4. Organ: Heart
Description:
• The heart is slightly
enlarged
• The pericardial
surface is:
- Dull, opaque and
lusterless.
- Covered by grayish
white fibrinous
material causing a
mantle like
appearance.
5. Organ: Heart
Description:
• The heart is slightly
enlarged
• The pericardial
surface is:
- Dull, opaque and
lusterless.
- Covered by grayish
white fibrinous
material causing a
mantle like
appearance.
6. Organ: Heart
Description:
• The heart is slightly
enlarged
• The pericardial
surface is:
- Dull, opaque and
lusterless.
- Covered by grayish
white fibrinous
material causing a
mantle like
appearance.
7. Organ: Heart
Description:
- The heart is slightly
enlarged.
- The pericardial
surface is covered by
dirty yellowish
purulent material.
8. Organ: Appendix
Description:
- The appendicular wall is
thickened and serosal surface
is dull, opaque and covered by
purulent material.
- Cross section at the base
shows congested, edematous
mucosa with areas of
ulceration.
- The lumen is filled with
purulent material.
- Near the tip, patches of
gangrene, with two
perforations are noted.
- The mesoappendix is dull,
opaque and lusterless.
9. Organ: Appendix
Description:
- The appendicular wall is
thickened and serosal surface
is dull, opaque and covered by
purulent material.
- Cross section at the base
shows congested, edematous
mucosa with areas of
ulceration.
- The lumen is filled with
purulent material.
- Near the tip, patches of
gangrene, with two
perforations are noted.
- The mesoappendix is dull,
opaque and lusterless.
10. Organ: Slice of the
brain
Description:
- The brain is swollen
with flattened gyri.
- The meninges are
opaque, lusterless and
covered by purulent
exudative material
particularly abundant
in the sulci.
11. Organ: Heart
Description:
- The heart is markedly
enlarged and the cardiac
chambers are dilated.
- The pericardium is whitish in
color due to fibrosis with
fibrous adhesions between the
heart and the surrounding
structures.
- The mitral valve shows:
thickened fibrotic cusps,
fused at the commissure.
- The chordae tendinae are
short, fused and fibrotic.
- The left atrium is dilated and
contains mural thrombi.
12. Organ: Liver
Description:
A part of the liver shows
multiple foci of
suppuration which are:
- More towards the
periphery.
- Small in size.
- Have central yellow
purulent areas
surrounded by red
hyperemic zones.
13. Organ: Kidney
Description:
- The kidney is swollen.
- The external surface
shows foci of suppuration
(abscesses).
- The abscesses are
multiple, small-sized and
subcapsular in location.
- Each abscess is formed
of a central yellow area
of suppuration
surrounded by a zone of
hyperemia (red).
16. Organ: Heart
Description:
- The heart is slightly
enlarged.
- The myocardium is
diffusely pale
yellowish in colour and
of soft consistency.
17. Organ: Lymph nodes.
Description:
- A group of lymph
nodes that are
enlarged and matted
together.
- Cut surface: show
numerous areas of
yellowish cheese like
necrotic tissue.
18. Organ: Heart
Description:
- The pericardial fat
is increased in
amount.
- Fatty streaks are
seen extending
between the
myocardial fibres.
19. Organ: Kidney
Description:
- Normal-sized
kidney, longitudinally
bisected.
- The kidney is
surrounded by
excessive amounts of
perinephric fat also
seen around the
region of the renal
pelvis (peripelvic fat).
20. Organ: Spleen
Description:
Cut surface of the
spleen shows
- Well circumscribed
wedge shaped pale
areas with; their base
subcapsular and apex
pointing towards the
hilum.
- The overlying
capsule shows patches
of fibrosis.
21. Organ: kidney
Description: The kidney
shows pale areas of
infarction that are
- Sharply demarcated
pale wedge shaped areas.
- The base is directed to
the cortical surface and
the apex points toward
the hilum.
