Essay On Philosophy

Essay on Philosophy
Philosophy
Philosophy started when human beings started to ask questions, about how and what things are actually, due to curiosity. The things that caused these
questions to come about were the people started to realize that everything isn't exactly what it appears to be. Philosophy started in the town of Miletus,
many early philosophers came from here. The philosophers started their work around 585 B.C. Thales, one of the early Miletus philosophers, left no
writings behind, all we know about him is memorable incidents recorded by later writers. He lived between 624 and 546 B.C. His unique contributions
to thought was he believed that even though there are differences between various things there is a basic similarity between ... Show more content on
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Pythagoras, from the small island of Samos, brought new philosophic theories. Pythagoras followers were called Pythagoreans, they devoted
themselves to mathematics. Pythagoreans, while unlike Miletus philosophers, believed everything consist of numbers. Pythagoras biggest
philosophical contribution was the concept of form. Form to them meant limit and they saw it best shown in music and medicine. In both of these,
harmony is the central fact, and taking into account proportions and limits achieve it. The greatness of Pythagoras and his followers is shown by the
influence they had on later philosophers. Many later philosophers tried to explain change, the first Heraclitus. Heraclitus main belief was that "all
things are in flux" or everything is in constant change. He described this change process as a unity in diversity. He thought the thing changing was fire.
He believed fire to be the basic reality and thought he discovered the principle of change itself. Paramenides, a younger contemporary of Heraclitus,
founded the Eleatic school of Philosophy. His major philosophical contribution was a radical interpretation of change. He rejected Heraclitus' theory of
change as unity and diversity also criticized the Miletus philosophers' explanations bout the origin of things. Paramenides rejected the thought of
change, believing change
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Philosophy : Natural, Moral, And Metaphysical Philosophy
Philosophy and philosophical thought is defined as the study of problems and matters involving existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and
language. Methods philosophers use to try and solve these issues include questioning anything about everything, critical discussions and rational
arguments amongst fellow peers and/or general public, as well as systematic presentation aka informing, teaching, convincing. Philosophy is commonly
divided into three distinct branches: Natural, Moral, and Metaphysical philosophy. And over the years, these divisions of philosophy have sprouted into
not only many more types of philosophy, but also new types of learning. Natural philosophy has lead to astronomy, physics, chemistry, biology. Moral
philosophy gave rise to social sciences, political philosophy. Metaphysical philosophy has branched off into sciences of logic, epistemology,
cosmetology.
Natural philosophy is the study of the real, tangible, physical world and Aristotle was a key philosopher in this field. He believed that all objects have
properties (form) and something that is not a part of its properties (matter) and that this relationship of form and matter cannot be separated, but can be
changed. Aristotle not only thought change was a natural occurrence but also that it is a controllable order of qualities. He thought this because when
something changes, its properties change but its matter doesn't and this change happens through three categories; non–being, potential–being,

Philosophy
Anthony Charpentier
Due Date: 10/7/14
PHI 307 – Ancient Philosophy
First Essay Assignment
Xenophanes, Socrates, Plato on the possibility of knowledge
Skepticism – A skeptical attitude; doubt as to the truth of something. In ordinary skepticism this would mean someone who would doubt the existence
of something. A difference between the two is normal skepticism is you try to get it clear in your head. Ordinary doubt– or local skepticism – can
usually be tested – and even when it can't, there may well come a time when it can. Many philosophers have had their own version and interpretation
of skepticism. Skeptics only denies we have knowledge but does not deny our belief or opinion. Most of which our true belief is just luck and ... Show
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It is a questioning technique that requires a commitment to being reasonable. The principle of the method help develop critical thinking, logic. In the
Euthyphro we are presented with both men are awaiting trials and Euthyphro awaiting a trial for his father. Socrates wants to find a universal definition
of piety and claims what he is doing is piety and prosecuting his father for manslaughter. Within this dialogue Socrates uses a series of definitions in
his discussion. One of which is Euthyphro stating piety is pleasing the gods (RAGP, pg 141)" in which Socrates disagrees and states this is wrong
because this would mean something being disputed by the gods could be pious and impious. Euthyphro addresses Socrates criticism by pointing out
that not even the gods would disagree amongst themselves but again is still wrong. So again they attempt to find a unified definition by stating piety
is an art of sacrifice and prayer and the gods in exchange for favors which is stated in section 14–15 in Reading in Ancient Greek Philosophy. The
Socratic method is negative in that it does not purport to be able to obtain a positive answer. The point is simply to show that the interlocutor's answer
is false. Throughout this Socrates does not provide his own answer to the definition of pious and decides

Philosophy In The Matrix
Philosophy in The Matrix
By Gage Sulc
This essay is about all the philosophical content in the film "The Matrix". It will focus on three main philosophical points that I found while watching
and researching this movie. Such as appearance vs reality, the relationship between mind and body, also moralphilosophy with the question "Are we
free?". Overall The Matrix as a lot of connections to philosophy that we will talk about in this essay. We are gonna in fact see how far the rabbit hole
goes.
The saying "Things aren't always as they seem" plays a big role in this film. The matrix is a computer simulation that makes humans feel like they're
living out normal lifes on earth. In reality they are really be used has a power source pretty much like batteries. This brings up an argument from
Descartes from the first chapter of meditations. It makes us question what we know based on what we've experienced (Falzon, Chris. "Philosophy and
the matrix.") How can you be sure that you are not dreaming all the time? How do you know if something or someone is just creating this illusion for
your brain? The matrix makes direct references to this idea. In the movie Morpheus says to Neo "Have you ever had a dream you were so sure was real?
What if you were unable to wake up from that dream? How would you know the difference between the real world and the dream world?" The movie
also connects Descartes idea about an evil being creating a illusion for your brain. In the movie when Neo

Kant 's Philosophy Of Philosophy
During the 18th century, the world was just reeling from the philosophical teachings of David Hume, when Immanuel Kant–Father of Western
philosophy–entered the picture. Kant's "central question was whether metaphysics–as the science of being itself–objects as they exist fundamentally
and independently of our perceptions and interpretations, is possible" (Richards 1). It is said that Kant was sent to rescue philosophy from the hands of
Hume. After consulting Hume's works, however, Kant came to the "conclusion that metaphysics was not possible, but that we humans do it anyways"
(Richards 1) So if metaphysics doesn't exist, how do we create it anyways? Did Kant save Metaphysics, or bring it to an end? For Kant, the crux of
metaphysics comes down to the viability of two varying explanations of gaining knowledge–Rationalism v. Empiricism. Before Kant could really beat
down and kill metaphysics, he had to consider and draw from the works of Hume and the rationalist approach to metaphysics. Rationalism is "a
philosophy that holds (that) it is possible to gain knowledge of reality by reason alone; all human knowledge can be brought into a single deductive
system" (Psychologydictionary.org). How can we gain knowledge from reason alone, about the universe? Well according to Hume, the contents of the
mind consist of ideas–sense– and impressions–experience, "relations of ideas exemplified by mathematics" (Wake Forest University). Relations of
ideas are the only statements

