2. Organ: Heart
Description:
❖ Heart is slightly enlarged
❖ The pericardial surface is
• Dull opaque and lusterless.
• Covered by grayish white fibrinous material causing a mantle like appearance.
Diagnosis: Fibrinous pericarditis *Non suppurative inflammation*
Organ: Heart.
Description:
❖ The heart is slightly enlarged.
❖ The pericardial surface is covered by dirty yellowish purulent material.
Diagnosis: Purulent pericarditis. *suppurative inflammation*
2
inflammationJars
1
3. Organ: Appendix
Description:
❖ The appendicular wall is thickened and serosal surface is dull opaque and
covered by purulent material.
❖ Cross section at the bae shows congested, edematous mucosa with areas of
ulceration.
❖ The lumen is filled with purulent material.
❖ Near the tip, patches of gangrene, with 2 perforations are noted showing fecolith.
❖ The mesoappendix is dull opaque and lusterless.
Diagnosis: Acute suppurative appendicitis. (Phlegmonous appendicitis)
*suppurative inflammation*
Organ: Slice of the brain.
Description:
❖ The brain is swollen with flattened gyri and sulci.
❖ The meninges are opaque lusterless and covered by purulent exudative
material particularly abundant in sulci.
Diagnosis: Acute suppurative meningitis. *suppurative inflammation*
3
4
4. a
Organ: Heat.
Description:
❖ The heart is markedly enlarged and the cardiac chambers are dilated.
❖ The pericardium is whitich in color due to fibrosis with fibrous adhesions between
the heart and surrounding structures.
❖ The mitral valve shows: thickened fibrotic cusps, fused at the commissure.
❖ The chordae tendinae are short, fused and fibrotic.
❖ The left atrium is dilated and contains mural thrombi.
Diagnosis: Adhesive pericarditis.
Organ: Liver.
Description:
❖ A part of liver shows multiple foci of suppuration which are
• More towards the periphery.
• Small in size.
• Have central yellow purulent areas surrounded by red hyperemic zones.
Diagnosis: Pyaemic abscesses liver.
5
6
5. Organ: Kidney.
Description:
❖ The kidney is swollen.
❖ The external surface shows foci of suppuration
(abscesses)
❖ The abscesses are multiple, small sized and
subcapsular in location.
❖ Each abscess is formed of a central yellow area of
suppuration surrounded by a zone of hyperemia (red).
Diagnosis: Pyaemic abscesses of the kidney.
Description:
❖ Numerous neutrophils both living and dead cells (pus cells) with few
macrophages and red blood cells.
❖ background : made up of thick fibrinous meshwork (inflammatory exudate
Diagnosis: acute suppurative smear
7
Slides
1
6. Organ: cross section of the appendix.
Description:
• The lumen : contains acute inflammatory exudative material formed of
fibrinous network entangling both fresh and degenerating polymorphs.
• Focal mucosal ulceration.
• Transmural oedema and separating the smooth muscle cells of the muscle
coat, infiltration by both fresh and degenerating polymorphs (pus cells).
• The inflammatory process has extended to the subserosa where congested
vascular spaces are seen..
Diagnosis: Acute suppurative appendicitis
2
3
7. Organ: section through the skin.
Description:
• Normal skin , skin appendages.
• the dermis shows fibrosis and a mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate formed
predominantly of lymphocytes, plasma cells and histiocytes.
• Thick walled blood vessels are seen with perivascular aggregates of
inflammatory cells.
Diagnosis: Chronic inflammation
Description:
• Numerous scattered thin walled newly formed capillaries.
• Proliferating fibroblasts star-shaped cells with branching processes set
against an edematous background
Diagnosis: Granulation tissue
4
8. Organ: section through the skin.
Description:
• The epidermis is intact and skin appendages are absent.
• The underlying dermis shows dense overgrowth of connective tissue in the
form of abundant broad irregular pink hyalinized 'ropy' collagen bundles.
Diagnosis: keloid
Description:
• The whole lobe of the lung is affected.
