To What Extent Was The Cold War Caused By Ideological...

To What Extent was the Cold war Caused by Ideological...
The Cold War, a period of sustained political and military tension between the USA and the USSR,
resulted in various viewpoints concerning the cause of the tension emerging. Until today the
question remains unresolved, even after the 1991 release of Soviet archives. The main point of
disagreement relates to the roles that ideology played in the events between 1945 and 1949. Was it
the strongly opposing ideologies, capitalism and communism, or power and material interest that
drove both superpowers to the decades of struggle for global supremacy.
The orthodox view regarding the cause of the Cold War, formed the standard interpretation between
the 1940s and early–1960s. The breakdown of the wartime alliance and the expansion of Soviet ...
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For example, William Appleman Williams in his 1962 book, 'The Tragedy of American Diplomacy',
argued that the U.S. considered the "open door" policy as essential to the continuous prosperity of
the United States. He claimed that no post–war agreement with the
Soviet Union would have ben set until the Soviets allowed the U.S. free trade in eastern Europe. But
this of course was not what the Soviet Union wished to have in the region. So, the U.S. put too much
pressure on the Soviets through plans such as the Marshall Plan and this in return put the USSR on
the defensive. Once the USSR entrenched itself to protect its interests, no room to
Once the Soviet Union entrenched itself in order to protect its interests, there was no room to
compromise on the makeup of post war Europe. Thus, security fears where supposedly at the heart
of Soviet policy.
One of the first diplomatic moves by the U.S. in the Cold War was atomic bomb drop on Hiroshima
August 6th 1945 and three day later one Nagasaki. Revisionist Gar Alperovitz argues that President
Harry S. Truman and his Secretary of State, James F. Byrnes, could have ended the war without
using the atomic bomb and that the weapon was more of an instrument to intimidate the Soviets.
The intention was to end the conflict before the Soviet Union had an opportunity to declare war on
Japan, march
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A Change Of Policing Policy
AJ Schwarting
Mrs. Van Fleet
H English 9
Block 4
A Change of Policing Policy
Estonia, a small country located along the Baltic sea, is young in comparison to the United States
because it fought for its independence just twenty–five years ago. A trip twenty–six years into the
past in Estonia would find every person under communist rule and in dire need of a change of civil
rights policy. This position was common among the Soviet Bloc countries up until it disbanded.
People in these post–soviet countries desperately fought for better human rights. They are now being
rewarded; human rights in countries previously under soviet rule are improving greatly. Human
rights apply to all humans, even those in prison systems throughout the soviet ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
People in these trying conditions can, as of recently, experience a humane time in prison systems
and even avoid it altogether in some cases, like the rights the United States boasts. United States
citizens generally also have the right to vote due to their democratic government, and many post–
soviet citizens are now able to boast the same. Voting in these places is a hard–fought right. Rachel
Denber, Deputy Director, Europe and Central Asia Division of the Human Rights Watch
organization, writes about the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, and about the expectations involved.
Many people immediately thought that without communism in the ex–union the governments would
immediately turn to democracy. Those people were wrong because communism still ruled
unfortunately (Denber 1). Any entity opposing those in power was effectively countered, and in
many cases imprisoned for trumped up charges. Newer politicians developed to try to swing the
system towards democracy, but initially failed. Putin has surprisingly been in power for a over
twenty–five years with no political opposition, but fortunately there are now countries within this
category that have developed their own systems of government to include democracy. Denber says
that in Ukraine the "Orange revolution" of 2004 ousted the government's manipulations and put
Viktor Yushchenko into power through sequential democratic elections. A similar revolution in
Georgia, the "Rose Revolution" of 2003, led to a

When Historians Discuss The Cold War, There Are A Number
When historians discuss the Cold War, there are a number of categories amongst which there are
heated debates. These include, but are not limited to, who the primary aggressor was, what were the
motivations of the aggressor, what lead to its end, and whether or not the Cold War happened at all.
Within these arguments, there are various camps among whom the beliefs are contested. There are
the orthodox historians, such as Arthur Schlesinger Jr., that imagine the Cold War as "the brave and
essential response of free men to communist aggression," essentially placing sole blame for the Cold
War on the ideological aims of the Soviet Union. Then there are revisionists, such as Melvyn P.
Leffler, who believe that the blame should be shifted ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Evangelista argues that one should pay attention to the "strategic use of language, norms, and
information to link material and ideational arguments" rather than simply the aforementioned
materialistic or ideological goals. Neither the orthodox historian nor the revisionist historian would
necessarily disagree that, as Federico Romero put it, the Cold War should be imagined "as an East–
West conflict of increasingly global reach that burst out in the aftermath of the Second World War to
die away around 1989." That is to say that neither would disagree that the primary antagonists of the
war were the Soviet Union and the United States and that the conflict continued to escalate into an
increasingly global competition for influence. However, they choose one side of the conflict to
define as the primary contributor to the escalation of tensions between the nations with orthodox
fixating their blame on the Soviet Union while revisionists choose the United States. Schlesinger
falls squarely into the orthodox camp of history, a position largely supported by the United States'
government in the early decades of the Cold War. While he argues that it is not necessarily a poor
idea to question the efficacy of the United States post–war foreign policy, Schlesinger posits that the
Russians in the aftermath of the war could only, at most, support "a short run modus vivendi with
the United

Why Was the Us Afraid of Ussr
Why was the United States afraid of the Soviet Union after WWII? Why was the Soviet Union
afraid of the United States and Western Europe?
2 When World II ended it brought about a period of mistrust and uneasiness between the United
States and the Soviet Union. Communism and democracy were two totally different types of
governments which ran the two most powerful countries in the world. These two countries were the
US and the USSR. When the Second World War ended it brought about the Cold War. The Cold War
was a war not fought ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
1. no. 10 (2009): 1/1. http://www.studentpulse.com/articles/2/america–in–the–post–war–period
(accessed January 18, 2013).
SparkNotes Editors. â€œSparkNote on The Cold War (1945â€"1963).â€ SparkNotes LLC. 2005.
http://www.sparknotes.com/history/american/coldwar/ (accessed January 17,

How Did The Ww2 Affect The Economy
Every war tremendously affects the lifestyle and the economic state of the country. World War II
affected almost every country in Europe, the United States, Japan, China, etc., but the country that
had the most damage was the Soviet Union. A Russian Professor Alexey Shumkov brings the
following facts in his research article, "During the war years of 1941–1945, the Soviet Union lost
almost 27 million people (Russia alone lost around 14 million) and millions more were disabled".
Moreover, the war destroyed a little less than 2 thousand towns and cities, and over 71 thousand
villages were completely burnt down. This distractions put a fearful effect on the Soviet economy.
At huge loss of population and industrial distraction negatively influenced that post war economic
development, but the people's enthusiasm and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The country lost over 18% of its population and the majority of it was the male population. As a
result, women and children had to do hard work at the factories and farms, but even they were not
able to completely compensate the loss of the workforce. This obviously put a negative effect and
slowed down production. Besides the loss of population, the government had to deal with almost
three million people who lost their health during the war. Three million handicapped people who
were not able to work, or work full–time, became another complication on the way of the full
economic recovery. The Soviet Union government had to financially support physically disabled
veterans, and that fact also have a negative impact on the weak economy. Additionally, lack of food
and the quality of food itself during World War II and after affected the physical capabilities of the
people for hard work. The people were tired and exhausted. Many of them could not work very well,
so this, also, negatively changed the results of industrial and agricultural

