Unit 2 - 2º ESO, Santillana book used in class

1. Feudal Society
Unit 2 - 2º ESO

2. 1- What were the second invasions?
-Europe, 850-1100 - weak -> New
invasions:
1. Vikings - from Scandinavia -> Great
Britain, north of France and south of
Italy.
2. Magyars - from the Asian steppes ->
Eastern Europe.
3. Saracens - muslim pirates from Africa
-> attacked the Mediterranean coasts
of Europe.

4. Vikings

5. Magyars
They came from the steppes of Asia and conquered the
territories in Eastern Europe.
They created the Kingdom
of Hungary.

6. Saracens
They were muslim pirates, they did not establish in any territory, they just
attacked to obtain valuable items.

7. Homework
Exercises 1 and 2 on page 19.
Exercise 2 individually, write a small
paragraph about the vikings including their
way of life, beliefs and economy.
You can use this web:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/primaryhistory/vi
kings/

8. 2- What was feudalism?
ORIGIN
After the Carolingian Empire, Europe
was very divided in small kingdoms
which were weak.
Kings were weak, they hadn’t army, so
they couldn’t defend people.
Peasants had to depend on nobles
power for their protection. In exchange,
they worked for the nobles.

9. New social system

11. Homework
Exercise 2 on page 20.

12. The powers of the king and his court
Kings were not really powerful
under feudalism. They had limited
powers.
They depend on their alliances
with the noblemen.
The court was formed by a group
of lawyers, clergy and soldiers,
who helped the king to govern.

13. Exercises
Exercises 1 and 2 on page 21.

14. 3- What was a fief?
In Medieval times land was broken up into fiefs. But
a fief was more than just a piece of land.
A fief had to include at least one village with huts for
the serfs, a manor house or castle for the noble, and
land to grow or catch food.
A fief was not ownership. A fief was a loan from the
king and the king could take it back.
Sometimes fiefs were given as reward for bravery in
battle. To get a fief you had to promise the king
several things. First, you would give your loyalty to
the king; second, you would fight or send men to
fight if the king needed them; third, you would provide
money to ransom the king if he was captured; finally,
you would take care of the serfs working the land.

16. 4- How was medieval society organised?

17. Homework
Exercises 1 and 2 on page 23.

18. 5- Who were the nobles?
There were rich and poor nobles.
Their main activity was fighting. They started military training from childhood. They had to
pass through different stages to become a knight (page, squire, and knight).
They trained at tournaments.

19. Noblewomen
Their function was to marry and have children. They also organised the servants.
Marriages were arranged by parents. If they did not marry they went into convents.
They had to obey their husbands and rarely left the castle.

20. Exercises 1 to 3 on page 24.

21. 6- Who were the clergy?
The Catholic Church was very important in Medieval times in Western
Europe.
The head was the Pope. He ruled the Papal State with Rome as its
capital. The Pope was powerful because he could excommunicate a King.
Below the Pope:
-Secular clergy: Bishops
-Regular clergy: religious orders

23. Religious orders
The rule was the document in which the order member duties were contained.
Some orders were closed (they cannot go out of the monastery).
Each order has its own habit.
Some orders required their members to beg.
Others imposed absolute poverty.

24. Life in monasteries
They spent most of their time in prayer and meditation.
They worked to obtain food, and also helped poor and sick people.
Some monks worked copying manuscripts decorated with miniatures.

25. Homework
Exercises 1 and 2 on page 25.

26. 7- How did peasants live?
There were different classes:
-Serfs: subjected to the Lord. Not free. Work but not paid. Hereditary.
-Freemen: paid taxes, rent land but keep part of the
harvest. Free to make their own decisions.

27. Everyday life
Peasants usually lived in small villages. They had small huts for them and their
animals (in case they had).
The father was the head of the family.
Peasants were self-sufficient.
They did not live well (poor food, illnesses, natural disasters…).

28. The peasant’s work
The whole family worked all day.
They had very basic tools and no fertilisers.
They had to use the fallow system (2 year rotation).
The main production was cereal, but also fruits and vegetables, and some families
had animals (the richer).

29. Homework
Exercises 1 and 3 on page 27.

30. Revision activities
On page 28-29, exercises 1, and 3 in your notebooks.
Extra work to turn in through Edmodo: exercise 2.