R.S presentation

1. THE RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM

2. WHAT IS THE
RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM?
• One of the most vital organ systems in the
human body.
• The respiratory system supplies the blood
with oxygen.
• Muscles need O _ _ _ _ _ to function which is
provided through the respiratory system.
• The respiratory system removes W _ _ _ _
products such as carbon dioxide, heat and
water vapour.
• Central to the respiratory system are the
lungs - what is the function of the lungs?
• Why is this important for sports?

3. HOW DOES THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
WORK?
• Air flows from the mouth or nasal cavity down
through the pharynx, down to the trachea.
• The air the moves to the bronchi tubes as they
enter the lungs.
• Once the air is in the lungs, it enters separate
branches called the bronchiole.
• Carbon dioxide passes from the bloody into the
alveoli.
• This CO2 is then exhaled.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fVoz4V75_
E

4. STAGE 1
•Air enters body
through the
mouth, nose or
nasal cavity.

5. STAGE 2
•Air passes over the
epiglottis. The
epiglottis covers the
wind pipe (Trachea)
when we eat).

6. STAGE 3
•The air passes
down the
Trachea.

7. STAGE 4
•Air passes through
the two Bronchus.

8. STAGE 5
•The air then passes
into the smaller
bronchioles.

9. STAGE 6
•The air reaches the
alveoli (microscopic
air sacs). This is
where the air enters
the blood stream
through capillaries.

10. THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

11. RESPIRATORY MUSCLES
There are two main groups of muscles which help to
move air in and out of the lungs:
1. The Diaphragm (Sheet of muscle that runs along the
bottom of the lungs).
2. The Intercostal muscles (Found between the ribs)
Internal intercostal – muscles that lie inside the ribcage
(draw the ribs downwards and inwards when breathing
out)
External intercostal – muscles that lie outside the ribcage
(draw the ribs upwards and outwards when breathing in)

12. MECHANISMS OF BREATHING
• Breathing is the process of inhaling and exhaling air.
• The process involves making the thoracic cavity (chest)
larger, which decreases the air pressure in the lungs.
This forces air into the lungs (inhaling).
• When the thoracic cavity returns to normal size, the air is
forced out (Exhaling).

13. When inhaling…
 The intercostal muscles contract
and pull the rib cage up and out.
 The diaphragm contracts
causing it to flatten.
 The chest cavity gets
larger causing pressure
in the lungs to fall.
 Air moves into the lungs
from the higher outside
pressure.
Air
flowing
in
INSPIRATION - BREATHING IN

14.  The chest cavity gets
smaller and so pressure
in the lungs increases.
When exhaling…
EXPIRATION - BREATHING OUT
 The intercostal muscles relax
and so the rib cage returns
to normal.
 The diaphragm relaxes
pushing it up.
 Air flows out of the lungs.
 During periods of exercise, expiration becomes an active process,
involving the forced expulsion of air.
Air
flowing
out

15. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
DIFFUSION
• How gases move in open air.
E.G Oxygen passes through one cell membrane to get into or
out of a cell.
• The movement of a gas from an area of high concentration to
low concentration
• In the Respiratory System diffusion takes place in the L _ _ _ _
and the M _ _ _ _ _ _
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_aqa_pr
e_2011/cells/cells3.shtml

16. GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Gaseous exchange is the process by which one type of gas is exchanged for another. In the
lungs, gaseous exchange occurs by diffusion.
• LUNGS- High in O2 in lungs and low in CO2
• Where does the diffusion take place?
• O2 is transported to the red blood cells by haemoglobin
• MUSCLES – High in CO2 and low in O2 due to the energy production
• Where does the diffusion take place?
Capillaries = one cell thick
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mZvzl8KH6iI

17. GASEOUS EXCHANGE
• The oxygen in the air we breathe
passes through the walls of the
alveoli into the capillaries and
enters blood stream.
• In exchange for oxygen, carbon
dioxide leaves blood stream from
the capillaries into alveoli, and is
then exhaled.

18. EXAM STYLE QUESTIONS
• Identify the structure of air passing
through the respiratory system (3 marks)
• Explain the structure of the alveoli (3
marks)

19. KAHOOT
• How much do you know?
https://create.kahoot.it/details/respiratory-system/7e8951b1-938a-4a8c-
950b-3eaad8c08210

20. RESPIRATORY
VOLUMES
RESPIRATORY RATE
TIDAL VOLUME
VITAL CAPACITY
INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME
EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME
RESIDUAL VOLUME
TOTAL LUNG CAPACITY

21. RESPIRATORY RATE
• The amount of air you breathe in one minute.
• For a typical 18 year old, this represents about 12 breaths per minute at
rest, during which time about 6 litres of air pass through the lungs.
• What do you think happens when we exercise?
Significant increase by as much as 30-40 breaths per minute
PRINT OUT LUNG VOLUME AND CAPACITIES ON A HEALTH ADULT

22. • Tidal volume - the amount of air
inspired
and expired with each normal breath
during rest or exercise
• Vital capacity - the greatest amount
of air
that can be made to pass into and out
of
the lungs by the most forceful
inspiration
and expiration (4 to 5 litres approx)

23. • Inspiratory reserve volume – When breathing in
deeply, it is possible to take in more air than usual
so that more oxygen can reach the alveoli.
Is this important when exercising?
• Expiratory reserve volume – The amount of
additional air that can be breathes out after normal
expiration

24. • Residual volume – The air that
remains in the lungs after maximal
expiration after breathing out as hard
as you can.
• Total Lung Capacity – your total lung
capacity after you have inhaled as
deeply and as much as you can after
maximal inspiration.

25. RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
SHORT TERM – IMMEDIATE EFFECTS
• Increased breathing rate
• Increased tidal volume
• Increased respiratory volume – the
amount of air moving through the lungs
in one minute

26. RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
INCREASED BREATHING RATE

27. RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
INCREASED TIDAL VOLUME

28. RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
INCREASED RESPIRATORY VOLUME
Breathing rate x tidal volume

29. RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
LONG TERM – 6 WEEKS OR MORE
• Increased strength of respiratory
muscles
• Decreased breathing rate
• Increased vital capacity
• Decrease in residual volume

30. RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
INCREASED STRENGTH OF
RESPIRATORY MUSCLES

31. RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
DECREASED BREATHING RATE

32. RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
INCREASED VITAL CAPACITY

33. RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
DECREASE IN RESIDUAL VOLUME

34. The respiratory system is the means by which…
How does the Respiratory System
contribute to performance in Sport?
 ______________ is removed.
As a result, it is the respiratory system
which enables…
 Blood to become rich in oxygen and…
 The blood to supply the body with oxygen and to remove the carbon dioxide from every cell.
The Respiratory System is vital to
Performance in Sport.
 _____________ is brought into the body.