The Different Perspectives Of The Cold War
"The way we choose to see the world we see"(Barry Neil Kaufman). Different perspective lead
humans to make decisions that lead to conflicts, such as the Cold War. The Cold War was a rivalry
between the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) and the USA(United States of
America).Cold War had no direct military actions between the countries. Competing perspectives
and human decisions led to violent conflicts throughout the 20th century. By analyzing different
perspectives for the countries that are blamed for starting Cold War and the ideologies that were
imposed in the other countries.
Two different political systems led to further conflicts of the Cold War. The Soviet Union during the
Cold War was a communist country. Stalin wanted to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
William Appleman Williams published the "The Tragedy of American Diplomacy" where the
revisionist suggested that America the one to blame. When WWII ended Russia was weak, it had a
great amount of material and human losses, while the US had experienced economic growth due to
high levels of production of goods for the War.("Origins Of The Cold War – Revisionist And Post–
Revisionist Stances").The US used their power to expand their trade industries and to gain more
power by enforcing their ideology to the other countries, especially in Europe. A passage from the
book states "Not the making of the atomic bomb; that we were forced to do out of sheer national
preservation, for the enemy was working on atomic weapons as well."(William 950) William
implies that the United States wants to be the first and only dominant country in the world. Another
passage from the book implicit the stand of the US against Russia and that President Truman didn't
support Russia's ideology. "President Truman quickly made it clear, moreover, that he was a
member, and considered himself the leader, of the anti–Soviet bloc."(William 946). Another author
Gar Alperovitz, in the book Atomic Diplomacy: Hiroshima and Potsdam, blamed the United State
for the Cold War on the use of the atomic bombs Gar Alperovitz just like William imply

The United States and the Beginning of the Cold War
The United States and the Beginning of the Cold War
a) There were three cracks evident between the US–Soviet relationship. America and Russia argued
about the opening of a second front against Germany. Stalin's plans where that America and Britain
invade western Europe so the Russian Red Army gets stronger and pressure on them is relieved.
Roosevelt promised a second front by the time of 1942, but the delay of plans for an Anglo–
American invasion of German–occupied France angered Stalin because his plans to make his Army
Stronger are not going to be easily fulfilled since the western countries would still be powerful. The
invasion of France was delayed until D–Day which angered Stalin. Instead, ... Show more content
e) The "one world" policy contradicts the "sphere of influence" policy. Russians hat the plans for the
"sphere of influence" and the Americans the "one world" policy which both contrast. Roosevelt had
an clear idea of peace. His most important post war aim was to accomplish the creation of the peace
keeping organisation, the United Nations. His opinion was that there should be no spheres of
influence, which contradicts Stalin's post war aims. The Sphere of influence was basically a group
of states under the indirect control of outside power. For example, Russia wanted Poland, Romania
and Bulgaria to be Russia's sphere of influence to protect Russia from invasions and attacks. On the
contrary, Roosevelt felt that every country had the right for self determination, which is to decide for
themselves how they should be governed. But Stalin was for the "sphere of influence", since he
wanted something like a security cordon against German expansion. His ideas were communist and
Roosevelt's where democratic.
The Breakdown of the US–Soviet Alliance, 1945: Key Issues
=========================================================
f) In 1943, the Soviet Union ended its relationships with Poland after Poland criticised Stalin. Later,
Stalin exploited the Red Army's occupation of Poland in 1944 to set up a pro–Soviet government

Soviet Union As Powerful Middle Class Nations Today Essay
Russia and Poland were once under the single party control, communism. Communism is when the
government owns nearly all aspects of society. The government controlled everything from means
of production, property, to even media. The fall of communism throughout the world began in the
late 1980s. Since the liberalization of the two countries, Russia and Poland have come to long ways.
After independence, both countries faced many struggles but are now considered to be powerful
middle–class nations today. Post–communist is where former communist states undergo a transition
both socially and economically. Before 1989, there has never been a shift to a post–communist
country to democracy. With a quickly modernizing world, Communism was bound to fail(286). The
death of Stalin in 1953 left the Soviet Union without a strong communist leader. The Soviet Union
then turned its attention to Western powers and the arms race. The Cold War left Americans thinking
that communism would never end and many countries could begin to fall to it. The 1950s and 1960s
had Americans feeling uneasy. Both the arms race and Cuban Missile Crisis led to detente, which is
when both the United States and the Soviet Union wanted peace, but that did not last long. The
Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in 1979, and this began the fall of the Soviet Union. The election
of Ronald Reagan also helps embitter the relationship between the United States and the Soviet
Union. He views the Soviet Union as a "the evil

To what extent was the development of the post-Stalin thaw...
To what extent was the development of the post–Stalin thaw in superpower relations between 1953
and 1962 the result of Khrushchev's policy of 'Peaceful Coexistence'?
The post Stalin thaw, which occurred in the period between 1953 and 62', refers to the more
conciliatory approach employed by both the USSR and the USA which resulted in greater toleration
and a less 'hard line' foreign policy. The thaw was perhaps a direct result of Stalin's death as both
sides saw an opportunity to ease tensions between the two superpowers.
Peaceful coexistence was a policy, which focused primarily on cooperation with capitalist states and
particularly the USA. The policy aimed to challenge the views that both communist and capitalist
ideologies could ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A change in leadership in America also helped the situation to a certain extent. Although Eisenhower
was supposedly taking a more hard–line approach to communism having criticised Truman and
publicly denouncing the soviets new approach, he was in fact a man all to aware of the dangers of
nuclear war and secretly responded well to the new soviet strategy. In addition, U–2 spy planes had
ensured that Eisenhower was aware of the Soviet Unions nuclear capability. He was therefore
confident that the US was superior and so was more prepared to negotiate with the USSR knowing
that he was in a position of strength. This consequently led to thaw because he no longer needed to
assert his authority of the Soviets.
Moreover, the presidency of Kennedy also helped in the development of the thaw. Kennedy's
'Flexible Response' offered a more diverse approach to communism and the USSR, moving away
from the basis on nuclear weapons to a wider range of options. This move from an emphasis on
nuclear weapons may have contributed to the thaw because it provided a less hard–line approach
than that of Truman and Eisenhower.
Overall it is clear to see that the post Stalin thaw was down to a number of factors, one of which was
certainly Khrushchev and his implementation of peaceful coexistence policies however there were
many other factors at play. The nuclear arms race, global changes of leadership and

What Is The Yalta Conference
One of the most essential conferences that affected the world in its entirety was the Yalta
Conference, but the most important aspect of the Yalta conference were the different distinctive
decisions made at the conference. The Yalta Conference, codenamed the argonaut conference,
transpired from February 4, 1945, to February 11, 1945. The occupants of the meeting were
President Franklin D. Roosevelt representing the United States, Joseph Stalin representing the
Soviet Union, and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill representing Great Britain. There were
four major issues that would dominate the conference, and ultimately decide the fate of the world
post–war. The Yalta Conference's primary objective was to frame a post–war world that would ...
First, Stalin declared that the Polish question was a question both of honor and security. Causing
countless grievances, Russia's past desire to eliminate Poland made the Polish question a question of
honor, and in the last thirty years Russia had been invaded through Poland twice due to its location
which made the Polish question a question of security. Russia concurred with Churchill, saying that
"Russia wants a strong, independent and democratic Poland", most likely because building a
stronger Poland answers both the question of honor and security. Afterward, Stalin stated that the
Curzon and Clemenceau fixed the Curzon Line, not Russians; moreover, Poland's borders would
much rather be extended to the West Neisse River. Finally, Stalin outright rejected the proposal of a
Polish government; he believed that the only path to creating a Polish government was through the
consent and advice of the Polish people. Stalin's concise counterargument set the standard for the
topic of the Polish question, and his resolute stance on the Polish government and Polish boundaries
would remain the dominant