Philosophy Reflection
Often when the term philosophy comes to play, people's minds tend to reminisce of the greats, the founding fathers. Aristotle, Socrates, Julius Caesar.
While I personally have read multiple philosophical writings in my life, I did not realize how prevalent it was in my daily life. Utilitarianism, a term I
learned over the course over the semester proved to reflect who I am as a person. Utilitarianism, acting upon a choice that is agreed to bring the utmost
"good". We as humans are not one dimensional, there are copious factors that make up an individual. With multiple theories depicting how we act,
why we acted so, and how we acted so can be reflected on philosophy. Ethical Egoism "In philosophy, egoism is the theory that one's self is, or
should be, the motivation and the goal of one's own action." (Mosely). These two theories have been a foundation of my current life, as well as the life
around me. We can also apply these current theories to modern day events. Utilitarianism is the belief that one's actions and morality should be judged
by the consequences and products of those given actions, if they produce results that are "greatest good fort the greatest number of people" (Julia).
Today, we have events that could fall into these two theories, of course certain events may lean towards one side and other events may lean otherwise.
What comes to mind is the battle for Net Neutrality.
"Today, Internet is not a luxury, it is a necessity" (Barrack Obama). The internet has

Nature Of Philosophy : The Nature Of Philosophy
The Nature of Philosophy
Philosophy is a subject that chases wisdom by trying to answer the questions we have regarding our life, what we know, and what we choose to do.
One aspect of philosophy stands out too because it refers to the knowledge and what we do with the information we receive from our experience on a
day to day basis and how we process this information. The nature of philosophy surrounds the techniques we use, how we react to new knowledge,
the answers to questions we have all asked, and how we use this new knowledge to benefit ourselves or pass the wisdom to others. The nature of
philosophy is all encompassing because it helps answer the questions we constantly ask ourselves, and how we relay that knowledge as wisdom and ...
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One of Plato's key examples was the Allegory of the Cave and was a parallel between ignorance and knowledge. In this example a prisoner is exposed
to sunlight he is blinded at first but then embraces is he is then returned to his cave but when he returns and tells the other prisoners about the sunlight,
but the other prisoners did not believe him. The reason this is a parallel is that it is the way manner in which we react to new information, even learning
about philosophy we experience a sort of blinding light but then we start to accept it. It is a sort of cycle in which at first we are incredulous and
can't believe it but as soon as we are able to understand it more we can move towards expanding the point of view of those around us. They go
through the same cycle in order to understand the new knowledge. Plato even reveals this cycle, "I tell you now, that the prison is the world we see
with our eyes: the light of the fire is like the power of our sun. The climb upward out of the cave into the upper world is the ascent of the mind into the
domain of true knowledge." (Velasquez 6). In this, he also addresses the way we grow in knowledge which is one of the advantages of enduring the
process of learning. Socrates work in questioning anyone and everyone earned him the title of gadfly because he annoyed those he questioned. This
form of questioning also earned him the title of the wisest man in Athens from the Oracle of Delphi. The

Philosophy Essay
Question 1
Classified as Genesis this cosmogony in generalization covers and focuses mainly on the creation of the cosmos and is written and portrayed in a
biblical format. Genesis in chapter one begins discussion of the "beginning" and how god (elohim) created the heaven and earth (cosmos). It is said that
when the earth was shaped it was without form and emptiness and that darkness upon the face of the deep illustrated in the term chaos (Tehom).
Eventually the spirit of god (elohim) came in the form of Wind, which then moved over the face of the waters (mayim/pre–existent matter). During this
phase is which when the first stage of creation and evolution and begun. God said "let there be light" and light appeared. This was created ... Show more
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Lord Ishvara then began the task of his first creation. His first creation was with the waters (symbolism for water womb) where he planted his seed
(which symbolizes life) in it. This situation symbolically represents that the water is the Goddess Devi also known as Shakti. The seed which was
placed in the waters became what was classified as The Golden Egg. Within what it is contained in the egg it symbolized that the cosmos was born. In
Hinduism it is viewed that within the egg Brahma was born. Brahma is classified and considered a "lesser god", he was the first born of creation,
and he was the creator within the cosmos. The Golden Egg was then divided into two halves by Brahmas through after residing in the egg for one
year. The separation of the Golden Egg started come into affect for the heaven and the earth, while the heaven being the top half and earth being the
bottom half. The role of Brahma is furthered more represented when it is said in the Laws of Manu that "the imperishable one by (alternately)
waking and slumbering, incessantly revivifies and destroys that whole movable and immovable (symbolism for creation)" With this it can be
classified that Brahma is power in the process of the creation of the cosmos. Hindus believe that when the divine one wakes up the creation process is
then in turn destroyed. The Samsara is the Hindu concept of time in which it follows a cyclical time, in other words there is neither beginning nor and
end

Philosophy And The Modern Philosophy
Upon talking about the history of modern philosophy, one of the most important philosophers, who is considered as the father of the philosophy in this
period, is Descartes. He was a pioneer for the movement of the new trend of philosophy and became a break between the medieval philosophy and the
modern philosophy. Being educated in the environment of medieval philosophy, specifically in the school of Jesuits, Descartes received the system of
scholastic philosophy as his foundation for making a new start into the history of philosophy. In his life, Descartes tried to establish a system of
philosophy which was suitable to the development of society and science. To do that, he did not collapse pre–philosophical systems, but somehow he
ignored their values. In his Meditations he says "Once in my life I had to raze everything to the ground and begin again from the original foundations,
if I wanted to establish anything firm and lasting in the sciences." Therefore, he just could begin a new system of philosophy which, he thought, would
be a certain and firm foundation to get knowledge. However, to build up the principles for this foundation, Descartes had to use the concept of God in
his arguments. The existence of God became an important means for the construction of his new philosophical system. Hence, I will emphasize on the
importance of God in this paper by discovering the role of God as a means in Descartes' main points of reasoning, particularly God with the method of

Over the course of the semester I had the opportunity to read a variety of history's most famous philosophers works, from Socrates, Descartes, all the
way to Aquinas. As I read I came to realize that while they were all very smart and were all well read not a single philosopher seemed to have a solid
answer for anything. I learned a lot from philosophy 1010 this semester, but what i've come to conclude from it is that what i got out of philosophy
is it's important to ask questions, just as these wise men did. The philosopher Socrates once said "The unexamined life is not worth living" that being
one of philosophy's most famous quotes, and one that during the class we spent time exploring during the Apology. I have come to understand it as
Socrates attempting to say that if one is not aware of his own condition life is not worth it. As Socrates in the apology is kept captive and forced to
endure question after question he eventually is asked "Who are the true philosophers?", socrates then replied "Those who are lovers of the vision of
truth"(81). This vision he tries to convey is a vision in which all philosophers try to convey, but all fail too explain. It's the questions behind it that are
so important as that's what at its core philosophy is. The pondering and questioning of life's biggest questions. As back in his time Socrates was a
stone cutter not a governing official or king, he didn't serve a higher power other than that of his own will. He took it upon himself to

