Grow Spinach Indoors Lab Report

Grow Spinach Indoors Lab Report
How to grow spinach indoors
Title: Growing Spinach Indoors in Containers
Meta description: Spinach grows easily indoors in containers, provided it has a reasonable amount
of light and is planted in good soil. Click here to find out the details.
Spinach is a cool weather crop which does well growing indoors in containers. However, most
varieties of spinach need the cool temperatures of spring and fall, or they bolt and develop a bitter
taste. When you grow spinach indoors, keep the containers in an area with mild temperatures, and
you will be harvesting tasty and nutritious leafy greens in as little as 40 days.
––Selecting an Indoor Site for Growing Spinach
Spinach likes cool temperatures in the range of 50º–80ºF (10º to 27ºC), and this is true even if you
are growing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Choose an indoor growing site for spinach with at least six hours of sun, or, put the plants under a
grow lamp for six or more hours a day.
––Selecting a Container for Growing Spinach Indoors
Full–grown spinach plants are not very large, and you can grow one or two plants successfully in 1
gallon (3.8 liter) pots, or you can use a larger container and grow more plants together.
If you are growing your spinach to full–size, give each plant a minimum of 6 square inches (15
square cm) of space in the container. If you prefer baby spinach, you can plant the seeds or [link
u=spinach–seedlings]seedling[/link] at 2 to 3 inches (5 to 7.6cm) apart.
Fill the container with a good–quality potting mix or garden soil mixed with compost or
decomposed manure, because spinach requires a nutrient rich soil. Be sure your container has
drainage holes in the bottom, and place the container on a water–catchment tray.
––Caring for Spinach Indoors
[link u=growing–spinach]Growing spinach[/link] indoors requires much the same care as growing it
outdoors, except indoors, spinach plants have more protection against pests like slugs and
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Carolus Linnaeus's Influence On The Field Of Biology
The famous, Swedish science historian Sten Lindroth once said that "God creates, Linnaeus orders",
which is a perfect example of how ground–breaking and respected Carolus Linnaeus' works, ideas,
publishings and findings were at the time (Lindroth). Carolus Linnaeus, a.k.a. the father of
taxonomy, was a Swedish botanist who was the first to person to successfully set the "frame" for
characterising and naming organisms. Carolus Linnaeus impacted the field of biology in a positive
way through his classification of organisms sexually, publishing many important biological works,
papers, and books, and the creation of binomial nomenclature.
In the 18th century, Swedish Botanist Carolus Linnaeus arranged plants into orders of groups
according to the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The specific epithet names, also known as "trivial" names, were usually Latin adjectives that were
linked to diagnoses, description, information, and references ("Carolus Linnaeus"). One of the main
advantages of his system was that these names were linked to diagnoses, description, information,
and references, and allowed many similarities to be found between similar organisms. Another
reason his work was considered such a "landmark" work was that it was the first ever accurate
nomenclatural system and due to its descriptiveness, accuracy and shortness compared to earlier
systems it won widespread praise and acceptance (Mertz pg 169). This system would eventually be
known as Binomial Nomenclature and would official cement Carolus Linnaeus as one of the
"Greatest Botanist Ever" because it allowed scientists to identify plants and organisms more
accurately ("Carolus Linnaeus"). It also allowed for greater advancement in biological naming and
knowledge and allowed for thousands of new and unidentified organisms to be named accurately
and related to similar organisms ("Carolus Linnaeus"). His creation of binomial nomenclature had a
positive effect on the field of biology because it allowed for organisms to be grouped, and given a
two–part name, which was much shorter than previous ones. Also, even though this system was
shorter, it was still very descriptive, accurate and allowed for a greater advancement in the
biological naming and knowledge of

I Have Always Loved Science Since A Young Age
I have always loved science since a young age. During high school, I began experimenting with all
the different science classes, that the school had to offer. Out of all of those classes I found the one
that brought an incredible amount of fascination. That class was Botany where I had studied plants
and learned their functions. I learned about how they grow from a seed to how they reproduce. Even
with that class, I have always found that plants bring a certain amount of curiosity. I had dreamt
many ways to the perfect yard with all sorts of plant species. The yard would be overflowing with
plants. Also, the house would have so many plants inside that it would be a jungle. The courses
required for botany are very heavy with science. I know that I will be taking fifteen different science
classes. I looked forward to the challenges that each class will bring. During the time in my
freshman year, I would like to know what reading and writing, I will need for botany also known as
plant science.
I looked in greater detail into Botany, I came to very interesting details about what my major will
include. I gathered all sorts of facts from different sources about Botany. Plant science is a hand on
very skilled profession. It requires a lot of experience and skills to work in the basic field of it.
Botany is very broad science of plants. Different scientist studies certain parts of plants and their
functions. Including their physiology, structure, genetics, ecology, distribution,

Jmorris
Jillian Morris
Mrs. Flowers
Criminalistics CH300–01
April 17, 2015
Journey through Forensic botany of the Casey Anthony trial
Forensic science is a vital tool in the search for the truth in any legal proceeding. "Regardless of the
type of legal proceeding or which side uses scientific evidence, the forensic scientist must be able to
write a report and testify under oath about, what facts or items of evidence were analyzed or tested;
what tests or analyses were used; how valid or reliable those tests or analyses have been found to be
by other courts; why and how the forensic scientist was qualified to conduct those tests or analyses;
and, what the results of the tests or analyses were and how those results are relevant to the ... Show
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Ashton had some information about the example of leaf litter, representing that a portion of the
leaves in the photographs were off the trees for more than two weeks taking into account their
changing levels of rot. Ashton likewise uncovered that the 2–year–old's hip bone was covered in 4
inches of waste when her remaining parts were observed, which Bock reacted could have been
because of an animal covering the bone. The state noticed that in Bock's past testimony, she
expressed that she couldn't say when Caylee's remaining parts were put in the forested areas. "Bock
conceded that the remaining parts could have been in the forested areas for over two weeks and that
she had constrained experience in studying on roots developing into bones".(Battaglia 2012) She
also explained that the plant evidence found in Anthony's car did not appear to have come from the
scene where the remains were found. Forensic botany is a relatively new discipline being used.
During the murder trial of Casey Anthony, forensic botany was used to determine how long Caylee's
remains were in the forested area. This case was exceptionally interesting, even after the lies that
Casey told, even after reporting her daughter missing a month after; she was acquitted and could
never be tried again for