The Cold War And The Soviet Union
When the term "Cold War" was popularised to refer to post–war tensions between the United States
and the Soviet Union, interpreting the course and origins of the conflict became a source of heated
controversy among historians. In particular, who was responsible for the breakdown of Soviet–U.S.
relations after the Second World War? During World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union
were allied against the Axis powers. However, in the years that followed the end of World War II,
the alliance became uneasy, and signs of strain began to show. Historians have disagreed as to
whether the conflict between the two superpowers was inevitable or may have been avoided.
Further, what exactly the Cold War was and the sources of conflict. While there remains great
diversity of opinion regarding these questions, it is commonplace to refer to three broad "schools" of
thought regarding the origins and end of the Cold War: "orthodox" explanations, "revisionism", and
"post–revisionism".
After World War Two, the "orthodox" view dominated the history of the Cold War. In this
formulation, the United States is seen as playing a passive role in the Cold War and a hero for taking
up the challenge of 'world leadership' (Bacevich, 2002). The responsibility for the conflict was
placed on the Soviet Union and its expansion into Eastern Europe. In every case of the revisionist
perspective, the United States acted altruistically, rebuilding Europe through the Marshall Plan and
providing military

Cold War Dbq Essay
On September 1, 1939, Hitler invaded Poland and two days later, France and Britain declared war
on Germany, beginning World War II. The United States did not enter the war until after Pearl
Harbor was attacked by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service on December 7, 1941. After World
War II, the relationship that developed between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republic was called the Cold War; the ends of World War II lead to the start of the Cold War. They
each thought their system of government and economics was best and they only fought indirectly.
The USSR functioned in a Communist fashion while the U.S. operated with Capitalism. Between
1945 and 1950, the tensions increased between the U.S. and the Soviet Union ... Show more content
and the USSR caused disputes that eventually led up to the Cold War. Enormous growth spurred by
industries related to war was aided by heavy government expansion. The Americans advocated free
market capitalism while the Soviets promoted communism. George Kennan wanted a U.S. policy
that framed the issues and prevented the Soviet Union from taking action. From the beginning,
Kennan was suspicious of the Soviet's motives and thought that they weren't open to reasoning with
the U.S. He wanted the Soviet's to change their government policy (Doc 3). America's national
security policy for planning post–war was a cause of great discomfort for the Soviets. Due to this,
the Soviets were much more conscious of America's post–war planning in which America planned
to regain their previous interests and possibly gain more. America's post–war planning and their use
of the atomic bomb caused tension between them and the Soviet Union. After World War II,
American political policies towards the Soviets changed severely. Political policies such as the
Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan added to the failure of the relationship between the United
States and the Soviet Union. Fear of communism caused the United States government to use
propaganda to raise Cold War anxieties. Furthermore, the American media influenced the attitudes
of Americans, making a hatred of communism spread through the nation. In 1945, the U.S. Wanted

Yalta Research Paper
The relations between America and the Russians have never been strong and this dates back to the
times of World War 2 when Russia was known as the communist Soviet Union. However this was
especially prevalent during the decades following the Second World War when American–Soviet
tensions were at an all–time high and would eventually lead to what is known as the cold war. Being
that the Soviet Union was a communist nation Americans were becoming ever more worried that
communism could leak into the U.S, this fear lead to one congress member, Joseph McCarthy,
taking absurd action which became known as McCarthyism. Although these fears were already
spreading into the nation they were only heightened by the outcome of the Yalta conference between
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At first it seemed as relations were going well between the Soviets and America, with both parties
agreeing to let the Soviet reclaim land lost by Russia in the Russo–Japanese War, as well as a new
international organization known as the United Nations. The United Nations was the biggest thing to
come out of the Yalta Conference because of the disagreements that would precede this agreement.
One of the first disagreements was in the disagreement between the Soviets and other allied nations
about the future status of the Polish government and whether it would be democratic or communist.
However the government was already pro–communist because of the occupation of Poland by the
Soviets and installed the "Lublin" Poles. There were still pro–Western "London" Poles and
Roosevelt and Churchill agreed that they must be a place for them inside the Polish control by the
Soviets. Stalin would agree to this and promised that there would be a democratic election that
would be "unfettered", but this did not happen until 1989 for the pro–Western Poles. Now for
Germany Roosevelt wanted to unify Germany and reconstruct the nation, Stalin wanted heavy
reparation payments because of the damages they caused to the Soviets during the war. This would
lead to a vague agreement that did not accomplish much in the end much like the Polish agreement
did. The rest of the European nations would produce similar agreements that did not outline much in
their accord and very broad when it comes to democratic representation and responsibility being on
the will of the people of such nations. The Yalta Conference overall did not accomplish much as for
post war issues and did not present set principles on what would be done with the European nations
affected by this great

I Know That A Hardline Approach Has Been Your Approach
I know that a hardline approach has been your approach to dealing with the Soviet Union and
instability abroad while I commend you for attempting to establish your own foreign policy separate
from Roosevelt's, I believe you need to shift focus away from establishing U.S. power abroad and
focus on creating the conditions that will support long–term global stability. We are at a crossroads
where two powers with competing ideologies have risen to survive the test of war, and if we do not
tread carefully, we will find ourselves on the brink of a global war once again. We can have this
peace if can contain communism while simultaneously maintaining good relations with the Soviet
Union. A year ago, the Soviet Union was a vital partner to us and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The contributions and success of the Red Army during the war against fascism are undeniable and
have strengthen the belief that communism is a viable alternative to democracy and capitalism;
however, the actions taken by the United States these past few months say to the Soviet Union that
they are not our equal. Stalin feels as though his own interests were ignored in the handing of post–
war Japan and in dealing with German reunification. If we are going to improve relations in any
way, the Soviet perspective must be taken into account despite what domestic opposition there may
be. Policy cannot only function as an extension of an ideology, it must also be grounded in the
reality of current political situation of all parties involved. The United States will not be harmed by
letting the Soviet Union participate in forming provisional government in states along the Russian
border or by comprising on territorial agreements that would provide the Soviet Union with a sense
of security. Compromise is necessary in the name of stability. Pulling from Stalin's speech again, I
believe that this is our best chance to shift our foreign policy away from armament and towards
economic diplomacy in the Soviet Union. In his speech, Stalin stated, "The main tasks of the new
five–year plan are to rehabilitate the devastated regions of our country, to restore industry and
agriculture to the prewar level, and then to exceed that level to a more or less considerable extent."
The Soviet

