of social work was to promote social

justice.
Values Period
The Flexner Report (1915), maintained that social needed a code of ethics in order to become a profession, in 1920 Mary Richmond had begun to
create a code of ethics for use by caseworkers. In the mid–20th Century social work journals began publishing articles regarding the subject of ethics
and core values respecting and valuing and individual's

Charles Siebert's The Animal-Cruelty Syndrome
I. Factual Summary Reports on the abuse and exploitation of animals have led to the increasing sensitivity of animal rights. Additionally, there have
been studies that demonstrate a correlation between individuals who commit acts of animal cruelty and those who commit acts that involve humanity.
In a domestic environment, individuals who perpetrate incidents of animal cruelty typically do so in order to establish authority, power, and control. This
counterintuitively reduces the offender and witness's capability to empathize. Children may limit their benevolence for a pet because they cannot
handle the overwhelming empathy they feel when the pet is injured. Once their capacity to empathize is exhausted, they begin to imitate the abusive
actions ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Siebert explains, "As a pet becomes an increasingly vital member of the family, the threat of violence to that pet becomes a strikingly powerful
intimidating force for the abuser." This connection establishes the point that animal cruelty is used as a way to authenticate authority and power in
domestic settings – abusers manipulate the vitality of a family pet to threaten and constrain other family members. The author further comments,
"Children who have witnessed such abuse or been victimized themselves frequently engage in what are known as 'abuse reactive' behaviors ...
re–enacting what has been done to them either with younger siblings or with pets." The author wanted the reader to understand how witnesses and
victims of abuse translate their experiences onto others, while filtering their compassion for a pet because they cannot manage the overwhelming
empathy they feel when the pet is harmed. This supports the article's main point that an individual may abuse an animal to exhibit their domestic or
personal power, and witnesses of animal cruelty typically have less, if not no, instances of displaying

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