• The alveolar walls show dilatation and congestion of capillaries.
• The alveolar spaces are filled with fibrinous meshwork entangling R.B.Cs and
inflammatory cells mainly polymorphs and macrophages.
Diagnosis: Lobar pneumonia * fibrinous inflammation*
5
6
*الكتاب في بس الفيديو في مش*
10. Cell injury
Jars
1
Organ: Heart
Description:
• The heart is slightly enlarged
• The myocardium is diffusely pale yellowish in colour and of soft consistency
Diagnosis: Diffuse fatty change of the heart,.
front back
2
backfront
Organ: spleen
Description:
◼ Cut surface of the spleen shows :-
1. Well circumscribed wedge shaped pale areas with ; their base subcapsular and
apex pointing towards the hilum.
2. The overlying capsule shows patches of fibrosis
Diagnosis: Healed splenic infarct (coagulative necrosis )
11. 3
Organ: kidney
Description:
◼ shows pale areas of infarction :
1. Sharply demarcated pale wedge shaped areas.
2. The base is directed to the cortical surface and the apex points towards hilum.
3.The affected areas are depressed below the surface of the kidney.
Diagnosis: renal infract (coagulative necrosis )
4 Organ: Slice of brain
Description:
• Cystic areas surrounded and
traversed by glial tissue that give it
honey-comb appearance.
Diagnosis: Healed brain infarct
(Liquefactive necrosis)
5
Organ: lymph nodes
Description:
• group of LNs that enlarged and matted together .
• cut section : show numerous area of yellowish cheese like necrotic tissue .
Diagnosis: Tuberculous lymphadenitis (caseous necrosis )
12. Organ: Heart
Description:
• The pericardial fat is increased in amount.
• Fatty streaks are seen extending between the myocardial fibers.
Diagnosis: Stromal fatty infiltration (accumulation of fat extracellular) , heart
6
backfront
7
Organ: kidney
Description:
• Normal-sized kidney, longitudinally bisected.
• The kidney is surrounded by excessive amounts of perinephric fat also seen around
the region of the renal pelvis (peripelvic fat).
Diagnosis: Stromal Fatty infiltration, kidney
Organ: Right foot
Description:
• Dry black and mummified little toe
• The skin on the dorsum of the foot is
swollen and macerated
•The line of demarcation between the
gangrenous area and living tissue is ill
defined
Diagnosis: Wet Gangrene on top
of dry gangrene, heart
8
13. backfront
Organ: Right hand of an adult
Description:
• Loss of the medial three fingers and distal part of the index finger
• The distal part of the hand is dry, black in colour and shrunken (mummified)
• The line of demarcation between the gangrenous part and viable tissue is well
defined
Diagnosis: Dry gangrene of the hand
9
10
Organ: Part of the small intestine Description
Description:
• The intestinal wall shows a poorly defined dark brown to black gangrenous area
• Line of demarcation is ill-defined. The peritoneal surface is dull and lusterless.
Diagnosis: Moist gangrene of small intestine.
14. Organ: uterus with adnexa (subtotal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-
oophorectomy specimen).
Description:
• enlarged distored uterus with nodular external surface.
• Cut section shows multiple well defined masses of variable sizes, grayish white in
colour and whorly cut surfaces.
- Some of the masses are seen under the serosa (subserous) , others are seen within
the myometrium (interstitial) , while others are seen protruding through the
endometrial cavity and lined by endometrium (submucous)
• One of the masses show focal chalky white areas of calcifications.
Diagnosis: Multiple uterine leiomyomata with calcification
11
12
Organ: liver
Description:
• A slice from an enlarged liver shows
• Smooth external surface and Sharp borders
• Firm consistency
• Cut surface: shows amyloid substance which appears dark brown in colour,
semitranslucent and waxy in appearance
Diagnosis: Amyloidosis , liver
backfrontfront
15. 12
Organ: spleen
Description:
• Part of a moderately enlarged spleen.
• Firm rubbery in consistency.
•The external surface is smooth.