How the Fall of the Soviet Union Has Affected The World
In 1989, the world saw the fall of the United Soviet Socialist Republic (U.S.S.R.), which was also
known as the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union was a block of 15 Communist Eastern European
states that was ruled by one government with various puppet governments located throughout the
states. Its collapse brought about new issues that the world had never had to deal with before. The
fall of such a large block of Soviet states created many problems and some of the solutions that were
used to solve these problems, as well as many of the tensions that were created during this time, still
affect the world today. Some of the ramifications resulting from the Soviet Union's collapse are still
being felt; however, many problems have been solved ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This evidences how, in the wake of the fall of the Soviet Union, the creation of new nations has
caused tensions that affect the world today. Another repercussion of the Soviet Union's collapse was
the failure of the economies of almost every new post–Soviet country. Most of the economies of the
new Republics were left in shambles after the collapse. In Russia, people were not ready for the new
economic freedom that resulted from the fall of Communism. Their unpreparedness led to inflation.
"Inflation caused prices to go up three hundred percent in the first month, and 2,591 percent by the
end of 1992."( Russian Economy in the Aftermath of the Collapse of the Soviet Union) Just three
years after the Soviet Union's fall, Russia's inflation rate had skyrocketed to 2591 percent,
evidencing that Russians were not prepared for such a rapid evolution, going from a communist
economy into a capitalist economy. All post–Soviet countries had the same economic fate as Russia,
plunging into worse economic conditions than the United States suffered during its Great
Depression. For example, in 1992, the Ukraine had almost a fifteen percent drop in its gross
domestic production and Latvia suffered a 33 percent drop. (GDP growth) Many of these countries'
economies are still suffering as a result of the rapid evolution

Literature Review On Frozen Conflict
SISU–206 Literature Review
The topic I have decided to research is frozen conflict zones. Recently, the term "frozen conflict"
has become more relevant within international relations, and it is used frequently when addressing
conflicts within the former Soviet Union. However, "frozen conflicts" is a term that is often used
loosely and as a result there is no way to categorize and define frozen conflict zones. Frozen
conflicts are used to describe conflicts that are not active and have yet to be resolved. But, why is
this term used only when discussing post–soviet states? Why is this term not used to describe similar
conflicts such as Taiwan or Israel and Palestine? How can a conflict be frozen if it is still creating
global insecurities? I hope to answer all of these questions within my research by using a variety of
scholarly and professional sources.
Furthermore, I plan to create a set of criteria for defining for frozen conflict zones, and as a result I
will be able to look into the annexation of Crimea to determine if it can be identified as a frozen
conflict. I will inform my research through looking at cases of current conflicts within Georgia,
Russia, Azerbaijan, and Moldova.
An article titled Crimea and the Lessons of Frozen Conflicts by John Abrahamson, focuses on
Russia's involvement in the Crimean Peninsula . This interpretive source argues that the Russian
annexation of Crimea was a calculated move with the Russian objective to undermine Pro–western
states within Russia's sphere of influence. In the article, Abrahamson compares Russia's annexation
of Crimea to former Soviet States that poses several frozen conflicts. Abrahamson furthered his
argument by writing: "...Russia helps fracture local elites, prevent the emergence of "normal
political systems," and encourage "illicit activities . . . from the smuggling of drugs and arms to
nuclear proliferation1."
Another author, Dov Lynch, wrote an article that focused upon the efforts of the Organization for
Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) and the European Union (EU) to solve frozen conflicts
. Lynch pushed upon the OSCE and EU to change their conventional framework for how they
approach frozen conflicts, and Lynch created a list of issued that

Persuasive Essay On Russian Dating Stereotypes
We've compiled a list of the best (funniest) photos taken from Russian dating websites. Why are we
picking on the Russians? Probably something to do with Putin. Just kidding, the Vlad–miester isn't
that bad once you get to learn his mission isn't for complete world domination, just that of Ukraine.
Here's the first example of a picture taken from a dating website that's based in Russia. There is this
girl who isn't half bad looking, but decided it would be a great idea to sit on a pile of rubbish for her
profile photo. because heaps of men are attracted to rubbish dumps –– or so she thought.
4
The second picture we have for you today involves a young woman in a bikini on her knees eating a
watermelon. If you were to try and think up of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There aren't too many words that can be said about this lady, apart from good luck finding your
future hubby some time soon.
I wonder how she fares playing the acoustic guitar? Hopefully a bit better than the way she makes
mermaid outfits. We also hope that isn't her bed behind her or maybe that's half the problem. You'll
never get a chance to rest your eyes having to sleep on that thing.
6
For the most part, I don't hold grudges against those who are overweight compared to many other
people i know. Some people literally will hold a grudge again somebody for being overweight. I
think everybody should feel great for being whatever size they are.
With that being said, perhaps some people could try a little bit harder to be in shape. take this guy
for example, who clearly isn't too bothered with his current size. He's so happy with himself that he
can't even take a bath without having his favorite food surrounding him. I think he thinks this is
clever, or perhaps he's just giving his future wives a little bit of insight before committing.

The Soviet Union During The Cold War Essay
The Zbigniew Brzezinski defined a Soviet victory as entailing "the submissive neutralization of both
Western Europe (through the dismantling of NATO) and Japan, and the withdrawal of U.S. political
military presence across the oceans. Moreover, victory was also defined as attaining the worldwide
economic supremacy of communism over capitalism" . Part of this view is corroborated in the
infamous Long Telegram by American diplomat George F. Kennan, which, among other things,
claimed that the USSR wanted to further socialism at the cost of Western capitalism. . From both
sources, one can assume the terms of victory for the Soviet Union in the Cold War, and,
consequently, these can be compared with the actual events of the Cold War to determine how large
a defeat the Soviet Union suffered. It is indeed true that the Western capitalism emerged victorious
in the end. Western Europe wasn't "neutralised"; in fact, it was Eastern Europe that submitted to
Western politics as the USSR collapsed. Similarly, by the end of the Cold War it was the USSR's
political presence – rather than the US' – that had collapsed, leaving the US seemingly unopposed as
the leading global superpower. In each of these cases, it appears that the Soviet Union suffered a
total defeat far removed from any conditions of victory. However, while this paper will begin by
examining these areas of defeat, it will then go on to argue that the defeat was not necessarily total.
Finally, it will argue that survival and

Post Revisionist Approach To The Cause Of The Cold War
The historian who wrote this extract kept a post revisionist approach to reach a judgement for who
caused the Cold War in his beginning paragraph . Post revisionist historians blames neither side but
instead blames the foundation of mutual misunderstanding which was always there. This idea was
first introduced by the leading post revisionist historian John Lewis Gaddis during the late 1900s.
There are few reasons why I concluded that the writer kept post revisionist approach.
First of all , in his beginning he stated that the " civil war was the product not of a decision but of a
dilemma" . This is where his main idea begins which is that Cold War was not something the
opposite powers wanted but instead it was something inevitable due to the misunderstandings . Each
side not deemed to trust each other but saw one's defensive measures as a threat . He stated that "
Russians concluded that the west was resuming its old course of capitalist encirclement " this shows
that each sides were already aware of the possible upcoming misconceptions as well as the clash of
different ideologies( which is shown as the foundation if anti–soviet regimes). So far it was apparent
that the 2 powers would want to keep their security after the WW2 , but their security actions
misfortunately created discomfort and suspicion for each other . Writer suggests that at this
circumstance the only way over this was to win over each other and that's what happened . ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He triggers that even though the both were to blame for the cause , one side has to put more weight
than other because at this rate Cold War was manageable and could be avoided. So in his upcoming
paragraphs he surfaces more reasons as follows

