The document describes the anatomy and mechanism of the human respiratory system. It outlines the main organs - nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and lungs. It explains that the nose warms and filters air before it reaches the lungs. The lungs contain bronchi and bronchioles that facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between inhaled air and blood. The document also describes the process of inspiration where intercostal muscles and the diaphragm expand the chest cavity to inhale air, and expiration where they relax to exhale air from the lungs.

1. THE RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
BY: MUKUL SONDHI
GGSCOP

2. Anatomy of Respiratory
System
 Organs of Respiratory System
i. Nose and Nasal Cavity
ii. Pharynx
iii. Larynx
iv. Trachea
v. Lungs

4. Nose and Nasal cavity
 1st organ of respiratory system
 Divide into two parts by nasal septum
 Opens into nasopharynx
 Thick and highly vascular
 Filter and warms the air

5. Pharynx
 2nd organ of respiratory system
 Divided into three parts: nasopharynx,
oropharynx, laryngophraynx
 Common pathway for food and air
 Pahryngeal muscles keep it open all the time
 Constrictor muscles closes the pharynx while
swallowing of food

6. Larynx
 3rd organ of respiratory system
 Also known as the voice box
 Links the pharynx and trachea
 Composed of cartilages attached by ligaments:
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage
Epiglottis

7. Trachea
 4th organ of respiratory system
 Also known as the wind pipe an about
10-11cm long
 Held by C-shaped cartilages
 Through trachea air reaches the lungs
 It is flexible so that movement of neck takes
place in an easy manner

8. Lungs
 Main organ of the respiratory system
 There are two lungs and the left one is smaller than
right
 Right lung is having three lobes
 Left lung is having two lobes
 It contains a network of bronchi and bronchioles which
help in the exchange of gases

9. Mechanism of Respiration
Inspiration
 Intercostal muscles pull the
ribs upward
 Diaphragm flattens
 Chest cavity expands
 Volume of chest cavity
increases
 Air is inhaled in
Expiration
 Intercostal muscles relaxes
and move the ribs down
 Diaphragm raised
 Chest cavity contracts
 Volume of chest cavity
decreases
 Air is exhaled out

11. Exchange of Gases

12. Transport of Oxygen in body

13. Transport of Carbon Dioxide