◼ Cut surface
- Mottled by semitranslucent light brown areas of amyloid material seen against a red
background of splenic tissue (very similar to semi-boiled sag grains).
Diagnosis: Amyloidosis , spleen { Amyloid(sago) spleen}.
Slides
1
Organ: liver
Description:
• The liver architecture is preserved.
• Eosinophilic structure less homogeneous
amyloid material is seen deposited
extracellularly any in the space of Disse
(the space that les between the hepatocytes
and sinusoi endothelial cells),
•The compressed hepatocytes are atrophied.
Diagnosis: Amyloidosis , liver
16. Questions
1 1a.What is the name of this
appearance?
a.Hypertrophy
b.Fatty infiltration
c.Brown atrophy
d.Fatty change
Answer (d)
1b. In what other organ this changes
could be found :
a.Kidney
b.Liver
c.Pancreas
d.spleen
Answer (b).
2 2a. Name this process?
a. coagulative necrosis
b. Liquefactive necrosis
c. Neoplasm
d. Calcification
e. caseous necrosis
Answer (a)
2b. Describe the area of the pointed
structure : splenic infract
ورى لالجابة ارجع
نكملها كسلنا علشان
3 3a. Name this process?
a. coagulative necrosis
b. Liquefactive necrosis
c. Neoplasm
d. Calcification
e. caseous necrosis
Answer (b)
3b. Describe the area of the pointed
structure : Healed brain infarct
• Cystic areas surrounded and traversed
by glial tissue that give it honey-comb
appearance.
17. 4
7a. identify the lesion?
- tuberculous lymphadenitis
7b. Describe the lesion pointed by
the arrow:
- group of LNs that enlarged and matted
together.
• cut section : show numerous area of
yellowish cheese like necrotic tissue
5a. identify the lesion?
- Dry gangrene of the hand
5b. Name the pointed area:
- Line of demarcation
6
6a. identify the lesion?
- Wet gangrene of small intestine
6b. This condition is associated with:
a. Line of demarcation
b. Line of separation
c. Mummification
d. Edema
Answer (d)
4a. Identify the lesion?
- Amyloidosis (H&E ), liver
4b. Mention the location of the
pointed structure :
• Extracellular
5
7
18. 7a. Identify the lesion and the organ?
- Amyloidosis , spleen
7b. Describe the gross feature of the
pointed area.:
• Part of a moderately enlarged spleen.
• Firm rubbery in consistency.
•The external surface is smooth.
◼ Cut surface :Mottled by semitranslucent
light brown areas of amyloid material seen
against a red background of splenic tissue
8
9
10
Karyorrhexis means?
a.Disappearance of basophilia
b.Shrinkage of the nudeus with increased basophilia
c.Enlargement of the nudeus with increased basophilia
d. Fragmentation of the nucdeus
which of the following is not a feature of moist gangrene?
A. Mummification is evident
B. Rapid spread
C. No line of demarcation
D. Arterial and venous occlusion
A
D
11 A 40-year-old woman has the sudden onset of severe abdominal pain. She has
laboratory findings that include increased serum levels of lipase and amylase.
- An abdominal CT scan reveals a pancreatic lesion.
- Which of the following cellular changes is most likely to accompany
these findings?
a. Coagulative necrosis
b. Fat necrosis
C. Apoptosis
d. Liquefactive necrosis
12 Which of the following is not a site for Dystrophic calcification?
a.Atheroma
b.Dead parasites
C.Fat necrosis
d.Degenerated tumors
e.Renal tubules.
D
B
19. Jars
Hemodynamics
Disorders
1
Organ: Part of the aorta Description
Description:
The intima of the aorta shows numerous atheromatous plaques which are :
• Of varying sizes and shapes
• slightly elevated above the surface
• interconnected imparting a geographic like appearance. Some are whitish in
colour others are yellowish
• Some are ulcerated with superadded mural thrombi.