- The affected areas are
depressed below the
surface of the kidney .
22. Organ: slice of brain
Description:
The brain shows
cystic areas
surrounded and
traversed by glial
tissue that give it
honey comb
appearance .
23. Organ: Right hand of an adult
Description:
The hand of an adult shows:
- Loss of the medial three
fingers and distal part of
index finger.
- The distal part of the hand
is dry, black in colour and
shrunken (mummified)
- The line of demarcation
between the gangrenous
and viable tissue is well
defined.
- N.B: As the organ is dry
and mummified, this causes
slow spread and mild
toxaemia
24. Organ: Right foot
Description:
The right foot of an adult
shows
- Dry, black and mummified
little toe
- The skin on the dorsum of
the foot is swollen and
macerated
- The line of demarcation
between the gangrenous
and the living tissue is ill
defined
25. Organ: part of small
intestine
Description:
- The intestinal wall
shows a poorly defined
dark brown to black
gangrenous areas
- The peritoneal
surface is dull and
lusterless.
26. Organ: Uterus with adnexa
(subtotal abdominal
hysterectomy with bilateral
salpingo-oopherctomy
Description:
- An enlarged distorted uterus
with nodular external surface.
- Cut section shows multiple well
defined masses are seen under
the serosa (subserous) others
are seen within the myometrium
(interstitial) while others are
seen protruding through the
endometrial cavity and lined by
endometrium (submucous) .
- One of the masses show focal
chalky white areas of
calcification .
27. Organ: Liver
Description:
• A slice from an
enlarged liver shows:
- Smooth external
surface.
- Sharp borders.
- Firm consistency.
• Cut section is dark
brown in colour, semi
translucent and waxy in
appearance.
28. Organ: Liver
Description:
• A slice from an
enlarged liver shows:
- Smooth external
surface.
- Sharp borders.
- Firm consistency.
• Cut section is dark
brown in colour, semi
translucent and waxy in
appearance.
29. Organ: Liver
Description:
• A slice from an
enlarged liver shows:
- Smooth external
surface.
- Sharp borders.
- Firm consistency.
• Cut section is dark
brown in colour, semi
translucent and waxy in
appearance.
30. Organ: Liver
Description:
• A slice from an
enlarged liver shows:
- Smooth external
surface.
- Sharp borders.
- Firm consistency.
• Cut section is dark
brown in colour, semi
translucent and waxy in
appearance.
31. Organ: spleen
Description:
• Part of moderately
enlarged spleen.
• Firm,rubbery in
consistency.
• The external surface
is smooth.
• Cut surface is mottled
by translucent light
brown areas of amyloid
material seen against a
red background of
splenic tissue.
32.
33. Organ: Lymph nodes.
Description:
- A group of lymph
nodes that are
enlarged and matted
together.
- Cut surface: show
numerous areas of
yellowish cheese like
necrotic tissue.
34.
35. List of jars
22) Arterial thrombosis (atherosclerosis of the aorta).
23) Atherosclerosis, saccular aneurysm and thrombosis of the
abdominal aorta.
24) Infective endocarditis, mitral valve.
25) Ball valve thrombus in left atrium(Heart).
26) Pulmonary embolism.
27) Chronic venous congestion. Liver.
28) Hemorrhagic infarction of the lung.
29) Splenic infarct (Pale infarct).
30) Healed brain infarcts.
31) Renal infarcts.
36. Organ: part of the Aorta
Description:
The intima of the Aorta looks
variegated and shows interconnected
geographic-like appearance, composed
of;
1) numerous atheromatous plaques
which are;
-slightly elevated above the surface.
- large size
- different in shapes.
- whitish-yellow in colour.
- some are ulcerated .
2) Complicated by deposition of red
brown and granular mural thrombi .