Bartram's Garden: American Philosophical Society
Bartram's Garden, located at 54th Street and Lindbergh Boulevard in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
stands upon the home of the late John Bartram, America's first botanist. Adding to Bartram's efforts
are co–founding the American Philosophical Society, and retains presence in the United States'
scientific community. Bartram's Garden is a 45–acre botanical site located in Southwest,
Philadelphia. Features include historically–preserved buildings, wildflower meadow, freshwater
wetland, and a river trail, in addition to the garden itself. Bartram's field goal was to document every
native plant life in America. While Bartram passed away in 1777, the property was cared for by his
heirs, and later, purchased by the City of Philadelphia in 1891; the John ... Show more content on
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Some of the key species highlighted on Bartram's Garden's website are the Franklinia alatamaha,
Ginko biloba, Cladrastis kentukia "Yellowwood", and the Quercus x heterophylla "Bartram Oak".
Despite being in a Pennsylvania environment, Bartram's Garden has wildlife habitats, tidal
wetlands, and a large meadow. When choosing what to plant in any environment, it is not only
important to choose species that will thrive in the environmental conditions of that area, but also
those that are not invasive to the current environment. In class, we touched on the harm of invasive
species on certain environments, and I would imagine that Bartram, being the conscious botanist
that he was, would keep in mind the integrity of the health of the plants in not only his space, but
those to which he sold his seeds. However, another important part of this is recognizing that certain
species are at risk for not thriving or carrying on, and by proper cultivation techniques, the Bartrams
were able to save the Franklinia from extinction. While being able to keep these species alive,
proper research will give way to new beautiful species, such as the Bartram Oak which is a
naturally–occuring hybrid. Bartram was able to take species, like the Ginko biloba (which was sent
to the United States from London in 1785), and give it a life in other parts of the world. If not
invasive, and if implemented with the proper research and thought, the introduction of new species
will not only create other species, but can beautify areas that may not be able to experience these
species because they are not

Descriptive Essay On Bohttac Garden
A long, cement paved path led me to a green well painted gate, which separated the tranquility of
the Botanic Gardens, which lay on the east side of the rowdy University of California Riverside
Campus. On a mission to learn more about the Gardens and all it has to offer, I scheduled to meet up
with Pam Ferre, an Administrative Assistant, who knew a significant amount of information about
the Gardens. We agreed to meet up at Schneider House, but as I walked through I lost myself in the
beauty that nature here had to offer causing me to lose track of the asphalt road that should have
directed me to our meet up destination. The UCR Botanic Gardens is composed of 40 acres, of
which thriving plant and animal species call their home. Knowing how enormous the Gardens are, I
cell phoned Pam instead of struggling to find my way through the several footpaths. Finally, we
gathered at the turtle pond where Pam approached me with a smile, dressed in a flowing white
blouse, round black sunglasses, and stylish hiking sandals, an outfit fit for the 100 degree weather.
Underneath the canopy of the Sequoia Sempervirens, trees which towered several feet high, we sat
on a stone bench. From our point we overlooked a pond in which three medium sized turtles rested
on a small log which had fallen from a tree near by. As the birds chirped soothing tunes above us
and lizards zigzagged across the dirt path Pam began to tell me about UCR's Botanic Gardens.
"Well, my first question is for you Pam.

The Botany Of Desire Chapter Summaries
The Botany of Desire by Michael Pollan is an interesting perspective of how humans over the
centuries have filled certain desires through the use of plants. The apple represents the desire for
sweetness, the tulip for beauty, marijuana for intoxication, and the potato for control. Pollan
discusses the point and importance of these four plants and their development throughout history.
Chapter 1: Desire: Sweetness/ Plant: The Apple
This chapter goes into depth talking about the spread of the apple in the United States, and all over
the world. It discusses the original uses for the apple and how it came to be the sweet fruit that we
enjoy today. It explains how Johnny Appleseed really existed, and was named John Chapman.
The apple as we see it today was not always like it is now, it used to be different than every other
apple. In other words, if you planted a seed from an apple that you like, the apple that will grow on
the new tree will not resemble the old apple at all. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the old days the apple was generally somewhat bitter tasting, so it was used to make alcoholic
cider, which in turn got a lot sweeter and fulfilled this "sweetness" we crave.
The apple tree has grown and changed to contain cyanide in the seeds so that the seeds won't be
consumed. This preserves the apple lineage, so that it does not go extinct.
The apple tree works with humans, because we create a need for the apples, therefore the trees will
grow and adapt to fit our needs, for example bigger and sweeter apples will be produced generations
down the

Botany Of Desire Summary
Botany of Desire Summary The botany of desire, written by Michael Pollan, discusses botany into
four particular sections: sweetness, beauty, intoxication, and control. The first section is about the
sweetness of an apple and he tells us the journey of the apple. Pollan talks about an apple grower
named John Chapman and how he grew his apples by planting apple seeds. Due to this, his apples
tasted different because apples grown from an apple seed were very different than an ordinary apple.
The change of taste of the apple had other apple growers thinking and found other ways to produce
different tasting apples. Later, apples started to get many pesticides that affected the apples. In the
video he also shares that many people are trying to

The And Sustainability Of The Pioneer River Catchment
1.0 Introduction
Catchments are depended on by the average household person, but even more valuable to the
farmers that are supplying the food to our nation. Therefore, action must be taken to ensure that the
catchments in our areas are healthy and will be able to be depended on for years to come. The panel
at Healthy Water Ways program has developed a study to guarantee the management and
sustainability of The Pioneer River catchment, by sending a team out to analyze the health of the
water ways and decide on a proposal that best suits the area to ensure future healthiness of the basin.
1.1 Background
The Pioneer River is a 120km river which is located in Northern Queensland, Australia and flows
through the city of Mackay. This river ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Using the two proposals given; More signage around the catchment area detailing how important the
health of the river is and the cause of negative impact will incur a $1000 fine or the employment of
an officer to patrol the wetlands and clean up littler, rubbish control weeds and report back on the
health of the creeks. One will be chosen that best suits this catchment and an outline of details will
be provided.
1.3 Methodology
This report is based upon the collected data from scientific tests and different data collection
experiments, these diverse range of observations helped in determining the health of the river and
catchment as a whole. The experiments tested a range of variables, some including; the levels of
nitrates, phosphates, temperature of water, pH levels, turbidity of water and dissolved solids. The
collection of water and recordings of microorganisms was examined and also recorded. As well as
these scientific tests, simple recordings were also taken of the surrounding area and the amounts of
rubbish and infrastructure that could be seen. The tests conducted in the river system occurred on
the 24th of May 2016, to conduct the tests the trail along the river was walked, furthering the
knowledge of the health of the river and how the the catchment area as a whole was fairing.
However, some differences to the data could be assumed as when tested it was not always done by
the same person, this could have then limited the accuracy. Another

The Benefits Of Botatic Gardens
Botanical gardens or botanic gardens are generally well–tended parks displaying a wide range of
plants labelled with their botanical names. According to Smith (2011: para. 1line 2), they may
contain specialist plant collections such as cacti and succulent plants, herb gardens plants from
particular parts of the world. There may be green houses with special collections too such as tropical
plants, alpine plants or other exotic plants.
The Durban Botanic Gardens is the oldest public institution and its Africa oldest surviving botanical
gardens. "The garden was established to participate in the quest Kew Gardens to establish a series of
botanic gardens across the introduction of economically valuable plants and to supply plant to Kew
that were knew to science. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
6 line number 1) states that Dr Charles Johnson was I charge of the garden for less than a year.
"Then Mark McKen took his place and began to establish garden of plants of economic value. For
more than 45 years, botanic gardens have been at the forefront of the human understanding and
knowledge of plants the environment in which they lived". (Friedman et al. 2016:1)
Botanic gardens are uniquely placed to help address issues that are relevant to restore ecosystems.
According to Hill (2005: para. 1 line 1) theyprovide knowledge and expertise in plant taxonomy,
horticulture, conservation biology, restoration ecology and ethnology. Botanic gardens are also
collectively and they serve as a global repository for documented plant materials. Botanic gardens
bring understanding to ensure that the restoration leads to adequate taxonomic diversity and
incorporates appropriate genetic provenance.
Botanic gardens are well placed to raise awareness amongst the public of the need and benefits that
can be "derived from, successful ecological restoration projects. The gardens will also address the
need for greater political commitment, awareness and participation in restoration work". (Hill et al.
2005:

Liberty Hyde Biography
Introduction
"America's Father of Modern Horticulture," also known as Liberty Hyde Bailey, a jack of all trades
and a significantly influential botanist within the horticulture community, lives on in spirit even
today (Gasser 2014). His nickname says it all, from his dedication in studying cultivated plants, to
his many published volumes and papers about his findings, his research continues to make an
impact on horticulture. Bailey began building his background with cultivated plants as a young child
on a fruit orchard in South Haven, Michigan (Liberty Hyde Bailey Museum 2017). These early
years shaped his views and desires for later dates to come, specifically regarding his college
education and research that followed. Although, the vast majority of people did not find the topics
within horticulture interesting or something of importance to investigate, Bailey took the world by
surprise and found himself with a completely incongruous mindset.
Biography
Early Education
Liberty Hyde Jr. was born March 15, 1858 in the small town of South Haven, Michigan. His mother
Sarah Bailey, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He created a space for investigation of cultivated plants for not only himself, but other scientists and
botanists as well. He made such as extravagant impact in agricultural communities that still
continues today, through his knowledge that he learned and taught others along the way. One can
see how much an impact he made through his memorials that still exist today, including the Liberty
Hyde Bailey Conservatory and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium. Without Liberty, horticulture and
agriculture would not be the same as what they are today. It took someone with a passion and fire
for the study of cultivated plants like Liberty, to create such an enormous impact and inspire others
to continue in his footsteps and

I Have Always Love Science Since A Young Age
I have always love science since a young age. During high school I began experimenting with all the
different science classes that the school had to offer. Out of all of those classes I found the one that
brought incredible amount of fascination. That class was Botany where I had studied plants and
learned their functions. I learned about how they grow from a seed to how they reproduce. Even
with that class I have always found that plants bring a certain amount of curiosity. I had dreamt
many ways to the perfect yard with all sorts of plant species. The yard would be overflowing with
plants. Also the house would have so many plants inside that it would be a jungle. The courses
required for botany are very heavy with science. I know that I will be taking fifteen different science
classes. I looked forward to the challenges that each class will bring. During the time in my
freshman year I would like to know what reading and writing I will need for botany.
I looked in greater detail into Botany, I came to very interesting details about what my major will
include. I gathered all sorts of facts from different sources about Botany. Plant science is a hands on
very skilled profession. It requires a lot of experience and skills to work in the basic field of it.
Botany is very broad science of plants. Different scientist study certain parts of plants and their
functions. Including their physiology, structure, genetics, ecology, distribution, classification, and
economic

Reflection For Service Learning Reflection
Service Learning Reflection For my biology related service learning, I performed two tasks to help
out the community and still relate it to biology. For one of the tasks, I volunteered in Millbrae by
picking up trash around the city for three hours. We started in Central Park and we worked our way
all the way towards Mills High School. I did this activity with a fellow AP Biology student, Calla
Yang. We took buckets for trash and bags for recycling and picked up any trash we saw around the
city and made sure to separate according to trash and recycling. We uses the little alligator grabbing
tools in order to effectively pick up the trash in a short amount of time. The grabbers helped to reach
trash in bushes and in hard to reach spaces. My second biology related activity took place at a
carnivorous plant nursery in Half Moon Bay, I participated here for fifteen hours because the person
I participated with, Frances Claesson, had no hours so I stuck with her so she could get all of hers
and I could roll my extra hours over into the second semester. At the plant nursery, we planted all
types of different carnivorous plants, learned how each one functions, helped with maintenance
around the green house, and how to clean up the look of plants. We usually took small plants that
were either pitcher plants and sundews and transported them in four inch pots so they would be able
to grow into their full and natural size. We had to make sure the roots stayed intact and that that soil

Essay On Durban Botanic Gardens
INTRODUCTION The Durban Botanic Gardens plays a very vital and significant role in our city,
empowering social economics and horticulture in our great city. Sadly, with the growth of
technology the youth appear to have neglected the respect we once had in the past. This writing will
aim to inform the youth of the interesting experience that I had at the gardens with the hopes of
convincing them to participate and further understand the environment we live in. Thus making it it
easier to find remedy solutions for the sinking ship "earth" slowly sinking into land degradation and
global warming. HISTORY The Durban Botanic Gardens is one of the oldest surviving botanic
garden in Africa and is Durban's oldest public institutions. "The garden was established in 1849
back when the city was not well developed. The original location of the DGB was the south bank of
the Umgeni River and was later moved to the lower slopes of Berea forest because of the river's
hippo and crocodile populations" (eThekwini Municipality 2014:4). For over 150 years the gardens
have dedicated itself to education of biodiversity, heritage, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
On the intersection of pathways the system of traffic circle is used to prolong the walk focusing your
attention of the vast space around if not, the focal point is the centre of the circle where an artistic
sculpture will be on display. The principle of axis is also used in the shaded areas romantically
incorporated for the public to rest and take it all in. The gardens serves a multi–purpose function for
the public, with accommodating people getting married, function rooms and boardroom ideal for
business conference meetings. The Gardens do accommodate any type of person, no matter the age
or race, living up to its true status quo of being multicultural and

Boptany Importance Of Science
"Botany, the science of the vegetable kingdom, is one of the most attractive, most useful, and most
extensive departments of human knowledge. It is, above every other, the science of beauty," stated
Joseph Paxton, a gardener and member of the British Parliament in the nineteenth century (Paxton
1).Why is botany such a enjoyable profession? The many activities you can attend such as growing
and trimming are both easy ways to make money ,but take a lot of responsibility. As one prepares
for a future in the field of Biology, one must consider the historical background, the educational
requirements, the work environment, the duties and responsibilities, wages and benefits, and the
potential for advancement of Botany.
Botany began near the Neolithic Period but wasn't scientifically studied until the 1700's. During the
Neolithic Period they had the knowledge of farming and soon began growing their own crops. Fruits
and vegetables have been an important part of social development since the beginning of time. In
Ancient Greece and Rome philosophers urged more learning in sciences, they began learning more
about plants. The philosopher Theophrastus was known as "'The Father of Botany' because of two
seminal works that were used for the next 1500 years and survive today" (Mason). "For the next
1500 years, there would be little development and most botanical studies were limited to places of
learning such as universities and monasteries" (Mason). The history of Botany is very diverse