Philosophy Essay
Philosophy
When I was born, I did not know the difference between right and wrong. Now, I do. The word philosophy means the love of knowledge. One type of
knowledge is propter quid, which ask the question why or how. In this paper, I will demonstrate how Socrates, Hume and Aristotle, three well known
philosophers, would explain how I acquired this knowledge in relation to the principles of right and wrong. Socrates is the first philosopher, I will
discuss. Since Socrates did not write anything down, Socrates thinking is told through his student, Plato, who wrote his teachers' thoughts. Socrates is
an idealist who believes that things are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This thesis allows a man to have ideas of which he later becomes conscious by recollection; thereby overcoming the sharp division between
not–knowing and knowing, and justifying inquiry." (Sternfeld, 35) Socrates states in the Meno " A man cannot inquire about what he knows,
because he knows it, and in that case he is in no need of inquiry, nor again can he inquire about what he does not know, since he does not know
what he is to inquire." (Plato 80E) This theory of recollection may explain why we often say that we had certain knowledge before we leaned it or
heard it for the first time. It is often said that we are born with concepts and it is these concepts that structure our minds, beliefs, and actions. "In his
dialogue entitled the Meno, Plato illustrates how Socrates is able to show that even a young uneducated slave boy knows some truths of geometry not
because somebody taught him that subject but because be naturally knows the relationship of various ideas to each other." (Stumpf 260) This quote
illustrates how Socrates thought that the uneducated boy knew geometry. He recollected it from his soul. In the Meno, Socrates states that the boy is
"recovering by oneself knowledge within oneself." (Plato 85D) Knowledge in the Meno is perceived as having

The Relationship Between Education, Philosophy And...
This paper presents the relationship between education and philosophy. It starts with the purpose of education and how is it related to philosophy with
reference to different philosophical foundations of education. It also refers to examples from Pakistan and developing societies' context to understand
the relationships. At the end, it will present summary of the key relationships.
According to Fullan (2001), there are at least two major purposes to education; to prepare students in various academic or cognitive skills and
knowledge, and to prepare students in the development of individual and social skills and knowledge necessary to the function occupationally and
socio–politically in the society.
The philosophy of education is concerned primarily with these purposes of education. Education and philosophy has a close relationship with each
other. Philosophy is love of knowledge and education is acquisition of knowledge. Education practically implements the thought of the philosophers.
Every aspect of education has a philosophical base. For example, the aims of education, the aims of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The philosophy of education influences and formulates the aims and objectives of education. It sets the goals and destination for education. Philosophy
is wisdom and the role of education is to transmit that wisdom to the next generation. Different philosophies advocate different purpose for education
over the century in different societies. For example, the purpose of education in pre–literate societies was to teach survival skills and keep group
harmony. In Pakistani context, according to the Islamic philosophy, the aim and objective of education is to develop socially and morally sound person
on the principle of Islam. According to Sir Syed Ahmed Khan's philosophy, the purpose of education was education for national prosperity and harmony
within different segments of society aiming to reduce

Educational Philosophies
Educational Philosophies
Elizabeth Howell
Liberty University
What is the philosophy of education? It is a set of ideas and beliefs that guides teachers' actions and provides a framework for thinking about
educational issues. (Kauchak and Eggen, 197) Teachers use philosophy everyday in their classrooms. From the time the first student enters their room
until the last student walks out, philosophy is affecting the way the teacher runs his/her classroom and how they interact with their students. There are
four different types of educational philosophies: Perennialism, Essentialism, Progressivism, and Social reconstuctionism. There are also five classroom
applications that help teachers decide which philosophies are used while they ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Lectures, questioning, practice and feedback are some of the teaching methods I would use in my classroom. These follow the Essentialism
philosophy. I believe that consistence in a classroom is crucial but also you have to mix things up in order to keep the students attention and keep them
interested in the curriculum. On the other hand, learning should not be all fun and games. Students will never take learning seriously if there is not
seriousness implanted in their learning experience. It is my opinion classroom learning environments should be highly structured with strong focuses
on academic work as well as essential knowledge and skills. As I stated before, a child should have just as much academic knowledge as they do
knowledge of how the world works around them. This follows both Essentialism as well as Perennialism. Perennialism is an educational philosophy
suggesting that nature is constant and that schools should teach classic knowledge. (Kauchak and Eggen, 201) Lastly, I feel that teachers should offer
frequent objective and performance assessments and feedback to their students. Students should be periodically assessed on their work and given
feedback and how they are doing. This is part of the essentialism philosophy. I believe that assessing students and giving them feedback helps the
students as well as their parents know, without question, how the students in doing, what their level of

Intro to Philosophy
Introduction to Philosophy Essay
There are many reasons one should study philosophy. The study of philosophy can ultimately change the way a person lives and unlock some deep
questions about the meaning of their life. Questions you ask yourself such as why you are doing the things you are doing or where your life is
heading or what you want to become in life can be answered throughout the study of a philosophy course. Understanding philosophy is the key in
motivating us as individuals to explore life's most challenging issues. Moreover, learning to understand philosophy will help you to become more
open–minded, thoughtful, attuned to life in general, more of a critical thinker, and less accepting of simplistic answers. Philosophy can ... Show more
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Children may ask questions such as, "Why did God create life?" or "Why are bad people bad?" The best way to approach these questions is to
follow the facts and be blatantly honest. Knowledge is never gained by exaggerations and false pretenses. Philosophy is the pursuit of wisdom,
reflecting passion, commitment, and intellectual ambition. Wisdom does not merely mean having knowledge in certain areas of life, a "wise,"
person knows how to use that knowledge and apply it to the issues of life. Wise people are usually humble and do not think they have all the answers
in life; rather they approach the world with a childlike eagerness to learn. Viewing philosophy as the pursuit of wisdom was given eloquent expression
by the female philosopher Perictione, "Humanity came into being and exists in order to contemplate the principle of the nature of the whole. The
function of wisdom is to gain possession of this very thing, and to contemplate the purpose of the things that are." (Chaffee Ch1 p. 7) "Philosophy is the
science that considers the truth." – Aristotle. What we know to be true and false is very detrimental in life. Truth and reality can sometimes change our
lives for the better or the worse depending on how we approach the situation. Philosophy is committed to the truth rather than popular opinion, norms,
and conventional wisdom. Finally, philosophy is a dynamic process which probes the dynamic nature of philosophical thinking. The process of