Diagnosis: Mural thrombi; as example of arterial thrombi
complicating aortic atherosclerosis
37. Organ: part of the Aorta
Description:
The intima of the Aorta looks
variegated and shows
interconnected geographic-like
appearance, composed of;
1) numerous atheromatous plaques
which are;
-slightly elevated above the surface.
- large size
- different in shapes.
- whitish-yellow in colour.
- some are ulcerated .
2) Complicated by deposition of red
brown and granular mural thrombi .
Diagnosis: Mural thrombi; as example of arterial
thrombi complicating aortic atherosclerosis
38. Organ: part of the abdominal Aorta
Description:
-1)The intima shows numerous elevated
yellow to greyish white atheromatous
plaques.
- 2) With focal ulceration and
superadded brown granular thrombi.
- 3)An abnormal localized dilatation of
aortic wall ( saccular aneurysm) is seen,
the cavity of which is filled with
lamellated thrombus, showing
alternated white lines with dark red
lines giving onion skin appearance or
Lines of ZAHN appearance.
Diagnosis: Mural thrombi; as example of arterial thrombosis
complicating aortic atherosclerosis with saccular aneurysm
40. Organ: heart
Description:
The mitral valve leaflets show
deposition of large, polypoid,
friable, infected, greyish-white
thrombi (vegetations) extending
to the chorda tendinea.
Diagnosis; infected endocarditis with mitral
valve vegetations
41. Organ: Heart
Description:
- An enlarged heart that shows:
- The left atrial cavity is dilated and
filled with a large rounded ball
thrombus filling the atrial cavity.
Diagnosis; Atrial thrombus on top of with
mitral valve stenosis
42. Organ: Heart
Description:
- The heart is within
normal size .
-The pulmonary
artery is opened to
show a large impacted
embolus.
43. Organ: Heart
Description:
- The heart is within
normal size .
-The pulmonary
artery is opened to
show a large impacted
embolus.
44. Organ: Liver
Description:
Slice of liver showing;
- Enlarged size.
- Borders are rounded .
- firm in consistency with tense
capsule .
-Cut surface shows mottled
appearance being formed of central
darkbrown red areas of congestion
and peripheral yellow zones of fatty
change (Nut-Meg liver).
45. Organ: Liver
Description:
Slice of liver showing;
- Enlarged size.
- Borders are rounded .
- firm in consistency with
tense capsule .
-Cut surface shows mottled
appearance being formed of
central darkbrown red areas
of congestion and peripheral
yellow zones of fatty change
(Nut-Meg liver).
46. Organ: Liver
Description:
Slice of liver showing;
- Enlarged size.
- Borders are rounded .
- firm in consistency with tense
capsule .
-Cut surface shows mottled
appearance being formed of
central darkbrown red areas of
congestion and peripheral yellow
zones of fatty change (Nut-Meg
liver).
47. Organ: lung
Description:
•Cut surface of the lung shows
in one area a lesion which is:
- wedge shaped (triangular)
with the base subpleural in
location and the apex directing
towards the hilum of the lung.
-color is dark red.
•The lung parenchyma is
reddish brown and indurated.
•The pleural overlying the
lesion is dull opaque with
patches of fibrinous exudate.
48. Organ: lung
Description:
•Cut surface of the lung shows
in one area a lesion which is:
- wedge shaped (triangular)
with the base subpleural in
location and the apex directing
towards the hilum of the lung.
-color is dark red.
•The lung parenchyma is
reddish brown and indurated.
•The pleural overlying the
lesion is dull opaque with
patches of fibrinous exudate.
49. • The infarct is dark red
because it is an infarct that
occurred in a previously
congested loosely textured
organ with dual blood supply.
•The lung parenchyma is
reddish brown due to chronic
venous congestion and
indurated due to fibrosis of
the alveolar septae.
•The pleural overlying the
lesion is dull opaque with
patches of fibrinous exudate.
50. Organ:spleen
Description:
-The cut surface of the
spleen show well
circumscribed wedge
shaped pale areas with
their base subcapsular
and their apex towards
the hilum.