Therapeutic Horticulture Therapy
The Horticulture is considered the art and science of growing plants, and horticultural therapy is the
use of plants, horticultural activities and landscape to promote health and the well–being of the
people who practice the horticulture. There is a different activity for each person, it mostly depends
on what they need, what goals they are trying to achieve. This also improves social, educational,
psychological and physical adjustment of the people, helping their body mind and spirit. It is easy to
understand, Nature always gives a feeling of comfort, peace and relaxation. It is not difficult to
understand and do not need to be a scientist to know, all these elements together to satisfy, and
contribute to the society.
The therapeutic Horticulture ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While these gardens may represent the ideal, successful horticultural therapy programs do not
depend upon elaborate garden design. Likewise, a horticultural therapy program without a
professionally–designed therapeutic garden is difficult to work at full potential. (American
Horticultural Therapy Association, 2016 ).
The average salary of a(n) Horticultural Therapist in United States is $44,414 (Economic Research
Institute, 2016 ), The American Horticultural Therapy Association (www.ahta.org) offers the
Horticultural Therapist Registered designation, which is awarded to therapists who have earned at
least a four–year degree and completed 480 hours of field experience.
In conclusion, the horticultural therapists work along with nature, to bring peace and comfort to
people who practice horticulture, whether they enter by a rehabilitation program, or conversely as a
way to ward off stress. But this not only improves the quality of people under horticultural
programs, but also supports improving society, to change the landscape in a community. Changing
the environment that is around us can change the way we think and

Port Botany Essay
Overview – Port Botany, Australia
Ports are economically and strategically important to a country as they facilitate trade and promote
the local and national economy. Globally, ports handle above 90% of cargo and are an important
element in global logistics and supply chains (Song & Parola, 2015). In Australia, ports enhance the
country's competitiveness, regional developments, supply chain connectivity and provide jobs
(Ghaderi, Cahoon & Nguyen, 2016).
Sydney's first container terminal was built in 1969 in Port Jackson, and a second terminal at Glebe
Island was operable in 1973. Most of Eastern Australia's container traffic was handled by these two
facilities until Port Botany's facilities were developed (Robinson, 1985).
Port Botany is a deep–water seaport which is dominated by trade in containerised manufactured
products as well as bulk liquid imports which includes natural gas and petroleum (NSW Ports
Botany, 2013). It handles about one–third of Australia's maritime container traffic and is the nation's
second largest container port. In the year 2011–12, the proportion of containers transported by road
at the port was 86%, while the remaining 14% was transported by rail (Guimarans, Harabor & Van
Hentenryck, 2015).
Analysis of the day–to–day operation of the port
The first stage in the operation cycle of a port begins when ships, trucks or rails arrive, which is
followed by the inspection of containers and cargo. Generally, cranes are used to unload the
containers, after

John Malquist Research Paper
The Researcher, The Mentor, The Galvanizer
Sherwin John Carlquist is a botanist and a photographer who understood the basic principles of
wood anatomy and evolution through his research in Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden (Sherwin,
(a)). Sherwin's studies of dicotyledonous wood evolution has directed him to pursue understanding
the evolutionary patterns of islands (Edward & Roy, 1997). This was the turning point where
Sherwin's work finally been acknowledged after thirty long years, on 1991. He had a grand total of
24 principles governing long–distance dispersal and evolution on islands acknowledged by other
botanists (CA).
Early Days
Sherwin John Carlquist was born on July 7th, 1930 in Los Angeles, son of Robert William and
Helen (Bauer) Carlquist (prabook). At the age of 22, Sherwin received his undergraduate bachelor
degree at University of California, then decided to do a PHD on philosophy, and graduated at 1956.
While Sherwin was taking on his PHD, at the last year, 1955 – 1956, Sherwin was awarded a
postdoctoral study from Harvard University, there were only Three NSF fellowships during graduate
and postdoctoral years (Sherwin, (a)).
That same year, Sherwin started his teaching career as an associate ... Show more content on
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Sherwin has produced >300 scientific articles, the more common being related to wood anatomy, as
well as >10 books, 4 of them dealing with islands: Island Life (1965), Hawaii: A Natural History
(1970), Island Biology (1974) and Tarweeds and Silverswords: Evolution of the Madiinae
(Asteraceae) (2003). In island biology (1974), Sherwin demonstrated his encyclopedic knowledge
about evolutionary trends and phenomena taking place in both flora and fauna, and the selection
pressure which controls them. There are four of Carlquist's most important contributions to the
development of the biology of island

Will Coffee Effect The Growth Of A Violas Plant Over 10...
Vincent Van der Merwe
Research Topic: Would coffee effect the growth of a Violas plant over 10 days in a positive or
negative way?
Grade: 12.3
School: Maragon Private Schools, Ruimsig
Table of Contents
1. Vincent van der Merwe Research Name Page
2. Table of Contents
3. Introduction, Research Question, Aim, Hypothesis
4. Critical Literature Review, Source 1
10. Method, Materials and Apparatus needed, Procedure
11. Procedure continued, Ethical Considerations
12. Results, Conclusion
Introduction
The active chemical in coffee is caffeine, and too people coffee is used to increase the heart rate or
give people an increase in energy. The effect coffee has on people varies between people, the affect
one cup of coffee may have on one person wouldn't be enough to have an effect on another person.
Coffee has an effect on more than just the brain, caffeine also affects a person calcium level.
Calcium is good for a person's bones and teeth. Calcium is used tom send signals between
neighbouring molecules. Caffeine may trigger the plants to release a lot of calcium inside
themselves and this could have a major effect on the growth of a plant.
Coffee could be added to plants in either a mixture between water and coffee to water the plants and

Purpose Of Botanic Garden
The oldest living botanic garden on the African continent and Durban's oldest public institute, The
Durban Botanic Garden is a glorious testament to more than 160 years of commitment,
perseverance and care by a generation of curators. The Durban Botanic Gardens has been one of
many of Botanic Gardens at the forefront of human knowledge and understanding of plants and the
habitat in which they live. This essay will provide a brief history, and describe the purpose and
philosophy of the Botanic Garden. As well analyzing the landscape, orientation, function and plant
life.
The Durban Botanic Gardens is situated in the city of Durban, KwaZulu–Natal, South Africa. The
very first garden was established in December 1849 by Dr Charles Johnston, on ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Also as a station for the trial of agricultural crops. The park also includes educational programmes
to help educate people on the importance of plant life, environmental interpretation, and the cultural
heritage of the gardens. The programmes include courses like an alien invasive plant garden, school
greening as well as curriculum school guided programmes, permaculture courses to help promote
the idea that food should be culturally and nutritionally important. There is also a garden for the
blind. Today the Gardens have developed and grown as part of a system of botanic gardens globally
to focus on fundamental areas of heritage, education, research, horticultural excellence, green
revolution and biodiversity. Over the years, generations of guardians of the Garden have left an
important and precious resource in the form of plant collections in the Gardens all over the world.
The Durban Botanic Gardens Trust is an independent fund raising association that aims to support
the Durban Botanic Gardens with botanical and agricultural maintenance, development and capacity
development in order to guarantee that this unique habitation of botanic culture is