My Personal Philosophy : My Philosophy Of Philosophy
I am a philosopher: always have been, always will be. The moment I stop questioning the world that we currently reside in, I would cease to follow
my inquisitive qualities. While there are moments when I accept things for what they truly are, I'm often caught in the act of trying to piece together
the world and its elements. Christ has called me to live a unique life. A life where I am told to have a certain type of faith while maintaining an
eternal ideology. How this all works in the end, I cannot tell you. But I believe that Christ is real, he's allowed me to survive stressful and unnerving
situations before, and he's provided me a guiding light within my own life. I grew up in a Catholic home with my father serving as the spiritual... Show
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Before, I considered God to be a protector of all, but overtime, I slowly became more and more skeptical of his abilities. At this point in my life, I
decided to venture out and even slowly start to question the concepts of other religions. Eventually, I realized that I could not forsake my own
Catholic faith. During my junior year of high school, God provided me with a series of tests that would further cement my faith. I vividly recall
during the summer before my junior year, I would often visit my friends at my Church's youth ministry group. Here, we would sit in on our
minister's discussions about faith in the high school setting. As I sat with my friends and listened in on their questions dealing with the concept of
faith, I realized that there was a disconnect between me and God. I was lacking something within my heart when it came to the concept of faith:
trust. It's apparent that nobody knows all the answers when it comes to faith, but many are content to live with a sense of mystery when it comes to
God, who isn't the easiest to define. For a person such as myself, this proves to be of great difficulty, since I'm always looking and questioning for
answers. The unknown is something I'm not accustomed to accepting, and it's for this reason why I found myself at a crossroads with God. This lack
of trust continued to grow in my high school years, and I was about to make the decision to give up my journey of seeking Christ. However, this all

For the past six weeks, I learned how philosophy has influenced the world globally. Learning how not only philosophy, but when human beings voice
their thoughts with others, they receive a chance to change the world, even if one person speaks one on one, one person can change the world of one
person. My belief in the power of language is strengthened by philosophy. This philosophy course has encouraged me to share my opinions that are not
influenced by other peers or older adults, but to deeply reflect and research my beliefs and opinions. Looking at how philosophy has shaped United
States, I am granted my gratitude towards the Constitution, and the democracy and freedom we now have, compared to other countries.
My views of electronics ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From my readings to research from Edutopia to literature courses, I have gained a deeper appreciation for language. In order to understand what one
is speaking, a person needs to spend time listening to one's language and before responding must reflect and analyze what the other said and how to
respond. If a person wants to love another person they have to listen to their language in order to speak their language, and the core part of learning
another language is by listening. According to Joan Blaska, author of The Power of Language: Speak and Write Using "Person First" the language
people use shows one's bias and prejudices. Beliefs and another's performance fall under the influence of language. Blaska claimed " the degree to
which children are able to perceive themselves as competent and worthy, or the opposite, is heavily influenced by the verbalizations used by their
teachers...Studies have found that labeling of students does affect teacher expectations which in turn affects student progress". People have heavy
influence with their words, because of this, our language must be intentional in a way, that breaks down negative stereotypes and helps one gain
empathy as well as seeing others capabilities. Communicating and reading others comments and

history of philosophy
History of philosophy
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses, see History of Philosophy (disambiguation).
This article may require copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling.You can assist by editing it. (April 2013)
Philosophy
Philosophers
Aestheticians
Epistemologists
Ethicists
Logicians
Metaphysicians
Social and political philosophers
Traditions
Analytic
Continental
Eastern
Islamic
Platonic
Scholastic
Periods
Ancient
Medieval
Modern
Contemporary

Literature
Aesthetics
Epistemology
Ethics
Logic
Metaphysics
Political philosophy
Branches
Aesthetics
Epistemology
Ethics
Logic
Metaphysics
Political philosophy
Social philosophy
Lists
Index
Outline
Years
Problems ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is said that following a visit to the Oracle of Delphi he spent much of his life questioning anyone in Athens who would engage him, in order to
disprove the oracular prophecy that there would be no man wiser than Socrates. Through these live dialogues, he examined common but critical
concepts that lacked clear or concrete definitions, such as beauty and truth, and the virtues of piety, wisdom, temperance, courage, and justice.
Socrates' awareness of his own ignorance allowed him to discover his errors as well as the errors of those who claimed knowledge based upon
falsifiable or unclear precepts and beliefs. He wrote nothing, but inspired many disciples, including many sons of prominent Athenian citizens
(including Plato), which led to his trial and executionin 399 B.C. on the charge that his philosophy and sophistry were undermining the youth, piety,
and moral fiber of the city. He was offered a chance to flee from his fate but chose to remain in Athens, abide by his principles, and drink the poison
hemlock.
Socrates' most important student was Plato, who founded the Academy of Athens and wrote a number of dialogues, which applied theSocratic method
of inquiry to examine philosophical problems. Some central ideas of Plato's dialogues are the Theory of Forms, i.e., that the mind is imbued with an
innate capacity to understand and contemplate concepts from a higher order preeminent world, concepts more real, permanent, and universal than or
representative of the things

Plato 's Philosophy And Philosophy
Plato was an ancient Greek philosopher, pupil of Socrates, mentor of Aristotle and founder of the Academy, most famous for his philosophical works
that played a major role in laying the foundations of Western philosophy. Plato's work is a source of inestimable value since Socrates did not leave
any material record behind but some of his ideas were put down by his mentee, Plato. However, Plato added a handful of his own philosophy and it is a
difficult challenge for historians to ascertain who the original 'father' of these ideas was or to what extent they exchanged concepts and viewpoints.
The Republic, one of the first written works in political theory and the entire collection of human philosophy, possess special importance, as 2500
years after its creation it is still a remarkable piece of work in the field of political theory and philosophy. The circumstances of its origins are not
entirely clear; it might be exclusively Plato's own ideas or only a record of his master, Socrates' philosophy. The Republic is a highly influential
collection of ideas about – among others – justice, good and the just state described by Aristophanes in his play, The Birds as the Cloud Cuckoo Land .
Throughout the ten Books, the writer makes an attempt to find out to what extent and why is the just man happier than the unjust and also builds an
imaginary city state that is ruled and controlled by philosopher kings, the most qualified and competent leaders; describing the development of the

Philosophy For Laymen
In "Philosophy for Laymen," Bertrand Russell explains that we need to search for the knowledge of how to best handle the new technical skills we
have obtained. The problem is, how do we do so? He argues we do this through the use of philosophy, which means the "love of wisdom." He is
convinced that if we have some understanding of everything on earth that we can succeed in life. We will then be able to understand how to handle
those technical skills we have already mastered. Bertrand Russell backs up his theories by explaining the two different objects of philosophy. He states,
"On the one hand, it aimed at a theoretical understanding of the structure of the world; on the other hand, it tried to discover and inculcate the best
possible way