-The overlaying capsule
show patches of fibrosis.
51. Organ: slice of brain
Description:
The brain shows
cystic areas
surrounded and
traversed by glial
tissue that give it
honey comb
appearance.
52. The cystic areas are
due to underlying
liquifactive necrosis
The honey comb
appearance is due to
healing by gliosis
53. Organ: Kidney
Description:
- The kidney shows
pale areas of
infarction that are
sharply demarcated
pale wedge shaped
areas.
- The base is directed
to the cortical surface
and the apex points
towards the hilum.
- The affected areas
are depressed below
the surface of the
kidney.
54. - The pale infarcts are due
to ischemic coagulative
type necrosis.
- The affected areas are
depressed below the
surface of the kidney due
to healing by fibrosis.
57. Organ: skin
Description:
- A papillary mass
lesion formed of
complex branching
papillary projections
covered by skin.
- On section, the
tumor projections
show central
brownish cores.
58. Organ: subcutaneous
tissue
Description:
- Tumor mass covered
by an ellipse of skin.
- A large thinly
encapsulated mass of
soft consistency
seen.
- Cut section, show
lobulated surface ,
yellow in color and
fatty greasy
appearance separated
by grey-white fibrous
septa.
59. Organ: subcutaneous
tissue
Description:
- Tumor mass covered
by an ellipse of skin.
- A large thinly
encapsulated mass of
soft consistency
seen.
- Cut section, show
lobulated surface ,
yellow in color and
fatty greasy
appearance separated
by grey-white fibrous
septa.
60. Organ: uterus
Description:
- An enlarged distorted
uterus with nodular
external surface.
-Cut section shows multiple
variably sized well defined
non -capsulated masses,
grayish white in color with a
whorly cut surface.
- The masses are located in
subserosa , interstitium and
submucosa.
61. Organ: uterus
Description:
- An enlarged distorted
uterus with nodular
external surface.
-Cut section shows
multiple variably sized
well defined
non -capsulated masses,
grayish white in color
with a whorly cut
surface.
- The masses are located
in subserosa ,
interstitium and
submucosa.
62. Organ: uterus
Description:
- An enlarged
distorted uterus with
nodular external
surface.
-Cut section shows
multiple variably sized
well defined
non -capsulated
masses, grayish white
in color with a whorly
cut surface.
- The masses are
located in subserosa ,
interstitium and
submucosa.
63. Organ: uterus
Description:
- An enlarged
distorted uterus with
nodular external
surface.
-Cut section shows
multiple variably sized
well defined
non -capsulated
masses, grayish white
in color with a whorly
cut surface.
- The masses are
located in subserosa ,
interstitium and
submucosa.
64. Organ: uterus
Description:
- An enlarged
distorted uterus with
nodular external
surface.
-Cut section shows
multiple variably sized
well defined
non -capsulated
masses, grayish white
in color with a whorly
cut surface.
- The masses are
located in subserosa ,
interstitium and
submucosa.
65. Organ: uterus
Description:
- An enlarged
distorted uterus with
nodular external
surface.
- Cut section shows
multiple variably sized
well defined non
encapsulated masses,
grayish white in color
with a whorly cut
surface.
- The masses are
subserosal ,
interstitial and
submucosal in location.
66. Organ: uterus
Description:
- An enlarged
distorted uterus with
nodular external
surface.
-Cut section shows
multiple variably sized
well defined
non -capsulated
masses, grayish white
in color with a whorly
cut surface.
- The masses are
located in subserosa ,
interstitium and
submucosa.
0
67. Organ: uterus
Description:
- An enlarged
distorted uterus with
nodular external
surface.
-Cut section shows
multiple variably sized
well defined
non -capsulated
masses, grayish white
in color with a whorly
cut surface.
- The masses are
located in subserosa ,
interstitium and
submucosa.