Annotated Bibliography: Chaparral?
Annotated Bibliography: Chaparral
Resource 1: Literature Review Fenn ME, Allen EB, Weiss SB, Jovan S, Geiser LH, Tonnesen GS,
Johnson RF, Rao LE, Gimeno BS, Juan F, Meixner T, and Bytnerowicz A. "Nitrogen critical loads
and management alternatives for N–impacted ecosystems in California." Journal of Environmental
Management 91(12): 2404–2423.
This paper reveals the relationship between critical loads of nitrogen on seven most common types
of vegetation (annual grassland, coastal sage scrub, desert scrub, chaparral, pinyon–juniper
woodland, oak woodlands, and mixed conifer forest) present in California. According to this paper,
critical loads is the threshold which substantial negative impacts do not occur. This paper reports
that for nitrogen, studies shown that 35% of the land areas with these vegetation types exceeded the
critical load. In order to determine the area with excess nitrogen, the studies used multiple methods,
such as lichens because it is nitrogen–sensitive and vegetation that was nitrogen deficient.
Consequently, vegetation types experience several significant changes and chaparral is not an
exception. This review educates the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cavitation has a decreasing impact on plants' ability to transport water from the soil to their leaves.
The studies report that plants in chaparral vegetation are more susceptible to cavitation during the
wet season. The studies also found that the location (for example, temperature, precipitation rates or
distance to the coast) of chaparral have impacts on cavitation resistance. In addition, the studies
hypothesize and found that plants in chaparral habitats with greater precipitation have the tendency
to become less resistant to cavitation, especially in the beginning of summer. This paper is relevant
to chaparral because it explores the relationship between cavitation in chaparral vegetation and its
effects on the overall

The Power of Herbs Essay
The Power of Herbs
Herbs are plants that have acquired some inherent value to humans (Keller, xiii). Three values that
are relevant to this report are edibility, medicinal property, and toxicity. All plants have the potential
to fall into the one or all of these categories.
Contrary to popular belief, the study of plants is not a pseudo–science. This belief perpetuates the
idea that herbs need not be taken seriously. The study of herbs as a science, herbalism, safeguards
human safety when using these plants.
Modern rules of herbalism draw upon many cultures that have used herbs for thousands of years.
The first rule is that you only put in your mouth what you can positively identify. In many of the
stories we have read, people ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This may seem unfortunate, but many herbalists are studying ancient texts and indigenous cultures
in order to regain this knowledge. This field of science is called Ethnobotany.
Europeans ate many wild edible plants before today's more popular plants became available through
better growing techniques. Some of these edible plants include dock, cattail, chicory, and plantain.
Many of the plants we consider weeds were eaten widely in the l9th century. All parts of the
dandelion can be eaten if prepared correctly (Elliot, 70). Plantain is a common plant that grows in
lawns. Plantain is a broadleaf weed is also edible and may have medicinal properties as well.
The medicinal properties of plants were found through trial and error. By eating plants, it was
realized that the same plants also had medicinal uses. Plants were used as diuretics, aphrodisiacs,
cold and cough remedies, pain relievers, and as many other remedies.
Greeks and Romans were very fond of aphrodisiacs. "Asparagus, with it's strong aphrodisiac
properties, was once a food reserved only for rulers and kings (Keller, 15). Homer made references
to the aphrodisiac quality of celery in The Odyssey (Keller, 116).
Herbs were used in food and potions to extend youth and to cure other ailments. Onions, leeks,
chives and garlic "were used to make a man feel youthful once again" (Keller, 163). Parsley and
sage were considered beauty herbs. Parsley is

Why Phenotypic Plasticity Is Present
Introduction
The plants used in this experiment were the Arabidopsis thaliana. The Arabidopsis species is
characterized as a "weed", a plant with no benefit when it comes to food, shelter, or medicine
(Meinke & Koornneef, 2010). Yet, it is considered the model research plant by many scientists
across the world because they are small and can grow very fast. Meinke and Koornneef (2010)
explain that scientists want to be able to collect as much data as quickly as possible, so a small, fast
growing plant is going to help make discoveries much more rapidly than a longer growing crop
plant. The Arabidopsis plant is also very convenient to study its genes because of its small genome.
A small genome makes it efficient to see how a plant's genes ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Lutz et al. (2015) state that plants integrate seasonal cues such as temperature and day length to
optimally adjust their flowering time to the environment. The knowledge about the adaptation of
plants to changing temperatures at present is limited, but becoming increasingly important due to
the temperature changes associated with global warming (Lutz et al. 2015). This leads to a
hypothesis that as temperature increases, rosette size and height of plant will decrease.
Methods
24 plants of the species Arabidopsis thaliana were grown at two temperatures (20°C and 24°C) in
Percival growth chambers, half at 20°C and half 24°C. The plants were randomized into a design
that consisted of 12 flats in two growth chambers. The seedlings were then transferred to three inch
pots on standard ProMix potting soil and bottom watered in their trays, two times per week to assure
that the potting mix remained moist. Each group will have two different accessions; Natural
Population A and Natural Population B. Natural Population A represents species extracted from
Market Baden, Germany. Natural Population B represents species extracted from Merzhausen,
Germany. Each accession will have six plants growing under 20°C and 24°C. All 24 plants were
then looked at to measure the rosette size, the distance from the center stalk to the edge of the
leaves. All measurements were reported in centimeters using a ruler. The plants were measured in
two spans that were

Analysis: The Botany Of Desire
Are we manipulated by plants or are we manipulating the plants? In The Botany of Desire by
Micheal Pollan, he explains that plants play a bigger role in their own evolution than we normally
realize. "..we're prone to overestimate our own agency in nature" (xxi). Plants cannot just simply get
up and run away from their prey; so they formulate substances that repel their prey. Plants are not
like humans; sometimes it is difficult for people to appreciate their full sophistication and
complexity. What if plants manipulated humans for their own benefit? He makes a groundbreaking
point because humans have gotten to the point where they will wait half an hour to an hour just to
get a cup of coffee at six in the morning. Make floral arrangements ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Approximately eighty percent of caffeine is consumed in the form of coffee, and in the United
States we average about two cups of coffee per day. More than 150 million Americans drink coffee
on a daily basis (Vantal). Some people can use coffee as a scapegoat for instance, "I can not work
properly without my coffee in the morning." I had went to my local and asked out of curiousty how
many drinks do they serve, and their response was about six hundred to seven hundred beverages,
but locations do vary. Over 2.25 billion cups of coffee are consumed in the world everyday (34).
"As coffee grew in popularity, intrigue surrounded its cultivation. The Arabs, protective of their
precious Coffea arabica, refused to allow fertile seeds, coffee trees, or cuttings to leave their
country. Transportation of the plant out of the Moslem nations was forbidden by law" (54). During
the 1600s coffee was not only being used as a beverage but it was also used as medicine, they were
given to women to relive menstrual discomfort. Coffee beans vary from different countries to
regions they can usually be characterized by their differences in aroma, acidity, body, and aroma.
Coffee history embellishes the culture of not only one country but basically different cultures and
histories worldwide. Coffee is both produced by small farmers and large plantations, one–thousand
to three–thousands pounds of