Human Capital Management – Hrm 531
Human Capital Management – HRM 531 Labor Laws and Unions Week 3 Labor Laws and Unions
Michelle Mackey Human Capital Management – HRM 531 02/12/2012 Instructor: Bob Hanks
Labor Laws and Unions Abstract My family has an extensive history in the U.S. Postal Service
therefore the appeal of the American Postal Workers Union, AFL–CIO was irresistible. My
grandfather, godfather, aunt, brother–in–law and even I have worked for the USPS in one capacity
or the other. As a student worker during my college days I found out why unions are important, and
a necessity in the USPS. I was a scab (non–union worker) unwanted, unappreciated and over
worked not to mention easily ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While another recent bill (H.R.3813) recently passed through the House of Oversight and
Government Reform Committee would increase the amount postal and federal employees contribute
to their retirement by 1.5 percent, with the increase phased in over three years, beginning in 2013
(Guffey, 2012). Process, Benefits, and Effects of Unionization "APWU membership is open to any
USPS employee, regardless of race, color, creed, sex, sexual orientation, nationality, disability,
political affiliation, age or religion" (Guffey, 2012). Supervisors and managers are allowed to join
the APWU however they are not allowed to participate in the union activities; they are only
participants in the Health Plan (Guffey, 2012). Regular members have the right to participate in local
meetings, to vote for local and national officers, to vote on the contract, to run for office, and to
petition for change in the union. Members are encouraged to join both a local and national chapter
of the union. Both levels represent change. On the local level the union deals with the day to day for
area workers while the national level deals with congress and the concerns addressed by the national
convention of APWU. There is a separate division and

Communism vs. Democracy : Emergence of the Cold War
25.03.2012
Essay Topic #2 – Using documents 1.1–1.6 and your wider knowledge, evaluate the assumptions
underlying Soviet and US polices at the end of the Second World War.
Ali vs. Frazier – Communism vs. Democracy
The phrase "when one door closes, another door opens" applies to most cases throughout the history
of our existence. World War II was no exception. With a world free of Nazi stronghold and the "Axis
of Evil", a lot of changes were being made. Before World War II there were six great powers: Great
Britain, France, Germany, the Soviet Union, Japan, and the United States. By the end of the war, the
United States stood alone. The end of World War II virtually left two of these superpowers, who
helped end Hitler's realm, at a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Soviet foreign policy. In February of 1945, at the Yalta Conference held in Russia, the Soviets
proposed German reparations of $20,000,000,000 be paid, half of which would go to the Soviets.
This was a number that was scoffed at by the Grand Alliance. It was evident that Soviet policy
intended to spread communism throughout war–ridden Europe, especially through their reparation
demands. Tensions rose at the Potsdam Conference regarding Soviet behavior in Germany at the
war's end, a working paper of United States delegation stated "Payment of reparations should leave
sufficient resources to enable the German people to subsist without external assistance... all these
removals were in complete violation of all efforts to maintain 'non–war potential' industries in
Germany... What we saw amounts to organized vandalism directed not alone against Germany, but
against US forces of occupation" Stalin's policy on Germany was simply to make sure they never
posed a threat to Soviet existence again by burying them while they were down post–war. A classic
battle for the future of German ideology existed, communism vs. democracy, Stalin vs. Truman.
Joseph Stalin's most successful policy for the Soviet regime came with the installment of the "Iron
Curtain" at the Yalta Conference. The Iron Curtain

The Characteristics Of The Cold War
The Cold War is the designation for a period of time in which political and military tension exist
between the West, led by the United States and its NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
allies, and the Communist World, led by the Soviet Union and its allies in the Warsaw Pact. The
term "cold" was used to describe the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union
throughout the war because neither side were involved in a large–scale fight directly, though, there
are regional wars who fought for their beliefs on their behalf e.g. South Vietnam versus North
Vietnam which was supported by the United States for the former and by the Soviet Union for the
latter. The term "cold war" itself was first used by an English writer, George Orwell, in his essay
"You and the Atomic Bomb", published by the British newspaper Tribune on 19 October 1945, "We
may be heading not for general breakdown but for an epoch as horribly stable as the slave empires
of antiquity....– that is, the kind of world–view, the kind of beliefs, and the social structure that
would probably prevail in a state which was at once unconquerable and in a permanent state of 'cold
war' with its neighbors." (Orwell, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Larkin (1965), in his exam revision book European History for Certificate Classes, posited that the
'Cold War' was a mixture of religious crusade in favor of one ideology or the other, and of the most
ruthless power politics, striking out for advantage or expansion not only in Europe but all over the
world. How historians analyze the Cold War has been a major concern, such as the problems when
and where the Cold War began; whether it was inevitable; and why states and individual in an
international system acted in a particular

Restorative Nostalgia In The Post-Russian Fashion Analysis
Fashion has always been trapped in a love affair with the past. As designers seek a muse in their
local cultures, backpedaling into a nation's history for inspiration has become a key rhetoric in the
fashion industry. For many leading labels certain time frames and sociopolitical atmospheres prove
to play a role in the creative and economic process of the world of fashion, and the eclectic nature of
fashion design demonstrate a confluence between nation, nostalgia, and fashion (Best, 2017).
Seeking the transhistorical reconstruction of a past time, the concept of restorative nostalgia finds
itself interconnected in the realm of fashion creativity. Focussing on the modern construction of the
Russian nation, this paper will address the role of restorative nostalgia in the Russian fashion
industry, how designers use nostalgia as a creative tool in fashion and the phenomena of the post–
Soviet aesthetic, as well as the capacity of rootless Soviet nostalgia among Russia's youth and its
impact on the consumption of post–Soviet fashions today.
Often resulting from the frustration Russia experienced after the fall of the Soviet Union, nostalgia
for a USSR past reminds us of the important changes that followed Soviet dissolution, including the
elimination in Russia of widespread political and socioeconomic regulation of society. But echoes of
the Soviet past, including crackdowns on dissent, now seem more pronounced (White, 2010). As
post–Soviet Russia, through time and western

The And The Soviet Regime
Thirdly, Kuznetsov attacks the Soviet regime through its ability to present themselves as victims of
Nazism during the war. This is done firstly through the destruction of the Kreschchatik and
subsequent refusal of Soviet wrongdoing and secondly through the omission of Soviet liability. The
Kreshchatik was the main street of Kiev that housed shops, offices, and apartments. Following the
German invasion, near the end of September the Kreshchatik was set ablaze ultimately destroying
large sections of it. This act was carried out by Bolsheviks who wanted to deliberately provoke Nazi
barbarism against Kiev citizen. The Soviets were successful, as Timothy Snyder argues the
immediate after effects of the burning of Kreschchatik stimulated the Nazis to change their policy
from relaxed occupiers to violent tyrants. The bombing directly led to Germans ordering all Kiev
Jews to report to a specific location in Kiev where they were later led to Babi Yar to be shot.
Kuznetsov condemns the attack because firstly, this is a calculated attack against the civilians of
Kiev, demonstrating the barbaric tendencies the Soviets descended to. Secondly, Kuznetsov points
out the fallacy in the remembrance of the burning down of Kreshchatik. As described, it was the
Soviets who committed the acts but the Soviet state following the war presented the acts as German
doing. Due to this, the Soviet state has distorted history to make Ukraine look as if it suffered under
the sole hands of Nazis and