68. Organ: ovary
Description:
- A large ovarian
tumor with external
surface and cystic
consistency.
- Cut section reveals
a unilocular cyst with
thick capsule and a
sessile projecting
nodule in one area.
- The lumen is filled
with greasy yellowish
sebaceous material
and entangled hair.
69. Organ: ovary
Description:
- A large ovarian
tumor with external
surface and cystic
consistency.
- Cut section reveals
a unilocular cyst with
thick capsule and a
sessile projecting
nodule in one area.
- The lumen is filled
with greasy yellowish
sebaceous material
and entangled hair.
70. Organ: ovary
Description:
- A large ovarian
tumor with external
surface and cystic
consistency.
- Cut section reveals
a unilocular cyst with
thick capsule and a
sessile projecting
nodule in one area.
- The lumen is filled
with greasy yellowish
sebaceous material
and entangled hair.
71. Organ: piece of skin
and subcutaneous
tissue
Description:
The skin shows an
ulcer which is:
- Single, large in size
and irregular in
outline.
- Edges are raised
and everted.
- Floor is covered by
blood clots and
necrotic tissue.
- Base is hard and
indurated.
72. Organ: piece of skin
and subcutaneous
tissue
Description:
The skin shows an
ulcer which is:
- Single, small in size
and irregular in
outline.
- Edges are rolled and
beaded.
- Floor is covered by
blood clots and
necrotic tissue.
- Base is hard and
indurated.
73. Organ: part of large
intestine
Description:
- A large ovoid
ulcerative mass is seen
- The ulcer is solitary,
large in size and
irregular in outline.
- Edges are raised and
everted.
- Floor is covered by
blood clots and
necrotic tissue.
- Base is hard, fixed
and indurated.
74. Organ: part of large
intestine
Description:
- A large ovoid
ulcerative mass is seen
- The ulcer is solitary,
large in size and
irregular in outline.
- Edges are raised and
everted.
- Floor is covered by
blood clots and
necrotic tissue.
- Base is hard, fixed
and indurated.
75. Organ: part of large
intestine
Description:
- A large ovoid
ulcerative mass is seen
- The ulcer is solitary,
large in size and
irregular in outline.
- Edges are raised and
everted.
- Floor is covered by
blood clots and
necrotic tissue.
- Base is hard, fixed
and indurated.
76. Organ: part of large
intestine
Description:
- A large ovoid
ulcerative mass is seen
- The ulcer is solitary,
large in size and
irregular in outline.
- Edges are raised and
everted.
- Floor is covered by
blood clots and
necrotic tissue.
- Base is hard, fixed
and indurated.
77. Organ: liver
Description:
- A piece of liver having
irregular external
surface.
- Cut surface shows
multiple nodular masses
especially under the
capsule.
- The nodules are of
different sizes and
shapes.
- The peripheral nodules
shows umbilication due
to central necrosis and
collapse.
78. Organ: liver
Description:
- A piece of liver having
irregular external
surface.
- Cut surface shows
multiple nodular masses
especially under the
capsule.
- The nodules are of
different sizes and
shapes.
- The peripheral nodules
shows umbilication due
to central necrosis and
collapse.
79.
80.
81. List of Slides
1. Acute suppurative smear
2. Acute suppurative appendicitis
3. Chronic inflammation
4. Granulation tissue
5. Keloid
82. Acute suppurative smear
- The smear is composed of numerous dead as well
as living neutrophils, some red blood cells and
85. Acute Suppurative appendicitis
A cross section of the appendix showing:
- The lumen contains acute inflammatory
exudative material formed of fibrinous
network entangling both fresh and
degenerating polymorphs.
- Focal mucosal ulceration.
- Transmural oedema and infiltration by
both fresh and degenerating polymorphs.
- Inflammatory process has extended to the
subserosa where congested vascular
spaces are seen.