The Vascular Species Of Flora Essay
The naturalised vascular species of flora throughout New Zealand at present has similar totals to the
native species (Williams & Cameron, 2006), and newly naturalised species are being discovered at
an increasing rate (Howell, 2008). Approximately 19% of all naturalised species are presently
recorded as environmental weeds (Howell, 2008). Unfortunately, these statistics can, incorrectly,
give the impression that New Zealand environments are inundated with an abundance of diverse
weeds. Rather, the majority of naturalised plants, together with weeds, still inhabit a mere fraction
of the wild–land habitats throughout New Zealand (Williams & Wiser, 2004). In the centuries to
come, it is predicted that weeds and other naturalised floras will increasingly occupancy areas of
New Zealand, even for millenniums as has appeared to have occurred with Europe's naturalised
plants (Pysek & Jarosik, 2005). The general origins of naturalised flora species were as decorative
garden and feature plants (Howell, 2008), as such they commonly are present near human
settlements (Timmins & Williams, 1991). When random wild–land sites were surveyed few, if any,
environmental weed species are generally found (Sullivan, Williams, & Timmins, 2006). This
suggests that environmental weeds are generally in the initial stages of infiltration into New
Zealand's environments, thus, there is an opportunity to curb further dispersal. Methods of long
distance dispersal differ among environmental weed and

Informative Speech On Snapdragon
Hello, everyone. Gaeun and I are about to present a plant called 'Snapdragon'.
The contents will be: We will first speak 'About the Snapdragon', then the 'Characteristics of
Snapdragon', 'The myth of Snapdragon', the 'Uses of Snapdragon', and lastly a brief summary. /(슬
라이드 넘김)
So, what is the snapdragon? It is also known as Antirrhinum in botanical terms but most commonly
referred to as snapdragon. (botanical term means 식물학적 명칭).
The origin of it's Korean name, 금어초, comes from it's appearance which resembles the figure of a
swimming goldfish.
The English name, Snapdragon comes from it's flowers that resemble a dragon's jaws opening and
closing when they are gently squeezed.
Now let's look at its habitat. (보충 설명: The word habitat means 서식지). They are native to rocky
zones in Europe, the United States and North Africa. //(슬라이드 넘김) ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
One feature that stands out is the ovary. The ovary of a snapdragon plant looks like a skull. (보충 설
명: The word ovary means 씨앗포자). Snapdragon is known for its peculiar looking ovary. But
snapdragons are also known for their flowers which bloom in vibrant shades of pink, red, orange
and

Ecology Personal Statement
My decision to pursue graduate study and research in the field of ecology comes from my aspiration
to become a leading researcher. I feel that the knowledge what I have gained in this field is little.
Therefore, to help me acquire a better understanding of this multi–faceted field of ecology, I would
like to pursue my doctoral degree major in ecology.
During my undergraduate level, I have been fascinated with the field of biotechnology. It is why I
choose this field as my MS thesis research. However, after deliberate thought and careful study, I
changed my mind and have decided to build my career as an ecologist. My aspiration to pursue a
research–based career in the field of ecology, and climate change, comes from my visits of the
world's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I was among the top performers in these courses in my class. After completion of my undergraduate
level, I started my steps towards research by joining the plant breeding and biotechnology lab
where, I completed my thesis entitled "Agrobacterium–mediated genetic transformation of potato
(Solanum tuberosum L.) for the development of fungus resistance variety" under the supervision of
Professor Dr. Rakha Hari Sarker. During my undergraduate and graduate studies, I have been
involved with several field studies. These studies included the flora of the world's largest mangrove
forest (Sundarban), ethnobotany of medicinal plants used by native and tribal people, inventory of
the plant diversity (herb, shrub, climber and tree) in an area adjacent to the University of Dhaka and
on Saint Martin Island. In addition, as part of my course requirement I have studied the flora of
Lawachara rainforest, Dulahazra Safari park and Remakelanga wildlife sanctuary. I have also
presented a seminar presentation on the effects of tannery wastes on the ecosystems of the river of
"Buriganga". Field experiences provided me with the opportunity to explore real examples and to be
involved, physically, in a real world setting, which further reinforced my desire to explore the
natural

The Botany Of Desire Summary
Michael Pollan, author of The Botany of Desire: A Plant's View of the World, addresses four major
plant groups that have both changed for human needs and simultaneously changed human's needs.
While most gardeners, genetic engineers and other plant related professionals have long–believed
that plants have evolved based on what we want or need to survive and in other words what we have
"domesticated", Pollan appeals to the plant's view. Plants' survival has been solely based on what
humans desire both depending on their visual and stimulatory appeal along with their appeal to an
appetite. Conversely, plants have used humans as a strategy for "getting us to move and think for
them (page xx)". Many plants have successfully maneuvered humans for ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This method can however be extremely efficient as humans are able to exert their control over the
plant in order to produce what is demanded. On the other hand, polyculture is a form of hedging as
many types of plants and their strains are grown in a singular area and while some may succumb to
disease or pests, others will thrive. Contrasting the two forms of plant growth is the best way to see
the advantages and disadvantages of monoculture. It is important to understand that Pollan
expresses a clear dissatisfaction with monoculture as he says it "is at the root of virtually every
problem that bedevils the modern farmer (page 225)" because of the many "unimagined new
complexities (page 185)" that come along with it. This form of plant cultivation has created what is
known as "biological pollution" in plants where resistance in pests and weeds has grown to
significant numbers and is also highly dependent on genetic engineering for its survival. Conversely,
polyculture uses nature against itself by directing pests to plants that are not being raised for human
purposes and also by avoiding the use of pesticides or herbicides that begin

Green Bilrush Research Paper
The height that Green Bulrush grows is about three to four feet tall, but it has been known to grow
taller. The stalk of the plant is tall and spreds about two to four feet. The stalks are dark green in
color and grows approximately a foot long. When the Green Bulrush flowers, it is a green cattail
products clusters of spiked seeds that are brown.
The Green Bulrush should be grown in soil that is greatly saturated because it is a marshland plant.
This plant can be planted in a few inches of water. This plant can be used for maintenance of storm
water, planted by ponds and rain gardens. Birds, frogs and other animals use the Bulrush to protect
themselves and ther youngones. When the Green Bulrush is allowed to grow and spread, it will fill

Herbal Medicine : An Aspect Of The Medical Field
Herbal medicine is an aspect of the medical field that seems to have been overlooked in the past few
decades, with the majority of focus on being western medicine. For thousands of years, indigenous
peoples, and explorers alike counted on herbal remedies and medicines for treatment of wounds,
personal hygiene, and curing sickness. The Aztec were a group that held a vast array of knowledge
and skill in natural medicine, and even invested a great deal of energy into further researching
herbal medicine. Unfortunately, Spanish friars destroyed all of the Aztec's written records of
botanical successes. After all, the priests considered the Aztecs' as savage at the time. Even though
there is much to be learned about Aztec natural medicine, there were many records kept by
employees of the more enlightened members of the Spanish government. In this essay, the author
will cover the few aspects known about Aztec medicine including the research they carried out in
the name of Herbal medicine, a historical context behind medicinal practices among the Aztec, and
also the plants and their uses. As stated previously, the Aztec invested a great deal of time, and
resources into botanical research for medicinal purposes. The Huaxtepec garden, for example,
devoted entirely to this purpose, had a seven–mile circumference. Montezuma 's gardens are
described by Cervantes de Salazar in his1554 book entitled "Dialogues," and here we learn that
there were some two thousand species of

