3. What is a bacterial disease???
Bacterial Disease : It’s any of a variety of illnesses
caused by bacteria.
Bacteria cause disease by;
i. Secreting or excreting toxins
ii. By producing toxins internally (which are released
when the bacteria disintegrate ,or by inducing
sensitivity to their antigenic properties.)
9. Some countries have special rules for salmonella
control:
1. Specific local standards for poultry houses and
equipment that must be approved
2. Investigating contamination
3. Compensated slaughter of contaminated flocks by
the state. Certain countries are considering
vaccination.
4. The use of "competitive flora" has also been
proposed to reduce the risk of contamination .
10. FOWL CHOLERA
Causal agent: Pasterurella multocida
Susceptible age: adult / old chickens
No premonitory signs.
Mortality up to 100%
Infection through oral or nasal
11. Signs and symptoms
♦ Loss of appetite
♦ Diarrhea
♦ Coughing
♦ Ruffled feathers
♦ Swollen joints and wattles
♦ Nasal, ocular and oral discharge
♦ Lameness
♦ Sudden death
12. Prevention and control
● Vaccination – live oral vaccine (at 6 wks of age)
“ CU strain”
● Antibiotics: Teracyclines
Erythromycin
Streptomycine
Penicillin
● Good rodent control
13. FOWL CORYZA
Causal agent: Haemophilus paragallinarum
Acute disease of upper respiratory tract of chickens,
turns into a chronic respiratory disease.
Whole flock is affected within 10 days
Highly contagious
14. Clinical signs
Facial swelling
Thick and sticky discharge from nose trills and eyes
Swollen wattles
Sneezing
Loss of feed and water intake
High mortality (50%)
15. Transmission
Direct bird to bird contact
By breathing airborne bacteria
Consuming contaminated feed and/ or water
Birds that have recovered may shed the bacteria
Not transmitted via eggs
16. Treatment and control
Providing antibiotics
Gentamicin
Penicillin
Streptomycin
Vaccination of chicks- Nobilis coryza
Proper disinfection/ sanitation of cages
Avoid mixing of unknown flocks
17. BUMBLE FOOT
Causal agent: Staphylococcus bacteria
Injuries to the lower surface of the foot provides entry
points to the bacteria
Common causes of injury:
• Rough perches
• Splinters
• Wire floors
• Poor litter or bedding quality
19. Signs and symptoms
Bumble foot develops in 3 distinct stages
Stage 1: pinkish red rough areas on the top or bottom
of the feet
Stage 2: increased redness, sores, inflammation and
infection. Chicken feels a little pain upon walking.
Stage3: sores will turn black. Chicken suffers from
high pain.
It will avoid any movement due to pain in feet.
20. Treatments
Soak foot in warm water and Epsom salts
Disinfect with alcohol.
If skin is open, drain pus from abscess.
Flush abscess cavity with hydrogen peroxide to
cleanout pus and debris.
Pack the cavity with antibiotic ointment .
wrap the foot with gauze and elastic bandage.
Repeat daily until foot heals.
21. Prevention and control
• Provide good quality litter or bedding.
• Keep bedding clean, dry, and deep.
• Keep perches less than 18 inches from the floor to
prevent foot damage due to impact from jumping.
• Remove potential sources of injury such as sharp
objects and/or surfaces
Editor's Notes
large numbers of birds in a flock are found dead but in good body condition
(4) Symptoms exhibits after 5 to 8 days of infection