Grendel Philosophies
Philosophies are the ideas formed in one's mind, often about the world and the questions we have about it. As humans, we often pick one philosophy
and stick with it. How would a monster like the character Grendel in the novel by John Gardner react to these philosophies? Throughout the novel,
Grendel experiences and is conflicted with many different philosophies. Influenced by characters such as the Shaper, the Dragon, and the people of
Hrothgar, Grendel experiences many philosophies such as Nihilism, Solipsism, and Machiavellianism.
One of the major philosophies in the novel Grendel is Nihilism. Nihilism is the rejection of moral and religious principles, and the belief that life is
small and meaningless. In the first few pages of the novel, John Gardner states that "He cocks his head like an elderly, slow–witted king, considers his
angles, decides to ignore me. I stamp. I hammer the ground with my fists. I hurl a skull–size stone at him. He will not budge." (Gardner, 5). Here is a
snippet of Grendel's hatred towards life and even nature. Throughout the novel, Grendel proves to the reader that he doesn't really care about
anybody except for himself. In this quote, Grendel sees a ram and tries to make it leave, only to fail. The ram just stays where it is and ignores
Grendel, even when Grendel yells and throws a large rock at it. As John Gardner states, "I understood that the world was nothing: a mechanical chaos
of casual, brute enmity on which we stupidly impose our hopes

Teaching Philosophy : The Importance Of Philosophy In...
A friendship with wisdom, philosophy, is something that gets tossed around quite often in the education department. Myself and aspiring future
teachers often are asked a very simple worded question. What is your teaching philosophy? Now, I've been crafting that philosophy as it matures from
a seed to a blossoming cherry tree, but what really is the importance of philosophy? It must have great importance if its required for graduation, with
education majors receiving an extra dosage of philosophy in order to complete their education degrees, but why is that? I'll be honest that I've often
scorned at philosophy without having a solid reason, so having a chance to take the class could change my opinion about the subject. Indeed, my
opinion has changed as I look upon defending the school written law requiring students to take a philosophy class. What better way to start off
defending philosophy then taking a look at Socrates, one of the famous Greek philosophers. Socrates was quite a brilliant man during his time, even
though the Greeks sentenced him to death with a bit of hemlock, he began the idea of philosophy in the west. Now, Socrates namesake brings about
many theories and idea's, but there is one that I believe stands out among the rest. Socrates misology speech helps us understand the importance of
argumentation. Socrates explains that humans are both reliable and unreliable in the viewpoint they bring to an argument, which consist of both truths
and falsehoods. (Plato,

Philosophy Essay
Philosophy
Why I want to teach:
Children are far more likely to smile and laugh than grown ups. Their giggles and humor tend to be contagious and so I love to be around them. They
have a tremendous capacity to learn but still manage not to take things too seriously. I admire that and would like to spend my career helping them. My
education philosophy: Each of the major philosophical approaches to education has merit. However, to strictly employ only one philosophy is limiting
and hampers all possibility for improvement. Essentialism, progressivism, perennialism, and existentialism all contribute valid ideas to the teaching
profession. I will choose to use aspects of each in varying degrees as is appropriate to different ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition, a respect for authority may hamper a students ability to freely express opinions or pursue change in their educational institution.
Progressivism, like essentialism, reveals merit in its name. Progressivism holds that "education should be an enriching process of ongoing growth".
Teachers should demonstrate that learning is an ongoing process of enrichment and enlightenment. The idea of interdisciplinary study contributes to
this. For example, a student who excels at math may grow to appreciate chemistry for its mathematical component. Or, a cooperative learning
approach to a "real world problem" can allow students with various intelligences to experience success while contributing their respective talents to a
group. Progressivism also seeks to teach different points of view, and this is essential for students to appreciate other cultures. Furthermore, catering to
the different interests and experiences of students provides a broader, more enlightening learning experience for all. Finally, the emphasis placed on
problem solving and using previous experience and knowledge can benefit all students and may be applied to any subject.
Perennialism emphasizes a study of philosophy and a pursuit of knowledge simply for the sake of learning. I agree with the perennialist ideal that
students should be taught to think critically, analytically, and

Greek Philosophy Vs Jewish Philosophy
By definition, a philosopher is a lover of wisdom, who begins their endeavor with wonder. Socrates, regarded as the original philosopher in the
academic community, exemplifies this as he strives after the wisdom of the Gods. This idea, originally exemplified by Socrates, of wonder leading to
an individual's inquiry of wisdom, is reaffirmed by Plato and Aristotle, also regarded highly in the academic discipline of philosophy (Fackenheim 165).
It is simple to define philosophy as a general term and a way of learning about the world, however it is not as clear how to divide philosophy into the
so–called genres. This idea introduces many implications to the disciple of philosophy. For example, by creating a category of Jewish philosophy,
ideas are categorized by having specifically Jewish qualities. This creates a need to establish a boundary, where definiendum gains legitimacy in
prescribing certain characteristics to thinkers, texts, and ideas (Frank 5). Following this example, Jewish philosophers are not a separated, nor a
sub–category of philosophers. A philosopher is simply one who has a thorough and disciplined involvement in philosophy, such as Aristotle. Only after
a philosophy is established, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Philosophy and faith can be thought of as mirror images, that unite over a common idea, but come from different paths. Tension between faith and
reason derives from the differences between them, while dialogue arises from their common ground, since both activities give access to the truth,
bringing individuals who identify with that truth closer together. During this experience, the domains undergo a transformation during their encounter,
intertwining their functions (Vaught 321). This mutual antagonism gives way to mutual inclusion, where faith underlies philosophical thinking by
instilling a filter on the mind of individuals who believe in such a

Plato, Philosophy, And Philosophy
"Plato is philosophy, and philosophy, Plato."– Ralph Waldo Emerson. This was the first quote I read regarding Plato when I first picked up the Great
Dialogues of Plato, and turned it over to read the back cover. This quote struck me for some unknown reason and I instantly couldn't wait to begin
reading the dialogues of Plato and begin to understand why he is regarded as one of the great philosophers. The first piece I read, was The Apology,
spoken by the great philosopher Socrates and written down by his student Plato. The Apology was Socrates defense in the Athenian court against
accusations that were falsely brought upon Socrates. The charges brought against Socrates was that he was a corruptor of the youth and that he
believed in supernatural phenomena of his own invention rather than the gods of the state. At first, the dialogue was a smidge difficult for me to read,
but as I began getting more involved in the reading and understanding more how Socrates talks, it became much easier to understand the content
behind his words. Not once did Socrates beg and cry the jury for his life, but he rather defended his philosophy. While reading The Apology by
Socrates, I learned many things, the most notable being: it is important to know oneself, wisdom does not come from specialized knowledge, and that
one should focus on the pursuit of truth and of improving of one's soul. Perhaps the most important of messages I took away from Socrates The
Apology, is the notion of