Analysis Of The Bany Of Desire By Michael Pollan
The incredible Michael Pollan is the accredited author for the high–rated novel, "The Botany of
Desire: A Plants–Eye View of the World". Michael Pollan was born on February 06, 1955 into a
Jewish family in Long Island, New York with 3 other siblings and his father Stephen M. Pollan and
mother Corky Pollan. Michael Pollan lived a normal childhood and attended Bennington College
and received a Bachelor's of the Arts (B.A) in Literature of 1977 and went on to graduate school at
Columbia University, graduating with a Master of the Arts (M.A) in 1981. Pollan has always been
intrigued by the art of writing after he witnessed his father, an author of over 20 books, as a child
and immediately knew he would begin writing after receiving both ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The author helps visualize his idea with the story of Jonny Chapman, also known as "Jonny
Appleseed". Mr. Appleseed was known for the expansion of apples all across Northern–
Pennsylvania to Mid–West Ohio by traveling and planting apple seeds all along the Mississippi
River because of the high demand for apples in the early 1800's. Apples were in such high demand
because apples had such a bitter taste which was good for making hard–cider also known as "booze"
which sold–out before the Prohibition Era.
Tulips have been placed with a class of plants that shape foods grown from the ground called
angiosperms, which initially dates approximately 100 million years back. Most plants recreated the
way our forefathers would have done it, through spores that made hereditarily indistinguishable
clones of their folks. Yet, angiosperms hit upon another method for spreading their qualities that
gave them a transformative favorable position. They delivered female cells that remained on the
plant and male cells in dust that could be spread to treat neighboring plants. In the meantime, the
angiosperms made themselves appealing to bugs, flying creatures, and honey bees, which brought
about these animals conveying dust, starting with one plant then onto the next, making an
unfathomable blast of assorted variety. Through some secretive, however exact transaction of
shading, fragrance, and symmetry, these cunning angiosperms advanced to

Reflection For My Citizenship Project
Reflection
For my citizenship project, I chose to volunteer at the Daniel Stowe Botanical garden. My goal was
to obtain 15 hours of community service by volunteering for educational assistant, horticulture crew,
and at the holiday at the garden events. To reach my goal, I had to figure out two major problems.
When to volunteer and my transportation. In order to make my project possible, I had to work with
my parents. By looking at an online calendar, we were able to schedule when I can volunteer and
my event. We decided that I could volunteer in the morning during winter break, and my parents
would drop and pick me up. Before my first day volunteering, i felt more nervous than excited. I
was completely clueless and worried that I wouldn't be able to do my job properly. I was afraid that
I might become loss, or that I might have signed up incorrectly. Most of all, I was afraid that I'll
would embarrass myself. What made it vene more nerve wrecking was that I had no friends or
family to volunteer with me, so I was hesitant with working with a stranger much older than me.
Despite my worries, I was excited to see the garden. I wanted to compare the botanical garden in
Las Vegas to the one I am currently volunteering at. I was especially enthusiastic about the arts and
crafts I will be creating on my first day.
I volunteered a total of __ days, each day brought a new experience and improved my
communication skills. I started off volunteering at the fairy fest. It was a

The Botany Of Desire Summary
Potato: Control
Sweetness, beauty, intoxication, and control. These are the four topics of desire that Michael Pollan
talks about within his memoirs in The Botany of Desire. All four desires are told through powerful
euphemisms in relation to plants that we have come to know as domesticated. In regards to our
modern relationship with plants, the apple, tulip, marijuana, and potato are perhaps some of our
most treasured allies. This could not be truer than that relationship in which we have with the potato.
That relationship has lasted for thousands of years, and its genetic makeup has been the
conversation of many farmers around the world. The potatoes birthplace with the Incans proved to
be a time of high biodiversity with thousands of varieties. However, through the act of monoculture
with Europeans, and a need to feed a growing population, the potato has experienced a decrease in
the amount of varieties that are cultivated.
Control ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Traditional agriculture, however, wasn't done with monoculture. Incans proved that a diversity of
potatoes, when farmed the right way, yielded higher harvests. Diversity is the argument for "non–
traditional," or non–monoculture farming; diversity in species and methods. When faced with a
deadly virus or disease, a whole monoculture can simply die out. This was the problem with Irish
potatoes, which forced the largest emigration of recent memory. What's more, is that today's
monocultures are chemically treated in such a way to avoid the problem that plagued the Irish. Soil,
in all of its natural life–giving diversity, has become barren, unable to support any type of crop
without the intensive additions of fertilizers and with them, chemicals. Harvested food has become
unsafe to eat unless treated again, with more chemicals. It's easy to see that monocultures are may
not be the best solution that is needed for a hungry

Book Analysis: The Botany Of Desire
Book Analysis: The Botany of Desire
In the novel The Botany of Desire, there are four main topics that are discussed in the book. The
main emphasis that the author is trying to make in the novel is that there is a connection/
relationship between humans and plants. In the novel the author explains that apple trees, tulips,
marijuana, and potatoes have a distinguished effect on human desires such as sweetness, beauty,
intoxication, and control respectively. The author also explains that by having a mutualistic
relationship with these plants, humans have been able to gain desires that they seek, while also
benefiting the plants by causing them to multiply not only in just one place, but in a widespread
area.
In the first chapter of the novel, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Like the last couple of chapters, the author begins by explaining how a winter storm destroyed many
ancient paintings at Versailles and he uses this as a metaphor to compare it with a garden. Regarding
disasters, this is also seen in Colorado when the Colorado potato beetle killed many potato crops
and also in Ireland when a disease destroyed many of the potato crops. However, the author also
describes how the use of Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) bacteria has proved to save the Colorado potato
population by being toxic to the Colorado potato beetle. In this sense, because people rely on
potatoes as a good food source, they help out the potato by inserting a bacterium in its genome that
will help it become resistant to pests. Unlike the three previous plants that were talked about, the
potato is more susceptible to diseases because it reproduces asexually and as a result does not create
much genetic diversity in its genome. It instead creates clones of itself, which means that if the
parent is susceptible to a disease, the offspring will more than likely be susceptible to the same
disease. Because of this humans desire control of the potato population because they do not want a
disease like the Ireland famine to devastate a prized crop, and this use of control is done by using
technology and studying ancient agricultural techniques like those of the