90. Chronic inflammation, skin
- The dermis shows fibrosis and aggregates of mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate formed
predominantly of lymphocytes, plasma cells and histiocytes.
- It shows thick walled BVs with perivascular inflammatory cells. Skin appendages are
97. Keloid
A section of skin showing:
- The epidermis is intact and
skin appendages are
absent.
- The underlying dermis
shows dense overgrowth of
the connective tissue in the
form of abundant broad
irregular pink hyalinized
collagen bundles.
102. 1- H&E:
Sections in the liver showing
- The liver architecture is
preserved
- Eosinophilic structureless
homogenous amyloid
material is seen deposited
extracellularly in the space
of Disse (the space between
the hepatocytes and
sinusoidal endothelial cells)
- The compressed
hepatocytes are atrophied
Amyloidosis
112. Non-Caseating granuloma
Lymph node showing
- Numerous varying sized and shaped tubercles of epitheliod macrophages (with abundant
eosinophilic poorly defined cytoplasm and vesicular nuclei) are seen with surrounding
lymphocytes
- Several multinucleated giant cells some with nuclei arranged in horse shoe pattern at
periphery (Langhan's giant cells) are seen.
- Others show irregularly scattered nuclei (foreign body type)
117. Caseous Lymphadenitis
Lymph node showing:
- Extensive areas of caseous necrosis which is eosinophilic and granular.
- At the periphery, several tubercles of epithelioid macrophages with abundant eosinophilic
cytoplasm and vesicular nuclei are seen rimmed by lymphocytes.
- Multinucleated giant cells of the Langerhan’s and F.B. types are detected.
125. Papilloma
- Tumor tissue formed of
papillary fronds
- Composed of numerous layers
of stratified squamous
epithelium
- Underlying core of delicate
fibrovascular connective tissue
containing blood and
lymphatic vessels and few
inflammatory cells.
130. Lipoma
• A benign tumor tissue with thin
capsule and lobulated
appearance.
• Tumor is formed of lobules of
mature adipocytes having well
distinct cell membrane,
vacuolized cytoplasm and a
benign- eccentric nuclei.
• No signs of atypia.
• Lobules are separated by fine
fibrovascular tissue.
133. Cavernous
hemangioma
- A non-encapsulated tumor formed of
large varying sized and shaped cavernous
sized vascular spaces .
- vascular spaces are endothelial lined,
and filled with blood .
- Scant intervening fibroconnective tissue
stroma between spaces seen.
136. Squamous cell carcinoma
− The epidermis is ulcerated in one
area.
− The dermis is infiltrated by squamous
carcinomatous cells arranged in cell
nests (masses) of different sizes and
shapes.
− The carcinomatous cells are well
differentiated squamous cells with
some of the cell masses show central
keratinization.
− Mitotic figures are few.
− The surrounding fibroconnective
tissue stroma is scant and shows few
lymphocytic infiltration.
140. Basal cell carcinoma
Sections revealed a piece of skin showing:
- Ulceration of the epidermal covering in one area.
- Infiltration of the underlying dermis by varying sized and shaped solid masses of malignant basal cells.
- Tumor cells are arranged in parallel form at periphery of the cell nest giving a Peripheral nuclear palisading
appearence. Intervening fibroconnective tissue stroma is retracted.
145. Adenocarcinoma
(colon)
Part of colonic wall showing:
- Focal mucosal ulceration.
- The submucosa and muscle coat are
invaded by malignant epithelial cells
arranged in glandular pattern of different
sizes and shapes.
- The tumor cells are mostly columnar
,stratified, and show large (increased NC
ratio), pleomorphic
hyperchromaticvesicular nuclei with
prominent eosinophilic nucleoli..
- Mitotic figures are detected.
148. Adenocarcinoma ,colon
- The tumor cells are
columnar and
stratified.
- Cells show large
(increased NC
ratio),
pleomorphic
hyperchromatic(or
vesicular) nuclei
