The disease can be spread by: people - including through clothing, hands and footwear. domestic and wild birds - through droppings, feathers and discharges from the nose and mouth. contaminated equipment and vehicles

1. Sachith Sri Mihiraj
BSc (Special), M.Agri

2. Disease
 Passing of a communicable disease from an infected host in
individual or group to a conspecific individual or group, regardless of
whether the other individual was previously infected.
Spreading of diseases
• A disorder of structure or function in an any organism which
produces specific symptom

3. Spreading of broiler diseases
 A disease can spread rapidly among broilers
by new infectious agents entering to stock or
by the spread of established agents that are already in
the stock.

4. Disease can be spread by,
 People - through clothing, hands and footwear
 Domestic and wild birds – through droppings , feathers and
dischargers from nose and mouth
 Contaminated equipment and vehicles
 Air
 Feed and water
 Animals – dogs, cats, rodents
 Insects – mosquitoes, flies, beetles

5. Methods of spreading
diseases
Methods
Indirect
(Horizontal)
Hatchery transmission
Airborne transmission
Foodborne transmission
Vector borne transmission
Environmental transmission
Direct
(Vertical)
True vertical
Apparel vertical

6. Direct Transmission
Infected diseases often spread
through direct contact . There are
two ways;
 True transmission
 Apparel transmission

7. 1)True Transmission
ovarian or uterine infection from mother to chick
Eg:
Pullorum
Avian Encephalomyelitis
2)Apparel Transmission
fecal contamination of egg with subsequent penetration
Eg:
Salmonellae

8. Indirect Transmission
Infectious diseases can be also
spread indirectly through the air
and other mechanism . There are
five ways;
 Hatchery transmission
 Air-borne transmission
 Food-borne transmission
 Vector-bone transmission
 Environment transmission

9. 1)Hatchery transmission
 High humidity, high air flow and 990
F temperature like
environmental conditions affect on susceptible young chicks
 This will increase by presence of chicks affected with other
diseases, weak second-grade chicks, poor conditions as a
result of underfeeding and no vaccination.
Eg:
Aspergillosis
Salmonella
Pullorum

10. 2)Airborne transmission
 Some infectious agents can travel long distances and remain suspended
in the air for an extended period of time.
 It can be transmitted among
pen mates
 house to house
farm to farm
Eg:
 Newcastle
 Bronchitis
 Fowl coryza

11. 3)Food-borne transmission
This can happen through contaminated food and water. There are
2 ways of contamination.
I. On-farm contamination of feed
Eg:
Candidiasis
Pullorum
fowl coryza
II. contamination before farm delivery
Eg:
Salmonella
Newcastle

12. 4)Vector borne transmission
This transmission happens through
Man
 Litter and house
Eg; Newcastle
 Equipment
Eg; Gumbore
Predators and rodents
Eg; Newcastle
Free flying birds
Insects
Eg; tape worm infection by housefly
Artificial insemination

13. 5)Environmental transmission
Diseases also can be transmitted by
contaminated uncleaned poultry house,
wet litter,
too hot or too cold condition,
high buildup of chicken droppings,
no air circulation.
Eg: Marek’s disease

14. How spreading of disease can affect to the
broiler production?
 Reduce the growth rate
 Reduce breeding ability
 Reduce the feed conversion ratio
 Reduce the quality and quantity of meat
 Economical losses

15. Prevention methods
 Maintain the hygiene of the pen and surrounding
 Proper vaccination
 Do not share equipment between farms
 Control the wind spread
 Maintain a foot bath
 Same age birds in one batch
 Practice all in out method
 Dispose dead birds properly
 Secure poultry entering of dogs, cats, rodents and birds

16. Thank you