Plant Species Observation Paper
To gather a comprehensive collection of the plant species found on the SCICON property.
Observations will be made of plant associations, slope and soil conditions. The results will aid us in
determining vegetation composition and create vegetation profiles of the area.
Tulare County, with the exception of the National Parks, has one of the least known floras in
California. Since much of the valley floor has been converted to agricultural purposes and the
foothills dedicated to ranching, there have been few botanical surveys performed. Evidence of gaps
in collections are glaring when one references the site localities of collections in the Cal Flora
website. The Sierra Nevada foothills are known for their high plant diversity (Barbour, 1990) and
serve as an important ecotone between ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Distinctive patterns of plant distribution are evident at the SCICON facility. Riparian habitats
associated with Bear Creek show high diversity and are well represented by plants requiring high
moisture soils such as alders, sycamores, and willows. South and west facing slopes receive the
greatest amount of solar exposure and thus support only plant species well adapted to drought and
heat stress. Quercus douglassii (Blue Oak) appears to be the dominant species in this strongly xeric
environment. North and east facing slopes have a very diverse representation of trees that include
Umbellularia californica (California bay), Quercus wislizeni (live oak) and Aesculus hippocastanum
(horse chestnut). Within these varied environments are found an array of vegetation types listed
above that are named after their dominant species. At SCICON Quercus douglasii (Blue Oak)
Woodlands are the most dominant. Several species collected over the last few months had not been
previously collected by UC Jepson affiliated

Effects Of Magnesium On Botany
Magnesium is an essential mineral in the diets of cattle. It is necessary for the normal and healthy
function of the animal's body. In healthy cattle, the concentration of magnesium in the blood is
approximately 2.25 mg/100 mL of blood, and it is very important that this magnesium level is
maintained to ensure the wellbeing of the animal (Kellems, 2010). A deficiency in magnesium,
either because the diet does not provide enough or because the magnesium cannot be absorbed due
to other factors, can lead to major issues in the cow's health. Hypomagnesemic tetany, commonly
known as grass tetany, is a disease that can lead to fatality caused by a deficiency of magnesium in
the animal's body. This disease most commonly occurs in lactating beef cows ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Magnesium influences the membrane potentials of neurons, keeping the resting potential further
from threshold, so that the neurons requiring a larger amount of stimuli to send signals from neuron
to neuron and result in muscle contractions and extensions. When magnesium is not within the
proper range in the body, the resting potential of the neurons remain closer to threshold, so less
stimuli is required to move the action potential down the neurons and cause the contraction of
muscles. This is a major problem associated with grass tetany (Fentenot et al, 1988). Symptoms of
grass tetany are commonly not observed in time to save the cows. Symptoms of the disease include
the cow appearing to be blind, excitable, and suffering from convulsions. In less severe cases, the
cow will be more sensitive to touch and sound she typically is, urinate often, and appear stiff and
uncomfortable. If any of these signs are seen that indicate tetany, the cow should be placed on
magnesium solution IV. Often, the cow is discovered dead without any symptoms being witnessed
because once the convulsions begin, the animal will most likely die within a few hours (Stewart,

Arhaus Furniture
Several years ago, after deciding to redecorate my living room, I visited Arhaus Furniture. The thing
about decorating is that my tastes never seem to match my budget, which is how I got into this
gardening mess. Arhaus carried table accents that consisted of a shallow round or square ceramic
dish full of lush, green, neatly manicured grass. Immediately, I was smitten with the unique concept,
but not with the price. After leaving the furniture store, I called my husband and rattled off my list of
necessary items – grass seed, potting soil, and fertilizer. Considering that I have killed every plant
ever purchased, it was evident he thought this was yet another one of my fly–by–night ideas, yet he
went along with the plan. My responsibility ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If you're like me, you can't wait to get your fingers in the dirt and you want to get that old brown
lawn looking lush and green again. If you live in the western United States, and you know that after
October your lawn will become dormant and brown, the following is a 4 step process to help
renovate your lawn. The fundamentals of getting that beautiful yard begins with a spring fertilizer;
nitrate and phosphate. When you look at a bag of fertilizer, there are usually two or three numbers
on the bag, for example: 30–10–0 which means 30 parts nitrate which is always the first number and
10 parts phosphate which is always the second number. The nitrate greens up the lawn fast and the
phosphate establishes a strong root system. This is your spring fertilizer, which should be applied
first. A good way to decide when to apply fertilizer is to do it close to the holidays; Easter, Memorial
Day, 4th of July, and Labor day. If you are worried about weeds, you can use a fertilizer with a pre–
emergence in it. In case you are unfamiliar with this type of product, you need to know that a pre–
emergence keeps seeds from germinating. It does not differentiate between flower, vegetable or
weed seeds, so you must be sure that it is not applied in areas where you have flower or vegetable
seeds. Many people like to use a weed and feed fertilizer, thinking this will eliminate all the weeds.
A weed and feed fertilizer can only be used when weeds are actively growing because the chemical
in the product has to attach itself to the weed in order to kill it. If applied before the weeds are
growing, you will have wasted your time and your fertilizer. Memorial day fertilization means a
fertilizer with less nitrate, such as a 25–5–10, which is 25 parts of nitrate, 5 parts phosphate, and 12
parts of potassium. You can also find something like this with a slow release iron, which is

Description Of The Botanical Boat Trip
Botanical Boat Trip
In the middle of the urban wilderness lies a more natural one, the Norfolk Botanical Gardens. There,
people can walk through an enchanted forest just a short drive from their home. I arrived at the
gatehouse to this wonderland ten minutes before I was due to embark. The road was surrounded on
either side by a thick forest of trees that blocked out most of the noise from the airport and busy
road outside, making me feel like I could be a thousand miles from civilization. The cool wind and
overcast sky seemed to be warning me of some approaching rain, leading me to wonder if the boat
would even go out. After parking in front of a low, stone building, I passed through two sets of glass
doors to arrive behind the building, followed the path out back down a series of stone steps, stopped
in front of the boat dock, and greeted the crew.
The young bearded man shivering in his Virginia Tech hoodie and shorts asked us, "How 's it going?
I will be your tour guide. My name is Michael, and my shipmate is Terry. We ask that you sit in the
back to keep the motor under the waves." The business–focused pilot got right to his station in the
pilot 's chair. My sister accompanied me, and soon our last shipmate of the day arrived. Only three
of us attended the boat tour that day. The threat of rain seemed to frighten off other guests leaving
the park empty and peaceful, but I pushed on, wanting to reach the lake outside the garden and take
in its magnificent view. As we

The Botany Of Desire By Michael Pollan
In the novel, The Botany of Desire, Michael Pollan tells the intriguing story of how plants are
domesticated from the perspective of the plant with regards to four specific plants.. The four plants
he chose for discussion are the apple, the tulip, marijuana, and the potato. As he discusses the
domestication of these plants, his overall focus is the desire that each of these plants have to us as
humans. Pollan has written books and magazine articles among other pieces of literature that discuss
the relationship between plants and humans. Throughout this informational text, Pollan tries to keep
the perspective from the "plant's–eye view of the world," but he often slips into Pollan's eye view of
the world. As he talks about experiences that he has had with each of these plants and gives a little
bit of their history, it was often hard to stay focused on the topic that he was trying to convey.
However, I found that the perspectives that Pollan brings up are interesting to think about. The
Botany of Desire was an interesting journal type informational novel that didn't quite live up to my
expectations of what it could have been. Pollan begins by telling the story of the lives of four plants.
The theme he tries to keep throughout the novel is that "human desires connect us to these plants."
One of the theories he states is that the plant has to want to work with us just as much as we want to
work with it. Through the stories of the four plants, he tells of the experiences

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