Smartest Philosophies
Battle of the Philosophies is a game show that the whole family can enjoy. Tonight we will have two of the, as we know, smartest Philosophies
who are going to be battling out in order to be named "The Smartest and Wisest Philosophies." Tonight joining us will be Thomas Hobbes, a
believer in an absolute monarch and that people are naturally greedy, cruel, and selfish, and John Locke, a believer in people having a say in
government and that people are reasonable and moral. Tune in tonight to figure out who is "The Smartest and Wisest Philosophies." Ladies and
Gentleman, Rococo, a whole new style of art is in, and this show will be a weekly how–to teaching you to paint yourself. Follow the artist Jeane
Antoine Watteau, known for revitalizing

The Philosophy Of Confucianism: Philosophy And Religion
Confucianism; Philosophy and Religion Confucianism, also known as Ruism, is described as a tradition, a philosophy, a religion, a humanistic or
rationalistic religion, a way of governing, or simply a way of life. It was founded by Kung Futzhu or "Great Master Kung" Zhou Dynasty then was
made the political ideology of the government during the Han Dynasty. Confucianism is viewed with particular emphasis on the importance of the
family and social harmony, rather than on worldly source of spiritual values as such that the core of Confucianism is humanistic. However, from the
beginning there was a strong view that Confucianism was mainly a pragmatic, social and ethical philosophy that promoted social harmony and good
morals and ethics. This more philosophical and social approach was critiqued by other religions.
This is an important point as it illustrates the essential difference between a moral philosophy, which places emphasis on social and humanistic goals,
and a traditional religion that is in the first instance transcendent and which views moral and humanistic goals as secondary to the transcendental
aspect. Traditionally, cultures and countries in the East Asian cultural sphere are strongly influenced by... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He also proposed no new gods, nor did he practice new ways of achieving salvation form daily life. The Analects only marginally concerns either the
sacred or the afterlife. Regardless of that, even humanism, although substantively not a religion, can function as a religion. If a primary reason for
people to be religious is to find a way to peacefully accept death, then Confucianism could be a functional alternative to religion by encouraging
scholars to transcend death through public service or by preserving the Confucian legacy. In such ways, people may live on through their contributions
to

Philosophy
Surname
Instructor
Course
Date
Survey of Mexican Philosophical Thought
The philosophy of the Mexicans is a production of philosophers from ancestries from Mexico, residing either within or outside the country. The general
philosophy surfaced with the introduction of the first school by the Spanish conquerors, with teaching and publications on philosophical treaties. As
such, it is critical to deny that these thinkers got education from the European schools, making it quite impossible for Hispanic thinkers to express the
sense of racism in their works. In addition, Hispanic–American thought intellectuals rarely produce original profiles because there elements originate
from the elements and motifs originally designed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ideology
Credited as one of the first ideas of civilization, including their precisely designed lunar calendar, the Maya considered the world as an ordered home.
Maya believed the cosmos to be in cycles, which humans are part of, with the rest of the cosmos continuing with its functioning. The ideology of order
was the foundation of the Maya world, stemming from movements of the sun, planets, moon, as well as stars, marking time passage. Even when
catastrophes occurred, they held on to their belief that the earth functioned in a logical order. In the astronomical studies, the Mayans could not only
give explanations to occurring events, but could also explain the restoration of the order alongside the premonition of change.
Ritual
The Mayan sincerity was evident not only in the belief of all their gods, but also the various rituals they perform. Such rituals ensured that the Mayans
continue to hold together through their religion, which penetrates every part of the Mayan life; and has not shown any signs of rupture. The lunar

calendars they designed were a wonder and a miracle of their time philosophy, which considered various aspects of human experiences. These ranged
from the biology of human, agricultural cycles, as well as the star and planetary movements. What is more, they endeavored to seek harmony and
balance by combining the space with time and the cosmos respectively.

Philosophy And Its Importance Of Philosophy
Philosophy and Its Importance Doing philosophy as many philosophers demonstrate over time and in the present is to simply question the
understanding of what is known and not known or accepted and unaccepted. This is to say, that philosophers must question all aspects of life and all
the surrounding dimensions of the world. In doing so, the philosopher is trying to grasp a firmer or different understanding of the truth that is either
presently or not presently known; whether comforting or not comforting. One of the world's most famous and original philosophers Socrates, had a
student named Plato who explains this very concept of philosophy in the "Allegory of the Cave" when describing what it would be like for the newly
free prisoner to realize the actual true reality in which the prisoner lives in. "[The prisoner would] be pained and dazzled and unable to see whose
shadows [the prisoner had] seen before", but the prisoner would now see reality more clearly than previously seen before. (Plato) Though the
prisoner's revelation seems to be uncomforting, Plato follows this newly sorrowful seen reality by asserting that the prisoner's next steps in
continuing would be to "see the sun, not images of it in water or some alien place, but the sun itself, in its own place, and be able to study it." (Plato)
The prisoner could now expand on this new realization of reality and allow this new view to further carry the prisoner to future and further
understandings of reality and its

Kant's Philosophy
Kant opens with discussion of how philosophy contains three sciences; logic, ethics, and physics. Throughout the entire section of reading, I found
myself to be struggling quite a lot (which is not such a surprise since we were told in advance that Kant can be very difficult to comprehend). I found
myself slightly understanding aspects only to be thrown off just a little later and somehow end up lost by the end. However, there was a part that I
found to be very interesting (that I could actually understand)! This was when he discusses specialization; how one person cannot do everything, but
rather each person specializes in one aspect of the whole and works to make that part perfect. My question then is if this could be related to the

Throughout the course, the various readings regarding the philosophy discipline have surely affected my own belief system. Preceding the course, I
had not considered many of the issued discussed. Some details, like Bentham's theory, provided me with a completely new outlook. Others such as
views of God and eternal life affirmed conclusions I had already made. Of the philosophical belief systems regarding decision making, I found my
ideals to align very closely to that of Jeremy Bentham's. I find myself to thrive in a mathematical environment, and Bentham attempts to turn philosophy
into such an environment. In Bentham's theory, moral dilemmas can be seen as a variation of arithmetic exercises. Units of pleasure are
demonstrated as addition operations, while pain is seen through subtraction methods. Bentham was forward in displaying his opinion that the quantity
of pleasure was held to higher importance in his determinations. Personally, I disagree with this aspect of his theory. In some situations, limiting
pain is also a necessary aspect in decision making. This theory of decision making is a very valuable skill, many will find themselves utilizing
throughout their lives. For example, suppose you are considering two different pharmacist positions. In the first position, you will earn a larger salary
and have many benefits, however you will be expected to relocate away from friends and family. In the second position, salary and benefits are lower,
but you can stay in my