Why Is The United States Responsible For The Cold War?
The cold war and the debates surrounding it have developed extensively since the 1940s. In
particular the orthodox and revisionist schools of thought have created contradictory views on the
origins and motives of the states within the cold war. In conjunction with these theoretical debates,
arguments have arisen as to whether the United States (US) or the Soviet Union (USSR) is more
responsible for the peaceful relationship breakdown between these states after the cold war.
Although it was the USSR which initiated the first summit peace talks of 1955. The USSR was
rather adamant to implement a policy of peaceful coexistence between the two states, initiating
peace talks and negotiations to contain the repetition of war. Although, in 1959 this ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
At the Geneva conference of June 1955, President Eisenhower contributed to the Soviet's efforts of
peaceful co–existence through the proposition of an 'Open Skies' policy. This would allow the US to
inspect USSR airspace, in order to obtain Intel into Soviet military activities. Khrushchev had
regarded this policy to be "nothing more than a bold espionage plot", which would give the US an
extreme advantage if peace negotiations were to breakdown. It was unknown to Khrushchev in
____, that the Eisenhower government had already authorised U2 missions into Soviet airspace. It
was these activities which had ultimately led to Khrushchev's walkout at the third peace summit of
May 1960. The interception of USAF U2 flight in 1960 was regarded as a violation of the "boundary
of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics...It was shot down by Soviet rocket troops in the area of
Sverdlovsk", as recorded in the Soviet note of protest on the 10th of May 1960. It goes on to state,
"A new announcement was made by the US state Department on May 7 which contained, that forced
admission of the aircraft was sent into the Soviet Union for military reconnaissance purposes,
and...it was admitted that the flight was pursuing aggressive purposes". These claims were defended
by President Eisenhower,

America's Disagreement During The Vietnam War
The Quebec Agreement was signed on August 19, 1943 between the United States and Great Britain
and guaranteed that the two countries would share scientific information relating to the atomic bomb
project, also known as interchange. From the beginning of the project they had agreed to share
information in order for a bomb to be built during the war, but once it moved into the development
stage James Conant suggested to President Roosevelt that their agreement was no longer viable.
Conant argued that the bomb could not possibly be used by the British during the war and therefore
the United States did not have to honor the interchange agreement. The United States was not ready
to enter into a post–war alliance at that point and it was obvious that Britain did not have the
resources necessary to build bombs that could be used during the war. However, the realities of the
post–war situation eventually won the day and the United States and Great Britain resumed full ...
He saw that the Soviet Union was the rising force in Europe and that the United States would need
allies in order to stop to spread of communism. The United Kingdom would therefore be his
bulwark against Soviet aggression in Europe and serve to represent America's interest there. Britain
would not be able to stand up to the size and strength of the Red Army on its own however. In order
to effectively resist Soviet encroachment, Britain needed the atomic bomb. Britain also needed to be
economically stable which the United States set out to assist them with as well. Assuring Britain's
military and economic strength was paramount to American ambitions in Europe. After all, the
United Kingdom was no use to the United States if they were not strong. However, in tying its post–
war diplomacy to Great Britain, the United States was all but ensuring that an arms race would
ensue after the conflict

The Historiography of the Origins of the Cold War Essay
The Historiography of the Origins of the Cold War
There have been many attempts to explain the origins of the Cold War that developed between the
capitalist West and the communist East after the Second World War. Indeed, there is great
disagreement in explaining the source for the Cold War; some explanations draw on events pre–
1945; some draw only on issues of ideology; others look to economics; security concerns dominate
some arguments; personalities are seen as the root cause for some historians. So wide is the range of
the historiography of the origins of the Cold War that is has been said "the Cold War has also
spawned a war among historians, a controversy over how the Cold War got started, whether or not it
was inevitable, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
George Kennan, the architect of the Long–Telegram, was one of the leading voices, publishing the
traditionalist viewpoint both privately in the Long Telegram of 22 February 1946, as well as
publicly in the anonymous article "The Sources of Soviet Conduct" in the July 1947 issue of Foreign
Affairs (McCauley 9). Soon after, most of the Western world joined Kennan in the view that: "at the
bottom of the Kremlin's neurotic view of world affairs is traditional and instinctive Russian sense of
insecurity"(McCauley 131). Kennan warned that, "they have learned to seek security only in patient
but deadly struggle for total destruction of rival power, never in compacts and compromises with it"
(McCauley 131).
Indeed, this sentiment that the Russian side had no desire to compromise was echoed by many
Western academics, including Arthur Schlesinger Jr. who wrote in the article "The Origins of the
Cold War" in the October 1967 Foreign Affairs:
There is no corresponding evidence on the Russian side that anyone seriously sought a modus
vivendi in these terms. Stalin's choice was whether his long–term ideological and national interests
would be better served by a short–run truce with the West or by an immediate resumption of
pressure. In October 1945, Stalin indicated to Harriman at Sochi that he planned to adopt the second
course... (McCauley 111).
Both Kennan and Schlesinger place the blame for the

To What Extent Was the Cold War Inevitable? Essay
To What Extent Was the Cold War Inevitable? With the end of World War II (WWII) in 1945 began
the Cold War, an international conflict that lasted from 1947–1991 and plagued nations across the
globe. As the post–war negotiations were deliberated by three of the strongest world powers, the
United States (US), Britain, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), disagreements
arose that created tension between the US and the USSR and ultimately instigated the infamous
"Fifty Years War" (Crockatt 64). But was this conflict avoidable, or was the Cold War simply
inevitable? In order to effectively answer to this issue, the origins and conflicts leading to the Cold
War must be evaluated with reference to the post–war territorial ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This caused the US to believe that Soviets had mainly expansionist aims. The US was "not prepared
to see the opportunity for future investment [in Eastern Europe] foreclosed" (Crockatt 67) and this
belief sparked the development of the containment policy directed by George Kennan, outlined in
the Long Telegram (Lightbody 5). In addition, "the west had to oppose the Soviet Union for its own
survival" (Lightbody 5) as the nuclear race between the US and USSR ensued and the USSR strived
to equal the already well–established program of the US. This tension did not recede as Soviets sent
spies into the US Manhattan Project, the nuclear development program (Lightbody 5). When the
Soviets refused to join the Baruch Plan – which controlled nuclear weapon development – the USSR
became even more openly viewed as a threat to US security. The growth of communism in Asia
within the countries of Korea, Vietnam, and China along with tensions between the "Iron Curtain,"
or divide, between Eastern and Western Europe also contributed to increasing threat towards
capitalism and the Cold War's inevitability.
However, the Cold War was not completely inevitable. Both revisionist and orthodox historians
agree that the war "resulted from essentially unilateral actions by one or another power and that
therefore the cold was an avoidable tragedy" (Crockatt 65).

