1. Slide (1):-Acute suppurative appendicitis
 Naked eye :-Circular structure with bluish wall
 Organ :-T.S. of an appendix
 Comment :-
1-Lumen :-Necrotic debris,intact and dead PNLs,
2-Mucosa :-Intact and ulcerated areas
3-Submucosa :-Edema ,dilated and congested blood
vessels , hyperplastic lymphoid follicles and PNL,s
may extends to musculosa or serosa
 Diagnosis :- Acute suppurative appendicitis

3. Slide (2):- Chronic inflammation
 Organ :- Section in the skin
 Comment :-
1-Epidermis :- Thickened epidermis and keratin
2-Dermis :-
-Arterioles :- Thickened and narrowed (EAO)
-Peri-vascular cuffing by (lymphocytes ,plasma cells
and macrophages)
-Increased fibroblasts and collagen.
 Diagnosis :- Chronic inflammation in skin

5. Slide(3):-Myocardial scarring
 Organ :- Section in heart
 Comment :-
Intact cardiac muscles :- Running in different directions
Infarction area :- Pale pink,fibrous tissue area ,composed of
wavy collagen,few fibroblasts and few dilated thin walled
capillaries
Diagnosis:-
Myocardial scarring

7. Cell injury (degeneration)
Water accumulation :-
e.g Cloudy swelling of kidney
Fat accumulation :-
e.g fatty change of liver

8.  Cloudy swelling :-
 Reversible cell damage characterized by mild accumulation of
water inside cells.
 Oragns affected :-Proximal convoluted tubules of kidney ,liver
and heart
 Pathogenesis:-swollen mitochondria is fragmented with
resultant decreased production of ATP and consequent distrubed
Na/K pump retention of Na and H2O inside cells .
 Pathology
 Grossly :-
The organ size :- Increased
Colour :- Pale
Consistency:- Soft

9. Cloudy swelling of kidney

10.  Section in the kidney :-
 Glomeruli :- Normal
 Tubules :-
-Lumen :- Narrowed and star shaped
-Lining epithelial cells
*Swollen
*Conical (pyramidal ) shaped.Its apex directed
inward.
*Pink and granular cytoplasm (mitochondrial
damage.
*Intact rounded nuclei .
Diagnosis :- Cloudy swelling of the kidney

12.  Fatty change ,liver
 A condition characterized by accumulation of triglyceride
inside hepatocytes
 Causes:-
1-Toxins->diphtheria 2-Chemicals as phosphorus and CCL4
 Etiology:-
1-Increased entrance of FFAheptocytes
2-Increased synthesis of FA and decreasd its oxidation
3-Increased estrification of FA
4-Decreased formation of phospholipids
5-Decreased excretion of phospholipids.

13. Specimen :- Section of liver
Size :- enlarged
D13 Surface :-Smooth
Capsule :-Thin ,stretched easily
Streped
Colour :- Yellowish
Borders :- Rounded
Consistency:- Soft

14. Slide(5):-Fatty changes of liver
 Section in liver :-
 Liver cells :-
Cytoplasm :- Contain large clear vacuoles
Nuclei :-Peripheral located nuclei(signet
ring appearance.
Some intact liver cells are seen.
Diagnosis :- Fatty changes of liver.

16. Slide(6):-Recent thrombus
 Naked eye :-Rounded structure with intra-luminal thrombus
(2nd rounded structure)
 Section in blood vessel :-
1- The lumen of blood vessel :-
-Filled by thrombus mass attached to the vessel
wall at one point (head of the thrombus )
2-The thrombus mass containing :-
pale pink lines radiating from the head (lines of Zahn) and
contain in between meshwork of fibrin ,RBC,s and WBC,s.
Diagnosis :- Recent thrombus

17. 2nd of circular lesions

18. Slide(7):-Atherosclerosis
 Naked eye :- 3rd rounded structure
 Section in an artery :-
Intima :- Degenerated and elevated
Subintima :- Fibro-fatty mass containing
, needle like crystals of cholesterol. and
haylinized C.T ± calcification
Elastic lamina :-Fragmented
Media opposite the lesion :- Atrophic .
Diagnosis :- Atherosclerosis of an artery

19. crystals
Atheroma
Calcification
Media