Diagnosis: Arterial thrombosis (atherosclerosis of the aorta)
20. 2
Organ: Part of the aorta
Description:
• The intima shows numerous varying sized and shaped grayish white and
occasionally yellowish interconnecting atheromatous plaques
• Some of the plaques are ulcerated with superadded thrombi
• In one area, a saccular aneurysm is seen, the cavity of which is filled with
lamellated thrombus
Diagnosis: Atherosclerosis of the aorta (green arrow ) , saccular aneurysm (red
arrow ) and thrombosis (yellow arrow )
3 Organ: heart
Description:
The heart affection is in the form of
pancarditis :
• The pericardium is dull opaque
lusterless being covered by fibrinous
exudative material
• The heart is enlarged and chambers
are dilated due to myocardial affection
• The mitral cusps are swollen and show
vegetations which :
1. located at the line of closure
2. Small and firmly adherent to
underlying cusps
Diagnosis: Acute rheumatic
carditis (mitral valve)
21. 4 Organ: heart
Description:
• The mitral valve leafiets show large
friable vegetations extending to the
chorda tendinel and destroying the
cusps of the valve.
Diagnosis: Infective endocarditis,
mitral valve.
5 Organ: heart
Description:
The heart is enlarged and shows :
• The mitral valve leaflets are irregular,
thickened, fibrotic and interadherent.
• The chordae tendinea are thickened
and shortened
• The mitral orifice is stenosed and button
hole in appearance
• The left atrial cavity is dilated and filled
with a large rounded ball thrombus filling
the atrial cavity
Diagnosis: Chronic rheumatic heart
disease and left atrial ball thrombus.
6
22. Organ: Part of the aorta
Description:
• The heart is within normal size
• The pulmonary artery is opened to show a large impacted embolus most probably
is athrombus.
Diagnosis: Pulmonary artery embolism
(example of detached thrombi (thromboemboli))
Organ: A slice of liver
Description:
• Firm in consistency having tense capsule
• Borders are rounded
• Cut surface : shows mottled appearance being formed of central dark red areas of
congestion and pale yellow zones of fatty change. (Nut-meg appearance).
Diagnosis: Chronic venous congestion
(example of detached thrombi (thromboemboli))
7
23. 8
Organ: Spleen
Description:
• A hugely enlarged spleen. The enlargement is uniform,retaining its shape.
• The spleen is firm in consistency ,deep red in colour.
• The capsule is thickened and grayish white due to fibrosis.
• Patchy perisplenitis occur over areas of subcapsular heamorrhage and heals by
fibrosis forming slightly raised white patches (fibrosiderotic nodules).
Diagnosis: Bilharzial splenomegaly
24. 9
Organ: lung
Description:
Cut section of the lung shows: in one area a lesion which is:
- wedge shaped (triangular)., With the base subpleural in location and the apex
directing towards the hilum of the lung.
- Colour: dark red.
• The lung parenchyma; reddish brown and indurated.
• The pleura overlying the lesion is dull opaque with patches of fibrinous exudate.
Diagnosis: chronic venous congestion and hemorrhagic infarction of the lung.
25. Granuloma
1
Organ: lymph node
Description:
- Loss of normal architeture and its replacement by extensive areas of caseous
necrosis which is eosinophilic and granular.
- At the periphery, several tubercles of epithelioid macrophages with abundant
eosinophilic cytoplasm and vesicular nuclei are seen rimmed by lymphocytes.
-Multinucleated giant cells of the Langerhan’s and F.B. types are detected
Diagnosis: Caseous tuberculous lymphadenitis
Slides
26. 2
Organ: lymph node
Description:
- Partial loss of normal architeture and its replacement by numerous varying sized
and shaped tubercles of epitheliod macrophages (with abundant eosinophilic
poorly defined cytoplasm and vesicular nuclei) are seen with surrounding
lymphocytes.
- Several multinucleated giant cells some with nuclei arranged in horse shoe pattern
at periphery (Langhan's giant cells) are seen.