Immanuel Kant 's Philosophy On Philosophy
People were lost. They did not know where and what to follow. Therefore, many philosophers came up with ideas to convince people to live
ВЁbetterВЁ. Rationalism related with the overview of mathematical approaches into philosophy during the period by the major rationalist figures such
as Descartes, Leibniz and Spinoza developed peopleВґs way of thinking in many different ways. Rationalism is perspective which engages the rational
and deductive reason, an opposite structure from personal experience or teachings as the foundation of knowledge or rationalization. Therefore, the
concept of rationalism relies on the knowledge that everyday life has a rational configuration in that all aspects of it can remain through facts and
knowledge. Proverbs ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Kant refused the arguments from the empiricists, and kept his statement of reason itself is organized with practices of gained experience and
classifications that provides a phenomenal and rational configuration to any possible item of empirical experience. Kant's famous statement of this duty
says, "Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law."
Lastly, the perception of Romanticism appeared in encounter with the Enlightenment within the society. The concept was too vague. Philosophers
indicated human nature as constant being. The concept of Romanticism had also confronted the culture of church because it disagreed with the thought
of human intention and the enlightenment. The philosophers of Romanticism argued and stopped certain church movement due to their various types
of emotions and inspiration. Romanticism influenced the society in many religious ways. It mainly served for Roman Catholicism through its exterior
characteristic. Romanticism also emphasized individualism. When God told the world to serve one another, Romanticism tried to solve the problem
alone.
God has allowed freedom of will to all human, yet He specifically stated to live to glorify His name. John 14:13–14 says, and I will do whatever you
ask in my name, so that the Father may be glorified in the Son. 14 You may ask me for anything in my name, and I

Plato 's Philosophy And Philosophy
Plato, a Greek philosopher, was born around 423 to 428 BC, and died around 347 or 348 BC, at the age of eighty. He was a great philosopher, taught
by Socrates. His dialogues have been used to teach many subjects, consisting of logic, ethics, rhetoric, religion, and mathematics, as well as philosophy.
Plato was born between 429 and 423 BC, in either Athens or Aegina. At some point during his childhood, his father died, but the date is unknown. He
was named Aristocles after his grandfather, but his wrestling coach named him Platon, meaning "broad," because of his robust figure. As a child, his
father, Ariston, wanted him to have a good education, so it is likely he was taught in grammar, music, gymnastics andphilosophy by some of the most
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Plato has possibly traveled in Italy, Sicily, Egypt, and Cyrene, Libya. Upon his return to Athens at the age of forty, he founded one of the earliest
known organized schools in Academus. The Academy operated until Lucius Cornelius Sulla ordered its destruction in 84 BC. It was revived in the
early 5th century by Neoplatonists, and operated until AD 529. Of the many intellectuals trained in the Academy, Aristotle was the most
distinguished. Plato became intertwined with politics in the city of Syracuse all through his later life. The time of which Dionysius was ruling over
Syracuse was when he visited. During this time, he almost died, but was instead sold into slavery, until finally, his freedom was bought by Anniceris.
Plato was requested by Dion to return to Syracuse after Dionysius' death to train Dionysius II to become a philosopher king. Dionysius II later
became suspicious of his uncle, Dion, and banished him from Syracuse while keeping Plato against his will. Plato eventually left Syracuse, and
Dionysius II was later overthrown by Dion. In many of Plato's dialogues, Socrates communicates that knowledge is an event of recollection, not
learning, observation, or study. Socrates has also argued that knowledge comes from divine insight, and is not empirical. Plato recommends a faith in
the immortality of the soul in dialogues, including the Phaedo, Republic, and Phaedrus. Several of his dialogues are concluded with long

The Reflection Of Philosophy: The Philosophy Of Education
The word philosophy is of a Greek in origin, it stems from the word phГlosophГa, meaning 'the love of wisdom.' In the simplest form philosophy is the
study of knowledge. The phrase 'philosophy of education' on the other hand, according to Chandra and Sharma (2004) is a synthesis of educational
facts with educational values. He maintains, it is a philosophical process of solving educational problems through philosophical method, from
philosophical attitude to arrive at philosophical conclusion and results.
The current education system has been shaped through the influence of both traditional philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle as well as
contemporary philosophers inclusive of Freire and Dewey. It is our duty as educators to be able to recognize and adapt the ways of particular
philosophies to guide the teaching and learning process. I believe in the power of education and importance of this commodity in producing a more
productive and developed society. The purpose of education goes beyond the teaching subjects; it also encapsulates the teaching... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
We are certainly living in a society that is constantly changing, where as technology is increasing. Provided that, students must be equipped with the
necessary knowledge to cope and contribute to the changing society. In executing this factor, the changes will take into account the curriculum present
in the education system, how teachers teach, the teaching methods and instruments used in teaching and the means of assessment. The change is
already here, in time past there was no online based learning but students had to travel to school for face to face sessions. The society has evolved
into an advanced technological realm whereas learning takes place online more than in an enclosed classroom space. Change is inevitable, and
therefore our students need to be prepared or they will be at

Philosophy Of Indifference
a) " What are its courses and inescapable consequences? Is it philosophy? Is there a philosophy of indifference conceivable? Can one possibly view
indifference as a virtue? Is it necessary at times to practice to simply keep one's sanity, live normally and enjoy a fine meal and a glass of wine as the
world around us experiences harrowing upheavals?" (444). b) "Indifference can be tempting– more than that, seductive..." (444) " Indifference reduces
the other to an abstraction" (444). c) " Indifference is not a response" (444). d)" Indifference is not a beginning, it is an end" (445). e)
"Indifference, then, is not only a sin, it is a punishment" (445). "Indifference is not a response" (444). By saying that indifference is not a response,
he is saying that by having a lack of concern, you are not emitting a response to those who cry in their help of need. As Wiesel says in his speech "
after all, it is... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As Wiesel says " It is much easier to look away from the victims" (444). This is true, because no one wants to tangle their life with those of victims
and ruin everything that they have worked so hard to earn. However, Wiesel goes onto further explain, " for the person who is indifferent, his or
her neighbors are of no consequence... And, therefore, their lives are meaningless" (444). It goes onto say that even if it was someone they knew
and were somewhat friends with, a person who is indifferent still would not care .To them they do not want to risk everything they have for a person
or issue that does not impact their life personally. This is what restricts the other person from attaining freedom, because if everyone had the same
view as a person who was indifferent, then the victims will never see liberty. Being indifferent is tempting, because you are safe from harm, but
however it blocks a person who is suffering greatly to ever be