Truman Essay
When World War II ended the United States and Russia emerged as "Superpowers". Though they
had fought as allies, each had their own agenda and post –war strategies. The United States found
itself unable to enjoy the pleasures of peace after the wars completion. Having been unable to
establish a true settlement in Europe, America watched, as Russia appeared to strengthen its hold of
the region. The Soviets were taking a position in Europe that concerned the United States, led by
President Harry S. Truman. The Soviets were refusing to vacate Austria and were maintaining a post
war occupation, on the premise that they had conquered Austria when it was a hostile nation.
The Soviet Union was attempting to gain ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They were also refusing to comply with a post war agreement to vacate Iran within six months of
the end of World War II. This action was of great concern to the United States who brought this
dispute to the attention of the United Nations. A strong position of hostility was observed between
the United States and Russia. The United States issued an ultimatum for Russia to withdraw from
Iran or face military opposition.
As tensions in Europe continued to rise support against communist expansion was weakening. The
support of Great Britain had weakened as they were faced with post war economic hardship and
recent severe weather. Churchill advised Truman that Great Britain would no longer be able to fund
anti–revolutionary support. Greece was currently in a battle against revolutionaries supported by
communist Yugoslavia who were attempting to over throw the British supported King. With the
British withdrawal of aid and support to Greece, Truman saw a long awaited opportunity present
itself. He had wanted to establish an ideological anti–communist doctrine and with recent
developments in Europe, he was motivated to proceed. In addition Truman felt the Soviet aggression
in Europe could have an effect on the United States economy if a growing communist Europe
becomes a lost market.
On March 12, 1947 President Harry S. Truman gave a speech to Congress regarding the falling of
small countries,

Post Soviet States Chapter Summaries
In chapter five it talks about Russia and the Post–Soviet states which happens to be the world's
largest continent. According to the book, the Soviet Union happened to be the largest political unit
in the world but later ended up breaking up. After the Soviet Union had broken up it became
replaced by a group named the Commonwealth f Independent states. Within these states it involved
Russia and 11 more post–soviet states. These post–soviet states were called, Ukraine, Belarus,
Moldova, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and
Uzbekistan. It also talks about the Russian Federation, Siberia, steppes, permafrost and the tundra
climate. The first point that this chapter addresses is the environment and how the climate is
changing due to the pollution of the air and toxic waste being let into the water by factories.
According to the book it was stated that during the soviet's time of shine they as a whole ignored the
industrial pollutions that was damaging the air ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to the book it says that the urban cities remain in a communist era where as others don't.
It also discussed that Central Asia had a low rate within Urbanization, Moscow has a population of
11.5 million people. The fifth pint addressed in this chapter was population and gender regarding in
these regions. As the before chapter stated the population is declining due to the lack of births and
declines of life expectancy. Before women were thought of as the stay at home mom with all of the
kids but now since there's become more job opportunities' in the work force for women they're
deciding to have a minimum of kids as possible so they can help provide for their families.
According to the book male lives have been declining due to alcohol poisoning although they're
trying to make a turn around by offering

Realism In The Slynx
Depiction of the post–historical time in the Tolstaya's novel represents a perfect morally corrupt
world in need of a saviour. This degraded setting echoes the failed utopianism thinking of the early–
post Soviet period, as according to Agren: "it [The Slynx] is a reflection of the postmodern and late
Soviet disbelief in the utopian idea of state–promoted progress as a grand narrative." Even though
Agren argues that the anti–utopianism of the novel was inspired by the Soviet collapse, the "Blast"
in The Slynx is commonly associated with the Chernobyl catastrophe , which puts an end to the
Soviet fascination with the progress. Although the technological disaster or a "Blast" puts an end to
the Soviet utopianism, fragmentary Soviet narratives ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In her novel, Tolstaya presents an ironic treatment of the conventional dystopian hero through the
character of Benedict who fails in his enlightenment mission. Nevertheless, the conventional
messianic features can be traced in Tolstaya's intelligentsia figures, which will be discussed later in
the

The Soviet Union And The United States During The Cold War
The Cold War was a foreseen possibility that couldn't be avoided and the failure to reach an
agreement between both nations made a tit–for–tat strategy the only thing keeping themselves, and
the rest of the world from the brink of nuclear annihilation. In an essence, the Cold War started long
before the guns were laid down in Germany and in the Pacific theatre following the conclusion of
World War 2 in 1945. The relationship during the war between the Soviet Union and the United
States was focused on ending Adolf Hitler's reign of terror and the Nazi Party once and for all.
However, suspicion and lack of trust defined their relations in the years to follow as both the US and
USSR had competing ideologies and visions of the future which prevented ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Nonetheless, the rivalry between the Soviet Union and the United States over how the post–war
world would emerge caused their countering ideological differences created conflict. Mistrust
between the two stemmed from Stalin's resentment over not sharing nuclear weapons research, not
further engaging the Germans during World War II causing high Soviet casualties, and disagreeing
with Truman's post–war relief funds only being given to Great Britain. Stalin lamented over the
United States and Great Britain not sharing research on nuclear weapons with the Soviet Union
during the war and was unhappy with the countries' initial unwillingness to engage the Germans on
a second front in order to take pressure off of the Soviets. Additionally, Stalin was irked by the fact
that Truman had offered postwar relief loans to Great Britain but not to the USSR. The actions
displayed by both Truman and Stalin displayed a tit–for–tat strategy during World War II – both
countries mutually cooperating to end the war for benefit of both nation's future. On the contrary,
after the Soviets invaded Berlin and took over the Reichstag, and the United States dropped atomic
bombs on Japan ending the second world war, the policies of both nations undertook a more
defensive approach towards each other. The differing ideologies and agendas of each nation's policy
makers made an eventual cold war

Cold Wars: The Origins Of The Cold War
Origins of the Cold War
When it comes to the Cold War, there are many theories as to who caused it: The Soviet Union or
the United States? The clashing amongst the two super powers which resulted in the Cold War
started in 1947 and ended in 1991.The Cold War was a war where there was no direct combat. The
cold is described as a frigid relationship between the Soviet Union and the United States. The three
theories of The Cold War origins that exist are; The Orthodox Explanations of the Origins of the
Cold war, The Revisionist Explanations of the Cold War, and the Post–Revisionist theory. The
reason why the Cold War started was because of diverging ideologies. In the American Foreign
Policy Since World War II, Steven W. Hook and John Spinier ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
One historical event that supports the Post– Revisionist theory is the Berlin Blockade of West
Germany in 1948. Hook and Spainer assert that the blockade was "the soviet attempt to drive out the
United States out of Western Europe left Washington with little choice but to defend its position in
West Berlin. To that end Truman launched a continuous airlift of supplies to Berlin instead if
attempting to launch the blockade on the ground which might have sparked the conflict between the
two superpowers" . Because of the different ideologies and different wants, the Soviet Union built
the Berlin Blockade to drive the united states out of

Why Was the Us Afraid of Ussr
Why was the United States afraid of the Soviet Union after WWII? Why was the Soviet Union
afraid of the United States and Western Europe?
2 When World II ended it brought about a period of mistrust and uneasiness between the United
States and the Soviet Union. Communism and democracy were two totally different types of
governments which ran the two most powerful countries in the world. These two countries were the
US and the USSR. When the Second World War ended it brought about the Cold War. The Cold War
was a war not fought directly but indirectly ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With this goal they cut through the idea of the Russians wanting to end capitalism. The Soviets had
been invaded a 3
couple of times and wanted to set up a barrier to help protect them more. The Soviets and the US
both felt like their way of life was in jeopardy and would do anything to prevail. The US and the
Soviets wouldn't work together. If they had they would have a more successful chance of creating
more for themselves. Instead they felt like they couldn't take the chance with letting the other break
their trust. Both countries did a good job in not letting the cold war become a nuclear one. President
Truman decided not to use nuclear weapons in the Korean War. If he had the Soviet Union would
have struck back with a nuclear strike on the US. President Eisenhower did not get involved in a
revolution located in Europe. He knew the soviets wouldn't stand for it. The soviets also stood down
during the missile crisis in Cuba. Many historians believed that both countries tried to keep
altercations as low as possible. "The Cold War had an enormous impact on the United States
politically, socially, and economically."[2] President Eisenhower also wanted to limit spending to
save money for military defenses. President Kennedy helped spread hope to the young Americans.
No one really knows who started the cold war