- Others show irregularly scattered nuclei (foreign body type
Diagnosis: Non-caseating granuloma, lymph node
Langhan's giant cells foreign body giant cells
27. Questions
1 Histopathology report describes the presence of granuloma in a
lesion. Which of the following cells is pathognomonic of granuloma?
a. Epithelioid cells
b. Giant cells
c. lymphocytes
Neutrophils..d
2 Match the following
Epithelioid cellsAcute inflammation1
LymphocytesChronic Inflammation2
NeutrophilsGranuloma3
EosinophilsAllergic and parasitic reaction4
3
2
4
1
3 3a. Name the type of hypersensitivity
reaction involved in the production
of this lesion.?
- Delayed type hypersensitivity reaction
(Type IV).
4 4a. Identify the lesion ?
- Caseous tuberculous lymphadenitis
(caseating granuloma, lymph node)
4b. Name the pointed structure?
- caseating necrosis
A
28. 5 The following constitutes Virchow triad EXCEPT?
a. Endothelial injury
b. Hypoproteinemia
c. Alteration in normal blood flow (stasis or turbulence)
Alterations in blood coagulability (hypercoagulability)..d
b
6 White infarct are seen in all the following organs except ?
a. lung
b. kidney
c. heart
d. Spleen
a
7 7a. Identify the lesion ?
- Atherosclerosis of the aorta, saccular
aneurysm and thrombosis
7b. What is the underlying
mechanism for thrombosis in this
clinical setting ??
- Alteration in normal blood flow
(stasis or turbulence)
7 7a . Identify the lesion?
- Pulmonary artery embolism (example of
detached thrombi (thromboemboli))
7b. What is the common site of origin
of this lesion??
- Thrombotic emboli from deep veins
(Deep vein thrombosis” most common)”
- DVD calf ms > Femoral v >popliteal v >
iliac v
29. 8 This is an autopsy specimen of a patient
who suffered from RT sided heart failure.
8a . Identify the lesion?
- Chronic venous congestion
8b. What is the cause of this mottled
appearance?
- central dark red areas of congestion and
pale yellow zones of fatty change. (Nut-
meg appearance)
9 9a . Identify the lesion?
- splenic infract (pale)
9b. What will a biopsy taken from the
pale wedge shaped area reveal?
(coagulative necrosis )
Cut surface of the spleen shows :-
1. Well circumscribed wedge shaped pale
areas with ; their base subcapsular and
apex pointing towards the hilum.
2. The overlying capsule shows patches of
fibrosis )
30. Organ: papillary skin lesion, excision
biopsy
Description:
1. A papillary mass lesion formed of
complex branching papillary
projections covered by skin.
2. On section, the tumor projections show
central brownish cores.
Diagnosis: Squamous papilloma of the
skin *Benign epithelial tumor*
Neoplasia
Jars
1
All tumors have suffix "oma"
لل
Benign tumors Malignant tumors
❖ Non-invasive and remain localized.
❖ Slow growth rate.
❖ Close histological resemblance to
tissue of origin
❖ Invasive and capable of spreading
directly or by metastasis
❖ Relative rapid rate of growth.
❖ Variable histological resemblance to
tissue of origin.
Papilloma Adenoma
Benign tumor of
surface epithelium
Benign tumor of
glandular epithelium
Carcinoma Sarcoma
Malignant
epithelial
tumors
Malignant
Connective
tissue tumors
Benign tumors
Central brownish
C.T core
Complex branching
papillary projections
31. Squamous papilloma, Skin
Tumor tissue formed of papillary fronds:
❖ Covered by numerous layers of stratified squamous epithelium with more
keratinization.
❖ Underlying core of delicate fibrovascular C.T containing blood and lymphatic
vessels and few inflammatory cells
Slides
Projections
1. Keratine
2. Granular
cell layer
3. Prickle
cell layer
4. Basel
cell layer
1
C.T stroma
Higher magnification
32. Organ: excision biopsy of subcutaneous mass lesion.
Description:
❖ A large thinly encapsulated mass of soft consistency.
❖ On section, cut surface is lobulated, yellowish in color and fatty in
appearance.