Philosophy
Metaphysics
Do you know what is real and what is not real? I think depending on the person and what their beliefs are. There are people who are capable of
contacting the unloving. This does not mean just because one person believes everyone else has too. I am a spiritual person and I believe that the
people that have passed on in our lives try to contact me. I know there is a God, but that doesn't mean everyone else does. I am thinking do we
really know? I am in the process of reading a book titled Angel Therapy by Doreen Virtue. I am at the starting point in reading the book and I am
finding this book has really interesting points. "Is this life real or are we dreaming? I wondered if what we're doing is ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Ethics is associated with the conception of morality.
The experience that I encountered with ethics is in my last job. I was elected to be component of a team for a project. A coworker had issues with
me because I knew that his work was not satisfactory and he asked other coworkers to do his job. The ethical thing that I could have possible done was
to report his actions. Ethical morals are important and if the person cannot complete his assignment individually it's an ethical violation. If someone
was in a higher position, then that person should know his responsibility in that position and not ask another coworker to complete the tasks that were
assigned to him. Political Philosophy
Political philosophy is a major study area of philosophy. Searching for problems and solutions is political philosophy; the burdens that are
problems for societies at that time are researched so that a solution can be addressed properly. One major area of study under the broad umbrella of
philosophy is political philosophy. Political philosophy is always searching for a solution to the problems that burden societies of that time. From the
Ancient Greeks to the modern day Americans, there are questions that need to be asked and answered as to why laws, and the people who create
/enforce them, are a part of society. As well as ways to better the society so that the needs and wants of every individual within it are satisfied.
Aesthetics
For instance beauty, when I look at

History of Philosophy
Throughout the semester our class has explored a chronological look at just some of the philosophers whose works have been published over time.
Throughout the readings reoccurring themes, such as religion, wisdom, knowledge, reality and life occur and each philosopher offering their own
opinions. Given these works, a timeline of viewpoints can be developed and can give a decent view of the shape of philosophy over time, as well as
offering insight to how the time period and location may have shaped the views of philosophers. One of the most surprising themes many of the
philosophers had in common was religion. Each viewed it in their own unique way. Starting with Aristotle who was born in 384 B.C. and developed
his views in Greece ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is with these thoughts that Aristotle opens the door to wisdom in specific subjects rather than be omniscient wisdom.
Hume, a Scottish 18th century philosopher, offers yet another view on knowledge and how we treat that which we already have. His work aptly
titled Of Miracles, discusses the fact that we reject anything we find absurd even if we have knowledge of it being true. He maintains that the
closest thing we have to accepting these absurd truths is miracles. Hume's assessment of miracles adds another facet to the topic of knowledge and
how we treat strange and wondrous things. He chooses to address how readily we accept false knowledge simply by believing things told to us by
prophets. Since they have been deemed all knowing, we take things at face value. In a way, instead of telling us how to seek knowledge and wisdom,
he reprimands the human population for not seeking and questioning that which we've been told.
This brings around the questioning of life and what is real that has been conducted by philosophers throughout the readings. The first in the timeline is
Descartes who tends to question reality excessively. He questions everything from his existence to the existence of everything around him to whether he
is dreaming or awake. As the first to truly address this topic he presents a broad view point about reality that is to 'question everything'. Descartes does
concede that certain

Ancient Philosophy
Plato's early dialogues are referred to as the Socratic dialogues. During these dialogues
there is nothing to suggest that the search for virtue and the human good goes beyond
the natural realm. In the early dialogues the good and proper things are found through
questioning. This however, changes in Plato's middle dialogues. In his middle dialogues
Plato leads us to the theory of knowledge. A shift toward the metaphysical guided by
the first recognition of the Forms, that is, the true nature of all things. He claims Morals
must be based on an appropriate political structure that can be upheld by leaders with
strict scientific training. The theory of the Forms is not restricted to human principles; it
however ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mankind has been duped. What they see and interact with is simply an outlined reflection
of reality. Philosophers are the ones who have freed themselves from their shackles. Not
only have they acknowledged the existence of the puppeteers, but they have ventured out
into the real world and gleamed insight which they wish to share with humanity.
Plato wants the reader to understand that the real or the perfected state does not

exist in this world; however we access the immaterial though our own intangible souls.
For Plato the true form of everything is perfect and therefore intangible and outside of
time, so too is the immaterial human soul. In this same vein Philosophy, which to Plato is
the study of the intangible, builds ones knowledge of the perfected state. Plato believes
that in accessing the perfected forms through the immortal soul we build up knowledge
that we will retain in our transcended immortal state; when we exist together with the
forms.
Question 3
Aristotle believed that all things dealt in Telos; Teleology being the study of ends and
purposes. This is the principal building block of Aristotle's greatest work, Nicomachean
Ethics. The highest end a man can attain is happiness. To Aristotle "Happiness is an
Ancient Philosophy Final Exam
activity of the soul in accordance with virtue". A complete soul to Aristotle is comprised
of three parts each

Rene Descartes 's Philosophy And The Science Of Philosophy
Rene Descartes was a rationalist who is considered the father of modern philosophy, primarily because his ideas departed from current
understanding in the early 17th century, which was more feeling based (Biography.com). He was born on March 31, 1956, in France and was a
very educated man. His mother sent him to a boarding school which was considered college at an early age of 8. Additionally, by the age of 22 he
had obtained his degree as a lawyer. To further this, he believed that all truths were linked and his goal was to uncover the meaning of the natural
world with a national approach (Biography.com). Descartes effectively discovered consciousness, leading the ground work for both modern philosophy
and the science of philosophy (Biography.com). While there may have been questions as to certainty one thing that was certain was Descartes
believed his own consciousness indeed existed. Even while asleep and dreaming he did exist. We have learned of the famous quote, "I think therefore I
am," showing he saw consciousness as an endowment bestowed upon humans, while the human body and remaining universe was governed or ruled by
mechanical laws. It is safe to say that Descartes brought a lot to the table including a withering skepticism to bear on the empiricists.
John Locke was born in 1632 in England and went to the University of Oxford according to Biography.com. At the University of Oxford, Locke
studied medicine which was an integral part of his life. Thus, this led to

Kant 's Philosophy On Moral Philosophy
Immanuel Kant presented his most notable positions on moral philosophy in his book The Groundwork of Metaphysics of Morals. Georg Wilhelm
Friedrich Hegel subsequently presented a number of objections to Kant's positions, mainly in his book The Phenomenology of Spirit. Hegel presents
objections to Kant in two different ways, implicitly and explicitly. Hegel gives arguments against Kant's moral theory as well as the general
philosophical thought that produces the moral theory that Kant presents. But in order to understand Hegel's critique of Kant, we must first understand
the content of Kant's moral philosophy and its formulation.
Kant's Moral Philosophy
The crux of Kant's moral philosophy comes from the idea that morality is derived from rationality– rational thought leads us to an objective morality.
Kant is looking to pure reason as a guide to find universally binding moral laws. If this is true, and reason can determine whether a maxim can become
a universal law of moral behavior without appeal to experience, then this would have profound implications for moral philosophy. Kant will argue for
this through the categorical imperative.
In the Groundwork, Kant will propose the existence of the categorical imperative of morality. A categorical imperative is a moral principle that must be
followed unconditionally. This is the criterion to which maxims should conform. Maxim, as defined by Kant, is "the subjective principle of willing."
[4:401] Additionally, the categorical

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