Was the Cold War Inevitable Essay
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Was the Cold War Inevitable?
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
ARTS1271 ESSAY
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
16th September, 2011
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
The orthodox view of the Cold War elucidates its inevitability due to the great ideological
differences that existed between the Soviet Union and United States. On the other hand, the
revisionists argued that it happened due to the actions that Soviets took and the consequential
responses made by the United States as a result of their inflexible, single–sided interpretations of
Soviet action. Yet, even with the backdrop of the early Bolshevik conflict in 1918 as well ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, Truman's accession destroyed any form of diplomacy and put further strain on relations as
well as altered the intentions of subsequent American foreign policies. His rise to power made the
Cold War virtually impossible to avoid.
The traditional, orthodox interpretation places the responsibility of the Cold War on Stalin's
personality and on communist ideology. It claims that as long as Stalin and the authoritarian
government were in power, a cold war was unavoidable. It argues that Stalin violated agreements
that he had made at Yalta, imposed Soviet policy on Eastern European countries aiming at political
domination and conspired to advocate communism throughout the world. As a result, United States
officials were forced to respond to Soviet aggression with foreign policies such as the Truman
Doctrine and the Marshall Plan. Yet revisionists argue that there was "no proof of Stalin promoting
communism outside Russia" and that Stalin's decisions were first and foremost, pro–Soviet and not
of communist intentions. Up until 1947, it is evident through Marshall Plan as well as statements
and interviews made by Stalin that he was still thinking of cooperation with the United States,
Britain and France. Despite post–war conflicts and instability of Soviet–American relations, the
USSR's initial embrace of the Marshall Plan at its announcement expressed

Strategic Geometry Essay
International Relations of Asia
STRATEGIC GEOMETRY
"This is the only region in the world where so many combinations and permutations of two– three
and four– and even two plus four or three plus three– power games can be played on the regional
chessboard with all their complexities and variations."
introduction
The concept of strategic geometry comprises the notion that that the interactions and
interconnections between a number of political actors within a particular system of international
relations, either global or regional can be seen in terms of geometric patterns of strategic
configurations. It can be a case of simple geometry, in which A interacts with B: but in a more
complex system such as that of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Geopolitical and politico–economic factors have in some cases changed the content, but not the
form of the particular strategic configurations and in some cases however, we find both form and
content are changed. In my essay I will focus on this dual analysis of the content and form of the
major patterns of strategic geometry and their change over time from Cold War to post Cold War.
In order to assess the usefulness of the concept of strategic geometry, we must first see how well the
concept is expressed in the international relations of
Asia. Firstly I will briefly outline the general strategic concerns or tenets of the Cold War era, the
roles and interactions of the actors involved, and the major strategic geometric patterns this
produced. The second part of my essay will comprise an analysis of the evolution of the system, and
the tenets of the new post cold war system, drawing attention at the same time to the usefulness of
the concept of strategic geometry to explain the transition. One may even conceptualize pre –Cold
War international relations in strategic geometric terms: the past is replete with instances of three–
way interactions between Japan, China and the Soviet Union. According to Mandlebaum, the fate of
the region has "for the last two centuries' depended 'on the fate of three major powers––China, Japan
and Russia, on the stability and tranquillity of their mutual

Essay On The End Of The Cold War
Discuss the impact of the end of the Cold War on US foreign policy Introduction: When the world
famous liberal thinker Francis Fukuyama in his masterpiece declared that we were witnessing the
end of the history, he was greeting the new political structure and also the new international
environment, which is peaceful[1]. However, developments that occurred after the collapse of the
Soviet Union showed us that the dissolution of the Soviets was unexpected. The international
society was not ready for peace and Fukuyama's optimistic assumptions were far from becoming
real. Moreover, the international society currently started to realise that the tension and the potential
of mass destructive war during the Cold War era had provided a ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The competition and increasing awareness on democratic rights did force the Soviets to stand back
and make some major policy changes in 1980s. The Soviet Premier of the time Gorbachev tried to
set some political and social reforms in the soviet society in order to ease the pressure and help
Soviets to continue to survive in the international arena. Moreover, the Soviets did not only make
shifts in their internal policies but also in their foreign policy understanding as well. For instance
withdrawal from Afghanistan, signing of various nuclear deterrence agreements with multi parties
including the US are some of the key changes that occurred in the 1980s. However, the reforms of
Gorbachev did not prevent the Soviets to stop its collapse and eventually after a series of events in
1991 the Soviet Union formally announced its dissolution[7]. The First Ten Years: Although the
indications were present well before the collapse of the Soviet Union, the world was not completely
ready for the end of the Cold War. The US was left alone without any major balancing opponents.
Furthermore, after the dissolution of the Soviets the numbers of newly established independent
states have increased significantly. All these new states were lacking of self–governing capabilities
and also the Western vision, which was the victorious ideology of the Cold war. Moreover, some

Discuss The Effects Of Ww2 On African American Women
The postwar period starting in 1945 was a time of economic boom and a shared sense of unity in the
United States, or so it seemed. Although the unemployment rate was zero percent women and
African American workers were becoming increasingly unhappy with their roles in the American
post–war economy. Employment of women in America was at an all–time high reaching 19 million
by 1945. However, the traditional gender roles between men and women created tension after the
war due to women's push for opportunity outside of their typical roles at home. In the post–war
period, African American workers were still feeling a sense of segregation and inequality in the
workforce. They were usually the last to be hired, especially African American women,

Lieutenant General Saint And His Command Sergeants
In early 1986, Lieutenant General Saint and his Command Sergeants Major, Command Sergeants
Major Horvath, identified the need to establish an elite organization to recognize stellar Non–
Commissioned Officers. These Non–Commissioned Officers are those who have demonstrated
excellence in performance and leadership abilities that resemble those of other influential NCO's. A
special group that needed a figure head that all members could emulate and strive to act in
accordance with. This figure head could be none other than Sergeant Audie Murphy.
The Sergeant Audie Murphy Club originated at Fort Hood, Texas by a group of dedicated officers,
enlisted, and civilians; the most notable of which were the two aforementioned leaders, their awards
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The support of the club has given back to all areas of influence including schools, cemeteries,
businesses, and programs such as the Warrior Outreach. The club has been involved with many
outstanding events such as feeding the homeless; providing gifts for under privileged kids;
partnering with local schools to help establish a positive foundation for the youth through
interaction; clearing and cleaning overgrown cemeteries with the preservation society; and assisting
with the restoration of homes belonging to citizens in the area. One of the most interesting things
that the club does that should never go unnoticed is empowering and providing great leaders with an
outlet to be able to do these amazing things. Individuals will struggle to find a way to make a
difference in the community, but when like minded individuals come together the opportunities
seem to present themselves in abundance. This is why I want to become a member of the SAMC. To
be able to give back to the community that has given so much for its veterans. To be able to
surround myself with motivated, dedicated, and intellectual leaders would allow my passions and
desires to be fulfilled. I earned the Meritorious Outstanding Volunteer Medal by putting the welfare
and needs of others before my own, both in country and abroad. Being a part of these

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