Diagnosis: Subcutaneous lipoma.
2Jars
Slides 2
Mature
adipocytes
Higher magnification
33. Lipoma
Thinly encapsulated and lobulated tumor tissue formed of:
1. Lobules of mature adipocytes (clear vacuolated cytoplasm and eccentric
small nuclei) showing no signs of atypia.
2. Traversing fibrovascular connective tissue bands.
3Jars
Fallopian tube
Cervix
Uterine cavity
34. Organ: Uterus with adnexa (subtotal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-
oophoreectomy specimen)
Description:
❖ An enlarged distorted uterus with nodular external surface.
❖ Cut section sows
o Multiple well defined masses of variable sizes.
o Grayish white in color.
o Whorly cut surfaces.
▪ Some of the masses are seen in under the serosa (subserosa)
▪ Others are seen within the myometrium (interstitial)
35. ▪ While others are seen protruding through the endometrial cavity and lined by
endometrium (submucous).
▪ One of the masses show focal chalky white areas of calcifications.
Diagnosis: Multiple uterine leiomyomata with calcification.
Cavernous hemangioma, Skin
An non-encapsulated well
circumscribed tumor formed of
❖ large varying sized and shaped
cavernous sized,
❖ Endothelial lined,
❖ Blood filled vascular spaces with
moderate intervening
fibroconnective tissue stroma
Slides 3
Higher magnification
36. Organ: Ovarian mass (Oopherctomy
specimen)
Description:
❖ A large ovarian tumor with smooth
external surface and cystic
consistency.
❖ Cut section reveals a unilocular cyst
with thick capsule and a sessile
projecting nodule in one area.
Diagnosis: Benign cystic teratoma of
the ovary. (Dermoid cyst)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Organ: Piece of skin and subcutaneous
tissue.
Description:
The skin shows an ulcer which is:
❖ Single, large in size and irregular in outline.
❖ Edges are raised and everted.
❖ Floor is covered by blood clots and
necrotic tissue.
❖ Base is hard and indurated.
Diagnosis: Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
4Jars
Bone
Malignant tumorsJars 5
Raised everted
edges
37. Squamous cell carcinoma (well
differentiated), Skin
Sections in the skin showing:
❖ The epidermis is ulcerated in one
area.
❖ The dermis is infiltrated by
squamous carcinomatous cells
arranged in clusters and masses
of different sizes and shapes.
❖ The carcinomatous cells are well differentiated with some of the cell masses
show central keratinization surrounded by basal cells, prickle cells and
granulocytes forming cell nests.
❖ Mitotic figures are few.
❖ The surrounding fibroconnective tissue stroma is scant and shows few
lymphocytic infiltration.
Slides 4
Higher magnification
Keratine
38. A
A
A
Organ: Piece of skin and subcuataneous tissue.
Description:
The skin shows an ulcer which is:
❖ Single, small in size and irregular in outline.
❖ Edges are rolled and beaded.
❖ Floor is covered by blood clots and necrotic tissue.
❖ Base is hard and indurated.
Diagnosis: Rodent ulcer (Basal cell carcinoma of
the skin)
Jars 6
Rodent ulcer
Slides 5 Epidermis
39. Basal cell carcinoma
Sections revealed a piece of skin showing:
❖ Ulceration of the epidermal covering in one area.
❖ Infiltration of the underlying dermis by varying sized and shaped solid clusters
and masses of basaloid carcinomatous cells.
❖ Peripheral nuclear palisading is seen. *الج شبها وبلبليسيه*
❖ Intervening fibroconnective tissue stroma is retracted due to dissolution of
mucin during preparation of the slide.
Jars 7
ulcer
40. Organ: Part of the large intestine.
Description:
o A large ovoid ulcerative mass is seen.
o The ulcer is:
❖ Solitary.
❖ Large in size.
❖ Irregular in outline.
❖ Edges are raised and everted.
❖ Floor covered by blood clots and necrotic debris.
❖ Base is hard, fixed and indurated and invades the underlying structure.
Diagnosis: Ulcerative carcinoma of colon
Slides 6
Normal
Adenocarcinoma
Normal
Adenocarcinoma
41. Adenocarcinoma, Colon
Part of the colonic wall showing:
❖ Focal mucosal ulceration.
❖ The submucosa and muscle coat are infiltrated by carcinomatous cells
arranged in glandular formations of different sizes and shapes.
❖ The tumor cells are mostly columnar and show large hyperchromatic nuclei.
❖ Mitotic figures are detected
Organ: Liver
Description:
❖ A piece of liver having
❖ Irregular external surface.
❖ Cut surface show multiple nodular masses especially under the capsule.
❖ The nodules are different sizes and shapes.
❖ The peripheral nodules that are located near the surface show umbilication
due to central necrosis and collapse.
Diagnosis: Multiple metastasis nodules *liver*
Jars 8
Multiple
metastatic
nodules
42. Metastatic adenocarcinoma, LN
❖ Sections in a lymph node infiltrated in one area by carcinomatous cells
arranged in clusters and masses as well as few glandular formation.
❖ The tumor cells show pleomorphic hyperchromatic nuclei.
❖ Mitotic figures are seen.
Slides 7
Capsule of
lymph node
Perinodal fat
Cortex
Medulla
Follicles
Metastasis
43. 1. What is the name given to benign cartilage tumor ?
A. Chondroma
B. Chondrosarcoma
C. Osteoma
D. Osteosarcoma
2. What is the name given to benign striated muscle tumor?
A. Leiomyoma
B. Leiomyosarcoma
C. Rhabdomyoma
D. Rhabdomyosarcoma
3. A ------- is a neoplasm formed of cells representing all three germ cell
layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm Teratoma
4. What is the name given to a benign adipose tissue tumor?
5. Which of the following is not a malignant tumor:
A. Lymphoma
B. Melanoma
C. Leiomyoma
6. malignant epithelial tumors are called:
A. Adenomas
B. Carcinomas
C. Sarcomas
D. Papillomas
7. What is the name for this tumor shape?
A. Papillary.
B. Ulcerated.
C. Sessile.
D. fungating
E. Pedunculated.
Questions
44. 8. An epithelial neoplasm that exhibit all the cellular features associated with
malignancy but which has not yet invaded through the epithelial basement
membrane is called
A. Anaplastic
B. Carcinoma in situ
C. Carcinoma
D. Sarcoma
9. Carcinomas tend to prefer….. spread
A. Hematogenous
B. Lymphatic
C. Transcoelomic
10.grading of cancer is based on:
A. Size of the primary tumor
B. Spread of cancer cells to regional lymph nodes
C. Presence of blood borne metastasis
D. Degree of differentiation of tumor cells
11.This is a section from a tumor removed from the
colon of a 65 years old male, the process is
best described as:
A. Adenoma
B. Adenocarcinoma
C. Papilloma
D. Leiomyoma
12.This is an autopsy specimen depicting the liver of 69
years old female, one statement is correct:
A. A The lesions are mostly benign
45. B. Surgical excision of these lesions would have been curative
C. These are metastatic deposits from a colonic primary
D. Liver biopsy will mostly show keratin pearls.
13.A 45 years old heavily smoking male patient
presented with an ulcer of the lower lip. The
opposite figure reveals the microscopic picture of
a section from the ulcer
I this lesion is a……
II the arrow is points to ……….
14.This lesion describes a state of:
A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
C. Anaplasia
D. Atrophy
15.A 55 years old female patient presented to the surgery service by a
painless breast mass. After excision, this was the gross
picture of the lesion This is most probably a:
A. Fibroadenoma
B. Breast cancer
C. Breast abscess
D. Breast cyst
1. A 2. C 3. Teratoma 4. Lipoma 5. C
6. B 7. B 8. B 9. B 10.D
11.B 12.C 13. I. SCC
*Squamous cell carcinoma*
II. Keratin preal
14.C 15.B
